{"id":98653,"date":"2025-07-05T23:22:10","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T20:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=98653"},"modified":"2025-07-05T23:22:10","modified_gmt":"2025-07-05T20:22:10","slug":"oamenii-de-stiinta-au-descoperit-ca-o-ciuperca-toxica-gasita-in-mormantul-faraonului-tutankhamon-mult-timp-acuzata-de-asa-numitul-blestem-al-faraonului-produce-compusi-puternici-care-pot-ucide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/oamenii-de-stiinta-au-descoperit-ca-o-ciuperca-toxica-gasita-in-mormantul-faraonului-tutankhamon-mult-timp-acuzata-de-asa-numitul-blestem-al-faraonului-produce-compusi-puternici-care-pot-ucide\/","title":{"rendered":"Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au descoperit c\u0103 o ciuperc\u0103 toxic\u0103 g\u0103sit\u0103 \u00een morm\u00e2ntul faraonului Tutankhamon – mult timp acuzat\u0103 de a\u0219a-numitul „blestem al faraonului” – produce compu\u0219i puternici care pot ucide celulele canceroase"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u00cen noiembrie 1922, arheologul Howard Carter<\/strong> a privit printr-o mic\u0103 gaur\u0103 \u00een morm\u00e2ntul sigilat al faraonului Tutankhamon<\/strong>. C\u00e2nd a fost \u00eentrebat dac\u0103 poate vedea ceva, el a r\u0103spuns: „Da, lucruri minunate”<\/em>. \u00cen c\u00e2teva luni \u00eens\u0103, sus\u021bin\u0103torul financiar al lui Carter, Lord Carnarvon<\/strong>, a murit din cauza unei boli misterioase. \u00cen anii urm\u0103tori, al\u021bi c\u00e2\u021biva membri ai echipei de excavare au avut soarte similare, aliment\u00e2nd legendele despre „blestemul faraonului” care au captivat imagina\u021bia publicului timp de pu\u021bin peste un secol.<\/p>\n

Timp de decenii, aceste mor\u021bi misterioase au fost atribuite unor for\u021be supranaturale. \u00cens\u0103 \u0219tiin\u021ba modern\u0103 a dezv\u0103luit un vinovat mai probabil: o ciuperc\u0103 toxic\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de Aspergillus flavus<\/em>. Acum, \u00eentr-o \u00eentors\u0103tur\u0103 nea\u0219teptat\u0103, acela\u0219i organism mortal este transformat \u00eentr-o nou\u0103 arm\u0103 puternic\u0103 \u00een lupta \u00eempotriva cancerului. Aspergillus flavus<\/em> este o ciuperc\u0103 mucegai comun\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2lnit\u0103 \u00een sol, \u00een vegeta\u021bia \u00een descompunere \u0219i \u00een cerealele depozitate. Este renumit\u0103 pentru capacitatea sa de a supravie\u021bui \u00een medii dure, inclusiv \u00een camerele sigilate ale mormintelor antice, unde poate r\u0103m\u00e2ne latent\u0103 timp de mii de ani.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd este deranjat\u0103, ciuperca elibereaz\u0103 spori care pot provoca infec\u021bii respiratorii severe, \u00een special la persoanele cu sistem imunitar sl\u0103bit. Acest lucru ar putea explica a\u0219a-numitul „blestem” al regelui Tutankhamon \u0219i incidente similare, cum ar fi moartea mai multor oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 care au intrat \u00een morm\u00e2ntul lui Cazimir al IV-lea al Poloniei \u00een anii 1970. \u00cen ambele cazuri, investiga\u021biile ulterioare au descoperit c\u0103 Aspergillus flavus<\/em> era prezent\u0103, iar toxinele ei erau probabil responsabile pentru boli \u0219i decese.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ciuda reputa\u021biei sale periculoase, Aspergillus flavus<\/em> se afl\u0103 acum \u00een centrul unei descoperiri \u0219tiin\u021bifice remarcabile. Cercet\u0103torii de la Universitatea din Pennsylvania au descoperit c\u0103 aceast\u0103 ciuperc\u0103 produce o clas\u0103 unic\u0103 de molecule cu poten\u021bial de a combate cancerul. Aceste molecule apar\u021bin unui grup numit peptide sintetizate ribozomal \u0219i modificate post-transla\u021bional (RiPP<\/strong>). RiPP-urile sunt produse de ribozomi – fabrica de proteine \u200b\u200ba celulei – \u0219i sunt ulterior modificate chimic pentru a le \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bi func\u021bia. De\u0219i mii de RiPP-uri au fost identificate \u00een bacterii, doar c\u00e2teva au fost g\u0103site \u00een ciuperci – p\u00e2n\u0103 acum.<\/p>\n

Procesul de g\u0103sire a acestor RiPP-uri fungice a fost departe de a fi simplu. Echipa de cercetare a analizat o duzin\u0103 de tulpini sau tipuri diferite de aspergillus, c\u0103ut\u00e2nd indicii chimice care ar putea indica prezen\u021ba acestor molecule promi\u021b\u0103toare. Aspergillus flavus<\/em> s-a remarcat rapid ca un candidat principal. Cercet\u0103torii au comparat substan\u021bele chimice din diferite tulpini fungice cu compu\u0219i RiPP cunoscu\u021bi \u0219i au g\u0103sit potriviri promi\u021b\u0103toare. Pentru a confirma descoperirea lor, au dezactivat genele relevante \u0219i, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, substan\u021bele chimice \u021bint\u0103 au disp\u0103rut, dovedind c\u0103 au g\u0103sit sursa.<\/p>\n

Purificarea acestor substan\u021be chimice s-a dovedit a fi o provocare semnificativ\u0103. Cu toate acestea, aceast\u0103 complexitate este \u0219i cea care confer\u0103 RiPP-urilor fungice activitatea lor biologic\u0103 remarcabil\u0103. Echipa a reu\u0219it \u00een cele din urm\u0103 s\u0103 izoleze patru RiPP-uri diferite din Aspergillus flavus<\/em>. Aceste molecule aveau \u00een comun o structur\u0103 unic\u0103 de inele interconectate, o caracteristic\u0103 care nu mai fusese descris\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 acum. Cercet\u0103torii au numit ace\u0219ti noi compu\u0219i „asperigimicine”, dup\u0103 ciuperca \u00een care au fost g\u0103si\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Urm\u0103torul pas a fost testarea acestor asperigimicine \u00eempotriva celulelor canceroase umane. \u00cen unele cazuri, acestea au oprit cre\u0219terea celulelor canceroase, suger\u00e2nd c\u0103 asperigimicinele ar putea deveni \u00eentr-o zi un nou tratament pentru anumite tipuri de cancer. Echipa a descoperit, de asemenea, cum p\u0103trund aceste substan\u021be chimice \u00een celulele canceroase. Aceast\u0103 descoperire este semnificativ\u0103 deoarece multe substan\u021be chimice, precum asperigimicinele, au propriet\u0103\u021bi medicinale, dar se chinuie s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een celule \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi suficient de mari pentru a fi utile. Cunoa\u0219terea faptului c\u0103 anumite gr\u0103simi (lipide) pot intensifica acest proces ofer\u0103 oamenilor de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 un nou instrument pentru dezvoltarea de medicamente.<\/p>\n

Experimente ulterioare au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 asperigimicinele probabil perturb\u0103 procesul de diviziune celular\u0103 \u00een celulele canceroase. Celulele canceroase se divid necontrolat, iar ace\u0219ti compu\u0219i par s\u0103 blocheze formarea microtubulilor, structura din interiorul celulelor care este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru diviziunea celular\u0103.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 perturbare este specific\u0103 anumitor tipuri de celule, a\u0219a c\u0103, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, ar putea reduce riscul de efecte secundare. \u00cens\u0103 descoperirea asperigimicinelor este doar \u00eenceputul. Cercet\u0103torii au identificat, de asemenea, grupuri similare de gene \u0219i \u00een alte ciuperci, ceea ce sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 mult mai multe RiPP-uri fungice mai trebuie descoperite.<\/p>\n

Povestea Aspergillus flavus<\/em> este un exemplu puternic al modului \u00een care natura poate fi at\u00e2t o surs\u0103 de pericol, c\u00e2t \u0219i un izvor de vindecare. Timp de secole, aceast\u0103 ciuperc\u0103 a fost temut\u0103 ca un uciga\u0219 t\u0103cut care se ascundea \u00een mormintele antice, responsabil\u0103 de mor\u021bi misterioase \u0219i de legenda blestemului faraonului. Ast\u0103zi, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 transform\u0103 aceast\u0103 fric\u0103 \u00een speran\u021b\u0103, valorific\u00e2nd aceia\u0219i spori mortali pentru a crea medicamente care salveaz\u0103 vie\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 transformare, de la blestem la leac, subliniaz\u0103 importan\u021ba explor\u0103rii \u0219i inov\u0103rii continue \u00een lumea natural\u0103. Natura ne-a oferit, de fapt, o farmacie incredibil\u0103, plin\u0103 de compu\u0219i care pot vindeca, dar pot \u015fi d\u0103una. Depinde de oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i ingineri s\u0103 descopere aceste secrete, folosind cele mai noi tehnologii pentru a identifica, modifica \u0219i testa noi molecule pentru poten\u021bialul lor de a trata bolile.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen noiembrie 1922, arheologul Howard Carter a privit printr-o mic\u0103 gaur\u0103 \u00een morm\u00e2ntul sigilat al faraonului Tutankhamon. C\u00e2nd a fost \u00eentrebat dac\u0103 poate vedea ceva, el a r\u0103spuns: „Da, lucruri minunate”. \u00cen c\u00e2teva luni \u00eens\u0103, sus\u021bin\u0103torul financiar al lui Carter, … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":98654,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[4748,9706,242,145,20013,7239,4045,385,20012,4999,9794,3595,315,11311,5403,583,186,453,20014,2639,2250],"class_list":["post-98653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicina","tag-arheolog","tag-bacterii","tag-blestem","tag-boli","tag-cazimir-al-iv-lea","tag-celule","tag-ciuperca","tag-faraon","tag-howard-carter","tag-medicamente","tag-medicina","tag-molecule","tag-mormant","tag-mucegai","tag-pennsylvania","tag-polonia","tag-proteine","tag-rege","tag-ribozomi","tag-tutankhamon","tag-universitate","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nOamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au descoperit c\u0103 o ciuperc\u0103 toxic\u0103 g\u0103sit\u0103 \u00een morm\u00e2ntul faraonului Tutankhamon - mult timp acuzat\u0103 de a\u0219a-numitul "blestem al faraonului" - produce compu\u0219i puternici care pot ucide celulele canceroase - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/oamenii-de-stiinta-au-descoperit-ca-o-ciuperca-toxica-gasita-in-mormantul-faraonului-tutankhamon-mult-timp-acuzata-de-asa-numitul-blestem-al-faraonului-produce-compusi-puternici-care-pot-ucide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au descoperit c\u0103 o ciuperc\u0103 toxic\u0103 g\u0103sit\u0103 \u00een morm\u00e2ntul faraonului Tutankhamon - mult timp acuzat\u0103 de a\u0219a-numitul "blestem al faraonului" - produce compu\u0219i puternici care pot ucide celulele canceroase\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen noiembrie 1922, arheologul Howard Carter a privit printr-o mic\u0103 gaur\u0103 \u00een morm\u00e2ntul sigilat al faraonului Tutankhamon. 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