{"id":98113,"date":"2025-06-03T16:23:54","date_gmt":"2025-06-03T13:23:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=98113"},"modified":"2025-06-03T16:23:54","modified_gmt":"2025-06-03T13:23:54","slug":"ceva-ciudat-a-luminat-in-rosu-o-parte-a-universului-timp-de-40-de-zile-oamenii-de-stiinta-inca-nu-stiu-ce-a-fost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/ceva-ciudat-a-luminat-in-rosu-o-parte-a-universului-timp-de-40-de-zile-oamenii-de-stiinta-inca-nu-stiu-ce-a-fost\/","title":{"rendered":"Ceva ciudat a luminat \u00een ro\u015fu o parte a Universului, timp de 40 de zile. Oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 nu \u0219tiu ce-a fost…"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Pe 21 octombrie 2024, satelitul chinez Einstein Probe<\/strong> a \u00eenregistrat ceva la care nimeni nu se a\u0219tepta. Dintr-o zon\u0103 lini\u0219tit\u0103 de cer, o explozie brusc\u0103 de raze X a ap\u0103rut \u00een c\u00e2mpul vizual. A durat pu\u021bin peste 90 de secunde. Dar ceea ce a urmat \u00een urm\u0103toarele 40 de zile i-a l\u0103sat pe astronomi cu greut\u0103\u021bi \u00een a explica ceea ce fuseser\u0103 martori. Semnalul, cunoscut acum sub numele de EP241021a<\/span>, a devenit unul dintre cele mai derutante evenimente observate \u00een astrofizica modern\u0103 a energiilor \u00eenalte.<\/p>\n

Explozia ini\u021bial\u0103 a atins luminozit\u0103\u021bi care dep\u0103\u0219eau de o sut\u0103 de mii de trilioane de ori mai mari dec\u00e2t puterea Soarelui. S-a desf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een banda de raze X de 0,5\u20134 keV \u0219i a fost at\u00e2t de puternic\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t a rivalizat pentru scurt timp cu exploziile de raze gamma, \u00een ciuda faptului c\u0103 nu a fost detectat\u0103 nicio emisie de raze gamma. Aceast\u0103 absen\u021b\u0103 a razelor gamma de \u00eenalt\u0103 energie avea s\u0103 se dovedeasc\u0103 a fi doar prima dintr-o serie de anomalii.<\/p>\n

Aproximativ o zi \u0219i jum\u0103tate mai t\u00e2rziu, observa\u021biile ulterioare cu raze X au constatat c\u0103 sursa se estompase cu un factor de peste o mie. Apoi, \u00een mod nea\u0219teptat, a r\u0103mas stabil\u0103 timp de aproape o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00eentr-o faz\u0103 de platou, \u00eenainte de a se estompa din nou \u00een urm\u0103toarea lun\u0103. Toate observa\u021biile au fost \u00een concordan\u021b\u0103 cu acela\u0219i spectru de raze X. Apoi a disp\u0103rut complet. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ziua 89, disp\u0103ruse din c\u00e2mpul vizual chiar \u0219i al celor mai sensibile telescoape cu raze X. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u0219te durata, EP241021a este considerat\u0103 acum cea mai lung\u0103 tranzi\u021bie rapid\u0103 de raze X observat\u0103 vreodat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Misterul s-a ad\u00e2ncit c\u00e2nd telescoapele terestre au \u00eenceput s\u0103 caute echivalen\u0163e \u00een lumina vizibil\u0103. \u00cen decurs de 2 zile de la declan\u0219area ini\u021bial\u0103, o surs\u0103 optic\u0103 a fost confirmat\u0103. Apoi, dup\u0103 6 zile, s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat ceva ciudat: lumina optic\u0103 a \u00eenceput s\u0103 creasc\u0103. \u00cen decurs de 2 zile, a atins o magnitudine absolut\u0103 de -21,5. \u00cen termeni de energie, aceasta era echivalent\u0103 cu sute de milioane de sori str\u0103lucind simultan. Apoi a sc\u0103zut brusc. S\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni mai t\u00e2rziu, o alt\u0103 str\u0103lucire mai slab\u0103 a fost detectat\u0103 \u00een acela\u0219i loc. \u0218i aceasta a sc\u0103zut brusc \u0219i a disp\u0103rut.<\/p>\n

Spre deosebire de majoritatea evenimentelor optice asociate cu tranzien\u021bii explozivi, aceast\u0103 surs\u0103 a prezentat o culoare ro\u0219ie persistent\u0103. Pe parcursul a 40 de zile de observare, tonul ro\u0219u a r\u0103mas. Acest comportament nu este tipic supernovelor sau luminilor optice ulterioare exploziilor de raze gamma. \u00cen aceste cazuri, profilul de culoare evolueaz\u0103 de obicei \u00een timp; EP241021a nu a urmat aceast\u0103 cale.<\/p>\n

La pu\u021bin peste o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 dup\u0103 bli\u021bul ini\u021bial de raze X, radiotelescoapele au recep\u021bionat \u0219i ele semnale de la loca\u021bie. Datele au relevat o postluminen\u021b\u0103 radio \u00eent\u00e2rziat\u0103, dar luminoas\u0103, ating\u00e2nd un v\u00e2rf de aproximativ 10 gigaher\u021bi. \u00cen urm\u0103toarele dou\u0103 luni, semnalul a r\u0103mas puternic, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce frecven\u021ba de v\u00e2rf s-a deplasat \u00een jos, spre 2 gigaher\u021bi. P\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul campaniei de monitorizare, semnalul radio era \u00een sc\u0103dere, dar \u00eenc\u0103 vizibil. Aceast\u0103 persisten\u021b\u0103 pe lungimi de und\u0103 multiple sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103, indiferent ce a cauzat explozia, a declan\u0219at un flux de material, poten\u021bial la viteze relativiste.<\/p>\n

\u00cencerc\u0103rile de identificare a galaxiei-gazd\u0103 au dus la complica\u021bii suplimentare. Analiza spectroscopic\u0103 cu telescopul Keck<\/span> a descoperit linii de emisie \u00eenguste care indic\u0103 o deplasare spre ro\u0219u de 0,748. Aceasta plaseaz\u0103 galaxia la peste 7 miliarde de ani-lumin\u0103 distan\u021b\u0103. Gazda pare a fi slab vizibil\u0103, cu o activitate moderat\u0103 de formare a stelelor. Nu au fost prezente semne evidente ale unui nucleu galactic activ, de\u0219i raporturile liniilor de emisie ar putea permite un anumit nivel de activitate ascuns\u0103. Aceast\u0103 distan\u021b\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, face ca orice caracteristici asociate ale supernovei s\u0103 fie mult mai dificil de detectat \u0219i, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, niciuna nu a fost identificat\u0103 clar \u00een spectrele optice ulterioare.<\/p>\n

Au fost propuse mai multe ipoteze. Un model sugereaz\u0103 o explozie e\u0219uat\u0103 de raze gamma<\/span>, \u00een care se formeaz\u0103 un jet \u00een timpul colapsului unei stele masive, dar nu reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 scape de \u00eenveli\u0219ul stelar \u00eenconjur\u0103tor. \u00cen astfel de cazuri, energia se poate scurge mai lent, produc\u00e2nd semnale de raze X \u0219i optice f\u0103r\u0103 bli\u021bul de raze gamma \u00eenso\u021bitor. Acest lucru a fost folosit pentru a explica o serie de evenimente anterioare ale Sondei Einstein, dar acele evenimente au ar\u0103tat \u0219i semne de supernove; EP241021a nu prezint\u0103 acest lucru.<\/p>\n

O alt\u0103 explica\u021bie indic\u0103 un magnetar<\/span> nou-n\u0103scut – o stea neutronic\u0103 puternic magnetizat\u0103 format\u0103 \u00een urma fuziunii unei stele neutronice binare sau a colapsului unei pitice albe. Ideea este c\u0103 un astfel de obiect ar putea pompa continuu energie \u00een mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, provoc\u00e2nd emisie extins\u0103 pe mai multe lungimi de und\u0103. Acest lucru ar putea explica platoul prelungit de raze X \u0219i reluminizarea optic\u0103 t\u00e2rzie. Cu toate acestea, viteza ejec\u021biilor dedus\u0103 din datele optice pare prea mare pentru fluxurile tipice conduse de magnetar, cu excep\u021bia cazului \u00een care sistemul a fost neobi\u0219nuit de lipsit de mas\u0103 \u0219i compact.<\/p>\n

S-ar putea fi vorba \u015fi de o stea care este sf\u00e2\u0219iat\u0103 de o gaur\u0103 neagr\u0103<\/span>. EP241021a nu se comport\u0103 ca perturb\u0103rile tipice de acest tip, care tind s\u0103 apar\u0103 \u00een apropierea g\u0103urilor negre supermasive \u0219i produc spectre de raze X mai slabe pe intervale de timp mai lungi. \u00cens\u0103 ideea unei perturb\u0103ri cauzate de o gaur\u0103 neagr\u0103 cu mas\u0103 intermediar\u0103 – \u00eenc\u0103 o categorie \u00een mare parte teoretic\u0103 – a c\u00e2\u0219tigat oarecare popularitate. Datele, \u00eens\u0103, nu se aliniaz\u0103 perfect nici cu acest scenariu.<\/p>\n

Poate cea mai interesant\u0103 idee discutat\u0103 este cea a unui jet extrem de structurat observat la un unghi \u00een afara axei<\/span>. \u00cen acest model, miezul jetului nu este direct vizibil, dar marginile sale – mai lente, mai slabe \u0219i mai largi – produc emisia observat\u0103. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce jetul evolueaz\u0103, diferite regiuni intr\u0103 \u00een linia vizual\u0103 a observatorului, provoc\u00e2nd fluctua\u021bii ale curbelor de lumin\u0103 pe diferite benzi. Acest lucru ar putea explica reluminizarea, spectrul radio \u00een schimbare \u0219i nepotrivirea dintre semn\u0103turile de raze gamma a\u0219teptate \u0219i cele observate. Cu toate acestea, o astfel de configura\u021bie ar necesita unghiuri de vizualizare \u0219i structuri de jet foarte specifice, care nu sunt \u00eenc\u0103 bine \u00een\u021belese.<\/p>\n

Ceea ce face ca EP241021a s\u0103 fie at\u00e2t de remarcabil este faptul c\u0103 niciunul dintre modelele propuse nu se potrive\u0219te pe deplin. Fiecare ia \u00een considerare unele caracteristici, dar las\u0103 altele neexplicate. Evenimentul sfideaz\u0103 sistemele obi\u0219nuite de clasificare. Nu se comport\u0103 ca o explozie de raze gamma, un v\u00e2nt magnetar, un jet sttructurat, o perturbare din jurul unei g\u0103uri negre sau o supernov\u0103. \u00cen schimb, prezint\u0103 un amestec al tuturor acestora, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu propriet\u0103\u021bi care pur \u0219i simplu nu sunt prezise de modelele actuale.<\/p>\n

Indiferent de adev\u0103rata sa origine, EP241021a a dezv\u0103luit existen\u021ba unui nou tip de explozie cereasc\u0103. A demonstrat c\u0103 Universul \u00eenc\u0103 ascunde evenimente de o putere uluitoare, care nu se \u00eencadreaz\u0103 \u00een categoriile cunoscute.<\/p>\n

Sursa<\/strong>: studiul \u015ftiin\u0163ific „EP241021a: a months-duration X-ray transient with luminous optical and radio emission” \/ arxiv.org<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pe 21 octombrie 2024, satelitul chinez Einstein Probe a \u00eenregistrat ceva la care nimeni nu se a\u0219tepta. Dintr-o zon\u0103 lini\u0219tit\u0103 de cer, o explozie brusc\u0103 de raze X a ap\u0103rut \u00een c\u00e2mpul vizual. A durat pu\u021bin peste 90 de secunde. … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":98118,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11039],"tags":[7396,102,433,596,952,3442,2467,3348,1231,600,865,3443,2988,3175,2317,434],"class_list":["post-98113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomie","tag-astronomi","tag-astronomie","tag-galaxie","tag-gaura-neagra","tag-lumina","tag-magnetar","tag-raze-gamma","tag-raze-x","tag-rosu","tag-satelit","tag-soare","tag-stea-neutronica","tag-stea-pitica-alba","tag-stele","tag-supernova","tag-telescop","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nCeva ciudat a luminat \u00een ro\u015fu o parte a Universului, timp de 40 de zile. 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