{"id":95618,"date":"2024-11-22T11:16:24","date_gmt":"2024-11-22T09:16:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=95618"},"modified":"2024-11-22T11:16:24","modified_gmt":"2024-11-22T09:16:24","slug":"exista-un-plan-radical-de-a-construi-o-nava-spatiala-uriasa-care-va-transporta-oameni-timp-de-cateva-generatii-pe-o-exoplaneta-din-alt-sistem-solar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/exista-un-plan-radical-de-a-construi-o-nava-spatiala-uriasa-care-va-transporta-oameni-timp-de-cateva-generatii-pe-o-exoplaneta-din-alt-sistem-solar\/","title":{"rendered":"Exist\u0103 un plan radical de a construi o nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 uria\u0219\u0103, care va transporta oameni timp de c\u00e2teva genera\u021bii, pe o exoplanet\u0103 din alt sistem solar"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Imagine<\/strong>: pixabay.com<\/strong> (Commons Creative – free)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Visul de a traversa ad\u00e2ncurile spa\u021biului cosmic \u0219i de a planta s\u0103m\u00e2n\u021ba civiliza\u021biei umane pe o alt\u0103 planet\u0103 exist\u0103 de genera\u021bii. Din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103, exist\u0103 un plan radical de a construi o nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 care poate transporta oameni timp de mai multe genera\u021bii. Scopul: ajungerea la o alt\u0103 planet\u0103 locuibil\u0103 pentru oameni \u0219i \u00eenceperea unei noi genera\u021bii de la zero.<\/p>\n

Pe 1 noiembrie 2024, Proiectul Hyperion<\/strong> a lansat o competi\u021bie de proiectare pentru c\u0103l\u0103torii interstelare cu echipaj uman, folosind nave spa\u0163iale care s-ar baza pe tehnologiile actuale \u0219i viitoare. Competi\u021bia este deschis\u0103 publicului \u0219i va acorda \u015fi premii pentru concepte inovatoare. Proiectul Hyperion este o echip\u0103 interdisciplinar\u0103 interna\u021bional\u0103 format\u0103 din arhitec\u021bi, ingineri, antropologi \u0219i urbani\u0219ti. Mul\u021bi dintre ei au lucrat cu agen\u021bii \u0219i institute precum NASA<\/strong>, ESA<\/strong> \u0219i Massachusetts Institute of Technology<\/strong> (MIT). Competi\u021bia lor este sponsorizat\u0103 de Initiative for Interstellar Studies<\/strong> (i4is<\/strong>), o organiza\u021bie non-profit din Marea Britanie, dedicat\u0103 cercet\u0103rii explor\u0103rii robotice \u0219i umane \u0219i pentru colonizarea exoplanetor din jurul stelelor aflate \u00een apropierea P\u0103m\u00e2ntului.<\/p>\n

Pentru competi\u021bie, trebuie s\u0103 se respecte urm\u0103toarele condi\u0163ii \u00een proiectarea unei nave spa\u0163iale:
\n* Durata misiunii ipotetice trebuie s\u0103 fie de 250 de ani p\u0103m\u00e2nteni de la lansare p\u00e2n\u0103 la sosirea la destina\u021bie;
\n* Destina\u021bia \u021bint\u0103 este o planet\u0103 st\u00e2ncoas\u0103 cu un ecosistem artificial creat de o sond\u0103 precursoare;
\n* Nava spa\u0163ial\u0103 va genera gravita\u021bia echivalent\u0103 a P\u0103m\u00e2ntului prin rota\u021bie;
\n* Habitatul va oferi condi\u021bii atmosferice similare cu cele ale P\u0103m\u00e2ntului;
\n* Habitatul trebuie s\u0103-\u0219i protejeze locuitorii de radia\u021bii \u0219i posibile impacturi;
\n* Nava ar trebui s\u0103 poat\u0103 g\u0103zdui 1000 +-500 de persoane pe toat\u0103 durata c\u0103l\u0103toriei.<\/p>\n

De\u0219i ideea unei nave interstelare dateaz\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul erei spa\u021biale, interesul pentru acest domeniu a crescut considerabil \u00een ultimele dou\u0103 decenii. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 \u00een mare parte exploziei recente a num\u0103rului de exoplanete cunoscute din galaxia noastr\u0103, care se ridic\u0103 \u00een prezent la 5.787 de planete confirmate \u00een 4.325 de sisteme stelare. Dar, trimiterea de nave spa\u0163iale cu echipaj uman c\u0103tre alte sisteme stelare, cu destui pasageri pentru a se stabili pe o alt\u0103 planet\u0103, este mult mai dificil\u0103. O nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 care folose\u0219te metode de propulsie cunoscute sau viabile din punct de vedere tehnic ar costa \u00eentre 1 miliard de euro \u0219i 81 de miliarde de euro \u015fi ar fi nevoie \u00eentre 1.000 \u0219i 81.000 de ani pentru a ajunge chiar \u0219i la cea mai apropiat\u0103 stea (Proxima Centauri<\/strong>). De\u0219i unele concepte avansate, cum ar fi Proiectul Orion<\/strong>, Daedalus<\/strong> \u0219i Icarus<\/strong> ar putea ajunge, teoretic, la Proxima Centauri \u00een 36 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 85 de ani, costurile \u0219i ingineria tehnic\u0103 necesar\u0103 sunt prohibitive.<\/p>\n

Alternativa ar fi construirea de nave spa\u0163iale „genera\u0163ionale” pentru o c\u0103l\u0103torie lung\u0103, care poate dura secole sau chiar milenii. Acest lucru necesit\u0103 o nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 suficient de mare pentru a g\u0103zdui sute (sau mii) de oameni de-a lungul mai multor genera\u021bii. Pentru a economisi spa\u021biu \u0219i a reduce masa de depozitare, echipajele vor trebui s\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i cultive o mare parte din hran\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 se bazeze pe sisteme de sus\u021binere a vie\u021bii de natur\u0103 bioregenerativ\u0103. Pe scurt, nava ar trebui s\u0103 se sus\u0163in\u0103 singur\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t pasagerii s\u0103 poat\u0103 duce o via\u021b\u0103 confortabil\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103n\u0103toas\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 vor ajunge la destina\u021bie.<\/p>\n

Prima descriere cunoscut\u0103 a unei nave spa\u0163iale „genera\u021bionale” a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 de inginerul de rachete Robert H. Goddard<\/strong>, unul dintre str\u0103mo\u0219ii rachetei moderne. \u00cen eseul s\u0103u din 1918, „Migra\u021bia suprem\u0103”<\/em><\/strong>, el descrie o „arc\u0103 interstelar\u0103” care va p\u0103r\u0103si sistemul solar \u00een viitorul \u00eendep\u0103rtat, dup\u0103 ce Soarele a ajuns la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul ciclului s\u0103u de via\u021b\u0103. Pasagerii ar fi \u00eenghe\u021ba\u021bi criogenic sau \u00eentr-o stare de anima\u0163ie suspendat\u0103 pentru o mare parte a c\u0103l\u0103toriei, cu excep\u021bia pilotului, care ar fi trezit periodic pentru a conduce nava. Goddard a recomandat ca nava s\u0103 fie alimentat\u0103 cu energie atomic\u0103 dac\u0103 tehnologia va deveni realitate. Dac\u0103 nu, o combina\u021bie de hidrogen, oxigen \u0219i energie solar\u0103 ar fi suficient\u0103. Goddard a calculat c\u0103 aceste surse de energie ar permite navei s\u0103 ating\u0103 viteze de 4,8 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 16 km\/s .<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1928, faimosul cercet\u0103tor \u0219i cosmolog rus Konstantin E. Tsiolkovski<\/strong>, a scris un eseu intitulat „Viitorul P\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u0219i al umanit\u0103\u021bii”<\/em><\/strong> \u00een care descria \u015fi el o „arc\u0103 a lui Noe” interstelar\u0103. \u00cen versiunea lui Tsiolkovski, nava spa\u021bial\u0103 s-ar putea sus\u0163ine singur\u0103, iar echipajul ar fi treaz \u00een timpul c\u0103l\u0103toriei, care ar dura mii de ani.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1964, omul de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 de la NASA, Dr. Robert Enzmann<\/strong>, a propus cel mai detaliat concept de p\u00e2n\u0103 acum pentru o nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 „genera\u021bional\u0103”, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de „Nava Enzmann”<\/strong>. Aceasta avea 600 de metri lungime, fiind propulsat\u0103 de un propulsor de fuziune care folose\u0219te deuteriu ca \u015fi combustibil. Potrivit lui Enzmann, aceast\u0103 nav\u0103 ar g\u0103zdui un echipaj ini\u021bial de 200 de persoane, cu posibilitatea de extindere de-a lungul c\u0103l\u0103toriei.<\/p>\n

Dar, \u00eentrebarea care se pune este urm\u0103toarea: se va putea realiza acest lucru sau totul va r\u0103m\u00e2ne la stadiul de concept SF?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Visul de a traversa ad\u00e2ncurile spa\u021biului cosmic \u0219i de a planta s\u0103m\u00e2n\u021ba civiliza\u021biei umane pe o alt\u0103 planet\u0103 exist\u0103 de genera\u021bii. Din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103, exist\u0103 un plan radical de a construi o nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 care poate transporta oameni timp de … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":95619,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11039],"tags":[13954,19570,102,2502,5806,11936,4068,19568,10706,433,19569,1367,2635,11307,392,14129,150,1324,57,1692,105,19566,4490,1635,2174,3417,865,733,19567,1840],"class_list":["post-95618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomie","tag-antropologi","tag-arhitecti","tag-astronomie","tag-atmosfera","tag-cosmolog","tag-energie-atomica","tag-energie-solara","tag-enzmann","tag-esa","tag-galaxie","tag-goddard","tag-gravitatie","tag-hidrogen","tag-ingineri","tag-marea-britanie","tag-massachusetts-institute-of-technology","tag-nasa","tag-nava-spatiala","tag-oameni","tag-oxigen","tag-pamant","tag-proiectul-hyperion","tag-proxima-centauri","tag-racheta","tag-sf","tag-sistem-solar","tag-soare","tag-stea","tag-tsiolkovski","tag-viteza","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nExist\u0103 un plan radical de a construi o nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 uria\u0219\u0103, care va transporta oameni timp de c\u00e2teva genera\u021bii, pe o exoplanet\u0103 din alt sistem solar - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/exista-un-plan-radical-de-a-construi-o-nava-spatiala-uriasa-care-va-transporta-oameni-timp-de-cateva-generatii-pe-o-exoplaneta-din-alt-sistem-solar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exist\u0103 un plan radical de a construi o nav\u0103 spa\u021bial\u0103 uria\u0219\u0103, care va transporta oameni timp de c\u00e2teva genera\u021bii, pe o exoplanet\u0103 din alt sistem solar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Visul de a traversa ad\u00e2ncurile spa\u021biului cosmic \u0219i de a planta s\u0103m\u00e2n\u021ba civiliza\u021biei umane pe o alt\u0103 planet\u0103 exist\u0103 de genera\u021bii. 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