{"id":94698,"date":"2024-11-03T21:22:44","date_gmt":"2024-11-03T19:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=94698"},"modified":"2025-02-02T18:03:03","modified_gmt":"2025-02-02T16:03:03","slug":"savantul-roman-ing-george-constantinescu-unul-dintre-cei-mai-mari-inventatori-ai-secolului-xx-alaturi-de-marie-curie-einstein-si-edison","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/savantul-roman-ing-george-constantinescu-unul-dintre-cei-mai-mari-inventatori-ai-secolului-xx-alaturi-de-marie-curie-einstein-si-edison\/","title":{"rendered":"Savantul rom\u00e2n ing. George Constantinescu – unul dintre cei mai mari inventatori ai secolului XX, al\u0103turi de Marie Curie, Einstein \u015fi Edison"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u00cen anul 1926, revista englez\u0103 „The Graphic”<\/em><\/strong> publica, pe o pagin\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103, fotografiile celor mai de seam\u0103 descoperitori \u015fi inventatori ai secolului XX. Aici figurau, printre al\u0163ii, Marie Curie<\/strong>, descoperitoarea radiului, Albert Einstein<\/strong>, creatorul teoriei relativit\u0103\u0163ii, Thomas Edison<\/strong>, marele inventator american, E. Rutherford<\/strong>, fizician atomist de frunte, Orville Wright<\/strong>, pionier al avia\u0163iei etc. Printre ace\u015fti f\u0103uritori ai civiliza\u0163iei moderne se g\u0103sea \u015fi un t\u00e2n\u0103r inginer rom\u00e2n – George Constantinescu<\/strong> (1881-1965). Al\u0103turarea aceasta nu era \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103toare. George Constantinescu nu a fost doar un inventator de o mare multilateralitate (numai brevetele sale de inven\u0163ii din Anglia, publicate de Oficiul Patentelor<\/em>, \u00eensumeaz\u0103 patru volume masive), ci \u015fi un mare savant.<\/p>\n

George Constantinescu face parte din clasa inventatorilor-descoperitori, a marilor creatori ai tehnicii, care au trebuit s\u0103 creeze o \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 nou\u0103 pentru a face posibile inven\u0163iile lor. Marele s\u0103u prestigiu de tehnician de talie mondial\u0103, egalat doar de acela al lui Henri Coand\u0103<\/strong> – creatorul primului avion cu reac\u0163ie din lume – a \u00eenscris pentru totdeauna numele s\u0103u \u00een cartea de aur a tehnicii moderne.<\/p>\n

\u00cenc\u0103 din primele clase de liceu, \u00eel interesau mult motoarele \u015fi de aceea \u00eei pl\u0103cea s\u0103 viziteze atelierele \u015fi fabricile – e drept, foarte pu\u0163ine pe atunci – din Craiova. Uneori, c\u00e2nd lipsea pentru mai mult\u0103 vreme de acas\u0103, putea fi \u00eent\u00e2lnit la gar\u0103, observa mersul locomotivelor \u015fi punea tot felul de \u00eentreb\u0103ri mecanicilor despre func\u0163ionarea lor. S\u0103 nu uit\u0103m c\u0103 prin 1892-1897, dezvoltarea re\u0163elei de c\u0103i ferate era \u00een plin av\u00e2nt \u00een \u0163ara noastr\u0103.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 terminarea liceului \u00een anul 1899, a venit \u00een Bucure\u015fti. Ingineria \u00eel pasiona \u015fi s-a hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 se \u00eenscrie la \u015ecoala de Poduri \u015fi \u015eosele<\/strong>, institu\u0163ie de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2nt tehnic superior cu un excelent corp profesoral. De\u015fi studiul tehnic \u00eei ocupa cea mai mare parte din timp, nu uita nici de exerci\u0163iile muzicale; pianina gazdei la care locuia \u00een Bucure\u015fti \u00eei prilejuia lungi ore de desf\u0103tare. El voia s\u0103 rezolve problema armoniei muzicale pe cale matematic\u0103, redact\u00e2nd prima sa lucrare pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103: „Teoria matematic\u0103 a acordurilor muzicale”<\/em>. Aceast\u0103 lucrare a fost \u00eenceputul unui \u00eentreg \u015fir de studii riguroase asupra vibra\u0163iilor, problem\u0103 care avea s\u0103 preocupe pe t\u00e2n\u0103rul inginer tot restul vie\u0163ii sale.<\/p>\n

Undele care pleac\u0103 de la o surs\u0103 sonor\u0103 se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndesc \u00een spa\u0163iu ca unde sferice. Avem de-a face cu emisiune de energie sonic\u0103; bine\u00een\u0163eles, cea mai mare parte a ei se pierde, energia ce se capteaz\u0103 dintr-un punct reprezent\u00e2nd o parte ne\u00eensemnat\u0103 din energia total\u0103 radiat\u0103. Cu totul altfel se petrec lucrurile dac\u0103 energia se transmite prin vibra\u021bii \u00een lichid. Transmisia energiei prin vibra\u0163ii intr-un mediu elastic se realizeaz\u0103 astfel: la cap\u0103tul unei conducte pline cu ap\u0103 se produc vibra\u0163ii, apa din conduct\u0103 servind ca mediu de transmisie; la cap\u0103tul cel\u0103lalt, vibra\u0163ia este transformat\u0103 din nou \u00een energie mecanic\u0103. Acesta este principiul de la care a pornit George Constantinescu \u00een crearea transmisiei sonice<\/strong> \u015fi, odat\u0103 cu aceasta, a \u015ftiin\u0163ei sonice.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1904, c\u00e2nd a terminat primul \u00een promo\u0163ia sa, \u015ecoala de Poduri \u015fi \u015eosele, George Constantinescu avea 23 de ani. Profesorul s\u0103u, marele inginer constructor Elie Radu<\/strong>, l-a angajat la un serviciu aflat sub conducerea sa la Ministerul Lucr\u0103rilor Publice. T\u00e2n\u0103rul inginer a r\u0103spl\u0103tit din plin \u00eencrederea ce-i fusese ar\u0103tat\u0103. Anii ce au urmat au fost pentru George Constantinescu ani de mari \u00eenf\u0103ptuiri tehnice, \u00een care crea\u0163ia lui s-a desf\u0103\u015furat cu o puternic\u0103 originalitate. \u00cen ace\u015fti ani, dezvoltarea utiliz\u0103rii betonului armat, material de baz\u0103 al tehnicii moderne – trecea printr-o perioad\u0103 dificil\u0103. O serie de mari construc\u0163ii din beton armat se pr\u0103bu\u015fiser\u0103, datorit\u0103 unor defecte de construc\u0163ie, cum s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu podul de la Expozi\u0163ia Universal\u0103 din Paris, cu hotelul „Ursul negru” din Elve\u0163ia \u015fi cu un model de bolt\u0103 de la Praga. Pe de alt\u0103 parte, marile firme metalurgice f\u0103ceau o intens\u0103 propagand\u0103 pentru a impune la marile lucr\u0103ri inginere\u015fti exclusiv otelul, ale c\u0103rui efecte spectaculoase uluiser\u0103 lumea \u00eentreag\u0103. \u00censu\u015fi Anghel Saligny, un tinere\u0163e pionier al betonului armat \u00eencepuse s\u0103 \u015fov\u0103ie.<\/p>\n

De\u015fi foarte t\u00e2n\u0103r, George Constantinescu a c\u0103utat s\u0103 demonstreze \u00een practic\u0103 valoarea betonului armat. A f\u0103cut-o \u00een mod str\u0103lucit, prin c\u00e2teva construc\u0163ii care au f\u0103cut epoc\u0103 \u00een tehnica noastr\u0103. S\u0103 men\u0163ion\u0103m, dintre acestea, a\u015fa-zisul „Pod peste vid”<\/em> din Parcul Libert\u0103\u0163ii din Capital\u0103 (primul pod realizat la noi cu cadre de beton armat), precum \u015fi poduri de beton armat cu deschideri mari (de 40-60 metri) la Adjud, R\u0103c\u0103t\u0103u, Roman, Lainici, Dolhasca. \u00cenf\u0103ptuirile t\u00e2n\u0103rului inginer rom\u00e2n umplu de m\u00e2ndrie pe tehnicienii clarv\u0103z\u0103tori ai \u021b\u0103rii noastre. Dar Consiliul tehnic superior, chemat s\u0103 sprijine introducerea progresului tehnic, \u00eei respinge propunerile de generalizare a construc\u0163iei podurilor din beton armat. C\u00e2t despre ideile sale privitoare la utilizarea undelor sonore \u00een tehnic\u0103, ele nu g\u0103sesc ecou \u00een cercurile oficiale. A\u015fa se explic\u0103 faptul c\u0103, dup\u0103 multe ezit\u0103ri se hot\u0103r\u0103\u015fte s\u0103 plece din \u0163ar\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 \u00een Anglia.<\/p>\n

La inceput a dus-o foarte greu \u015fi acolo. Abia dup\u0103 ani \u015fi ani, talentul s\u0103u tehnic s-a impus, G. Constantinescu devenind unul din cei mai aprecia\u0163i exper\u0163i tehnici din Marea Britanie. \u015ei astfel, a ajuns s\u0103 creeze, \u00een deplin\u0103tatea ei, teoria sonicit\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi a elaborat un mare num\u0103r de inven\u0163ii. Transmisia sonic\u0103 st\u0103 la baza numeroaselor ma\u015fini \u015fi dispozitive create de G. Constantinescu (generatoare, motoare, pompe, transformatoare, ciocane, perforatoare, convertizoare etc.). Exist\u0103, de asemenea, instala\u0163ii sonice pentru turn\u0103torii, pentru prospectarea bog\u0103\u0163iilor subsolului, chiar \u015fi pentru producerea c\u0103ldurii pe baza „efectului sonocaloric”<\/em>. Au fost construite automobile \u015fi locomotive bazate pe transmisia sonic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cartea \u00een care G. Constantinescu \u00ee\u015fi expune ideile este „Teoria Sonicit\u0103\u0163ii”<\/em><\/strong> (ap\u0103rut\u0103 \u00een limba englez\u0103, \u00een anul 1918, la Londra). La mai bine de 4 decenii de la apari\u0163ia ei, \u00een 1959, pre\u015fedintele „Societ\u0103\u0163ii Inginerilor”<\/em> din Anglia o numea „o lucrare de-a dreptul fascinant\u0103”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

La 4 octombrie 1961, aniversarea a 80 de ani ai lui G. Constantinescu a fost s\u0103rb\u0103torit\u0103 \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103, cu participarea inventatorului. \u00cen cinstea sa, Academia a organizat o \u015fedin\u0163\u0103 omagial\u0103, iar Institutul Politehnic din Bucure\u015fti i-a acordat titlul de „doctor honoris causa”<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen anul 1926, revista englez\u0103 „The Graphic” publica, pe o pagin\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103, fotografiile celor mai de seam\u0103 descoperitori \u015fi inventatori ai secolului XX. Aici figurau, printre al\u0163ii, Marie Curie, descoperitoarea radiului, Albert Einstein, creatorul teoriei relativit\u0103\u0163ii, Thomas Edison, marele inventator … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":94699,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19734],"tags":[9504,19448,120,601,762,3322,827,3268,219,610,113,66,5817,2048,9778,19449,5380,4609,2290,10158,392,2632,1722,1510,836,1712,849,2364,432,19736,4101,9486],"class_list":["post-94698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-romani-celebri","tag-adjud","tag-anghel-saligny","tag-anglia","tag-apa","tag-avion","tag-beton","tag-bucuresti","tag-craiova","tag-edison","tag-einstein","tag-elvetia","tag-energie","tag-fabrica","tag-fizician","tag-generator","tag-george-constantinescu","tag-henri-coanda","tag-inginer","tag-inventator","tag-locomotiva","tag-marea-britanie","tag-marie-curie","tag-matematica","tag-motor","tag-paris","tag-pompa","tag-praga","tag-revista","tag-roman","tag-romani-celebri","tag-sunet","tag-vibratii","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nSavantul rom\u00e2n ing. 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