{"id":92871,"date":"2024-08-26T11:23:00","date_gmt":"2024-08-26T08:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=92871"},"modified":"2024-08-26T11:23:29","modified_gmt":"2024-08-26T08:23:29","slug":"apocalipsa-insectelor-a-inceput-insectele-au-scazut-cu-peste-75-in-ultimii-30-de-ani-consecintele-vor-fi-devastatoare-pentru-oameni-si-productia-agricola","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/apocalipsa-insectelor-a-inceput-insectele-au-scazut-cu-peste-75-in-ultimii-30-de-ani-consecintele-vor-fi-devastatoare-pentru-oameni-si-productia-agricola\/","title":{"rendered":"„Apocalipsa insectelor” a \u00eenceput: insectele au sc\u0103zut cu peste 75% \u00een ultimii 30 de ani! Consecin\u0163ele vor fi devastatoare pentru oameni \u015fi produc\u0163ia agricol\u0103…"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Imagine:<\/strong> pixabay.com<\/strong><\/a> (Commons Creative – free)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Un studiu \u0219tiin\u021bific din 2017 ne prezenta pericolul: se constata sc\u0103deri „dramatice” \u0219i „alarmante” ale popula\u021biilor de insecte din zonele din Germania, despre care cercet\u0103torii spun c\u0103 ar putea avea consecin\u021be de amploare asupra produc\u021biei de plante din lume \u0219i a ecosistemelor naturale. Studiul, publicat \u00een jurnalul PLOS One<\/em><\/strong>, descoperea c\u0103, \u00een rezerva\u021biile naturale germane, popula\u021biile de insecte zbur\u0103toare au sc\u0103zut cu peste 75% pe durata studiului de 27 de ani.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd eram la gr\u0103dini\u021b\u0103, lunile aprilie, mai \u015fi septembrie constituiau o perioad\u0103 magic\u0103. \u00cen timp ce educatorii ne l\u0103sau s\u0103 ie\u0219im din clas\u0103 pentru recreere, mergeam spre locul de joac\u0103, s\u0103rind \u00een aer, \u0163op\u0103ind, \u021bin\u00e2ndu-ne m\u00e2inile \u00eempreun\u0103 \u015fi \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 prindem perechile de insecte negre \u0219i ro\u0219ii care erau din abunden\u0163\u0103 \u00een jurul nostru. To\u0163i \u00eens\u0103 am observat: \u00een ultimii ani, parc\u0103 sunt din ce \u00een ce mai pu\u0163ine insecte. De parc\u0103 ar fi disp\u0103rut, treptat, \u00eentr-o gaur\u0103 neagr\u0103. Pe tot globul, popula\u021biile de insecte au sc\u0103zut brusc, provoc\u00e2nd consecin\u021be majore pentru ecosistemele globale \u0219i re\u021belele alimentare.<\/p>\n

Se pare c\u0103 insectele dispar de 8 ori mai repede dec\u00e2t mamiferele, p\u0103s\u0103rile sau reptilele. Dave Goulson, profesor de biologie la Universitatea Sussex, este o autoritate mondial\u0103 de top \u00een domeniul declinului insectelor. Cartea sa „Silent Earth: Averting the Insect Apocalypse”<\/strong><\/em>, descrie pericolele pierderii popula\u021biei de insecte \u0219i evalueaz\u0103 situa\u021bia actual\u0103: „Rata declinului variaz\u0103 geografic \u0219i depinde de grupul de insecte la care te ui\u021bi. Unele dintre cele mai dramatice rate de declin par cu adev\u0103rat alarmante”. <\/em>Este dificil de estimat c\u00e2t de repede mor insectele \u00een diferite habitate, dar oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 accept\u0103 \u00een general c\u0103 insectele scad la nivel global cu aproximativ 1-2% pe an.<\/p>\n

Ecologi\u0219tii nu sunt singurii c\u0103rora le este fric\u0103 de o lume f\u0103r\u0103 insecte. Declinul insectelor va avea cu siguran\u021b\u0103 consecin\u021be dezastruoase, deoarece speciile expuse riscului sunt esen\u021biale pentru sistemele agricole \u0219i ecologice globale. Ele sunt polenizatorii care ne \u00eengrijesc culturile \u0219i pr\u0103d\u0103torii care ne consum\u0103 d\u0103un\u0103torii. Potrivit lui Goulson, dac\u0103 insectele continu\u0103 s\u0103 dispar\u0103 \u00een ritmul actual, oamenii vor sim\u021bi \u00een cur\u00e2nd un impact devastator. Predic\u021bia lui Goulson este sus\u021binut\u0103 de o serie de dovezi care demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 insectele sunt esen\u021biale pentru sistemele alimentare globale. 35% din culturile alimentare ale lumii depind de polenizatori, iar culturile alimentare depind \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 de insecte ca pr\u0103d\u0103tori care elimin\u0103 d\u0103un\u0103torii. Aceste specii – nu numai albinele, ci \u0219i g\u00e2ndacii, mu\u0219tele, g\u0103rg\u0103ri\u021bele \u0219i nenum\u0103rate altele – sunt fundamentale pentru produc\u021bia de alimente. Dac\u0103 declinul insectelor continu\u0103, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 sunt de acord c\u0103 va fi aproape imposibil s\u0103 se produc\u0103 suficiente recolte pentru a hr\u0103ni popula\u021bia lumii.<\/p>\n

Lan\u021burile de produc\u021bie agricol\u0103 resimt deja efectele pierderii insectelor. Peste tot \u00een lume, fermierii caut\u0103 solu\u021bii pentru sc\u0103derea randamentelor culturilor cauzate de lipsa poleniz\u0103rii. \u00centr-un caz, declinul albinelor i-a for\u021bat pe fermierii din provincia Sichuan din China s\u0103-\u0219i polenizeze livezile de meri \u00een mod manual, folosind pene de p\u0103s\u0103ri, pentru a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndi polenul de la un copac la altul. Polenizarea manual\u0103 este mult mai costisitoare, dar devine din ce \u00een ce mai necesar\u0103 pentru fermierii din \u00eentreaga lume.<\/p>\n

Pierderea insectelor nu va afecta numai dieta oamenilor. Insectele sunt pietrele de temelie ale nenum\u0103ratelor re\u021bele trofice, fiind prada principal\u0103 a multor reptile, p\u0103s\u0103ri \u0219i amfibieni. Interac\u021biunile dintre insecte \u0219i pr\u0103d\u0103torii lor sunt at\u00e2t de complexe \u00eenc\u00e2t oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 nu le pot identifica cu precizie. Asta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 odat\u0103 ce vor disp\u0103rea suficiente specii esen\u021biale, vom sim\u021bi consecin\u021bele.<\/p>\n

Importan\u021ba insectelor \u00een lan\u021burile de produc\u021bie mondiale \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 pierderea lor va avea probabil efecte complexe \u00een aval. Declinul insectelor ar putea transforma radical peisajul geopolitic. \u00cen locurile \u00een care nu exist\u0103 insecte, va fi mai pu\u021bin\u0103 hran\u0103. C\u00e2nd oamenii nu mai au ce m\u00e2nca, vor migra. \u0218i atunci c\u00e2nd migreaz\u0103, oamenii din alte \u021b\u0103ri vor sim\u021bi efectele.<\/p>\n

Pierderea insectelor va avea multe consecin\u021be dezastruoase, dar nu va elimina \u0219i \u021b\u00e2n\u021barii, c\u0103pu\u0219ele \u0219i alte insecte care sunt iritante sau periculoase pentru oameni. \u00cen mod ironic, insectele care ne devasteaz\u0103 recoltele sunt preg\u0103tite pentru succes \u00een lumea uman\u0103. Insectele foarte mobile, cu reproducere rapid\u0103, cu un timp de genera\u021bie scurt \u0219i cu capacitatea de a-\u0219i cre\u0219te popula\u021bia foarte rapid, s-au dovedit a fi destul de rezistente. A\u015fadar, o lume a popula\u021biilor de insecte \u00een sc\u0103dere, nu este o lume f\u0103r\u0103 \u021b\u00e2n\u021bari sau l\u0103custe. Va fi o lume f\u0103r\u0103 p\u0103ianjeni, albine, fluturi sau g\u0103rg\u0103ri\u021be, creaturi care ne ajut\u0103 \u00een mod cov\u00e2r\u0219itor \u015fi nu ne r\u0103nesc.<\/p>\n

De ani de zile, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au c\u0103utat un r\u0103spuns precis la misterul declinului insectelor. Sunt insectele distruse de pierderea habitatului sau de schimb\u0103rile climatice? Poluare sau pesticide? \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 au ajuns la o concluzie nefericit\u0103: to\u021bi ace\u0219ti factori determin\u0103 declinul insectelor.<\/p>\n

Surse:
\n<\/strong>1) studiul \u015ftiin\u0163ific „More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas” \/ journals.plos.org<\/strong><\/a>
\n2) cartea „Silent Earth: Averting the Insect Apocalypse” de Dave Goulson \/ amazon.com<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un studiu \u0219tiin\u021bific din 2017 ne prezenta pericolul: se constata sc\u0103deri „dramatice” \u0219i „alarmante” ale popula\u021biilor de insecte din zonele din Germania, despre care cercet\u0103torii spun c\u0103 ar putea avea consecin\u021be de amploare asupra produc\u021biei de plante din lume \u0219i … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":92872,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[879,127,19190,1103,446,16482,1471,203,649,10472,7238,9800,57,10072,653,5129,5130,311,2250],"class_list":["post-92871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natura-animale","tag-albine","tag-alimente","tag-capuse","tag-carte","tag-china","tag-fluturi","tag-gandaci","tag-germania","tag-insecte","tag-lacuste","tag-mamifere","tag-natura-animale","tag-oameni","tag-paianjeni","tag-pasari","tag-polen","tag-polenizare","tag-tantari","tag-universitate","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\n"Apocalipsa insectelor" a \u00eenceput: insectele au sc\u0103zut cu peste 75% \u00een ultimii 30 de ani! 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