{"id":91242,"date":"2024-06-19T11:16:49","date_gmt":"2024-06-19T08:16:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=91242"},"modified":"2024-06-19T11:16:49","modified_gmt":"2024-06-19T08:16:49","slug":"legenda-misterioasa-a-lui-codex-gigas-manuscrisul-medieval-despre-care-se-crede-ca-ar-fi-fost-scris-de-satana-de-ce-imparatul-rudolf-al-ii-lea-era-obsedat-de-aceasta-carte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/legenda-misterioasa-a-lui-codex-gigas-manuscrisul-medieval-despre-care-se-crede-ca-ar-fi-fost-scris-de-satana-de-ce-imparatul-rudolf-al-ii-lea-era-obsedat-de-aceasta-carte\/","title":{"rendered":"Legenda misterioas\u0103 a lui „Codex Gigas”, manuscrisul medieval despre care se crede c\u0103 ar fi fost scris de Satana. De ce \u00eemp\u0103ratul Rudolf al II-lea era obsedat de aceast\u0103 carte?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u00cemp\u0103ratul habsburg Rudolf al II-lea a venit pe lume la 18 iulie 1552. Tat\u0103l s\u0103u a fost Maximilian al II-lea, \u00eemp\u0103rat al Sf.Imperiu Roman, rege al Boemiei, Ungariei \u0219i Croa\u021biei, iar mama sa a fost Maria a Spaniei, fiica \u00eemp\u0103ratului Carol Quintul.<\/p>\n

Rudolf a avut parte de o copil\u0103rie solitar\u0103, marcat\u0103 de lipsa de iubire matern\u0103, care a avut impact asupra form\u0103rii caracterului s\u0103u, f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-l rezervat \u0219i oarecum taciturn, cu episoade de depresie. C\u00e2nd era doar un copil, tat\u0103l s\u0103u a decis s\u0103-l trimit\u0103 la curtea spaniol\u0103, pentru ca el s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi educat pe p\u0103m\u00e2nturile hispanice. Se spune c\u0103 la v\u00e2rsta de 11 ani, Rudolf al II-lea a fost introdus \u00een studiul \u0219tiin\u021bei alchimice \u0219i al ocultismului, pasiuni care nu le-a abandonat niciodat\u0103. La v\u00e2rsta de 24 de ani, Rudolph a fost \u00eencoronat \u00eemp\u0103rat al Sf\u00e2ntului Imperiu Roman.<\/p>\n

Rudolf a fost modelul nobilului luminat al secolului s\u0103u: vorbea perfect 5 limbi, \u0219tia matematic\u0103 \u0219i era pasionat de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103. Avea un gust artistic bine dezvoltat \u0219i a colec\u021bionat picturi de Brueghel cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n \u0219i Correggio. \u00cen 1583, Rudolf al II-lea a surprins pe toat\u0103 lumea c\u00e2nd a decis s\u0103-\u0219i mute curtea de la Viena la Praga.<\/p>\n

Rudolf al II-lea a dat fr\u00e2u liber unei alte pasiuni, aceea de a colec\u021biona rarit\u0103\u021bi, at\u00e2t documente, c\u00e2t \u0219i obiecte. El \u0219i-a propus s\u0103 adune o colec\u021bie a marilor minuni ale lumii \u0219i a celor mai rare obiecte. Colec\u021bia sa includea un presupus corn de unicorn, animale mutante \u00eemp\u0103iate, scheletul unui gigant \u0219i… cea mai ciudat\u0103 pies\u0103 a lui: „Biblia Diavolului”<\/strong>, numit\u0103 \u0219i „Codex Gigas”<\/strong>. O carte monstruoas\u0103 (c\u00e2nt\u0103rea 75 de kilograme) care con\u021bine imaginea lui Lucifer \u0219i avea legenda c\u0103 un c\u0103lug\u0103r a scris-o \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 noapte cu ajutorul lui Satana.<\/p>\n

Codex Gigas \u00eenseamn\u0103 „carte gigantic\u0103”. Chiar a\u015fa este. Acest vechi manuscris medieval pe pergament, creat la \u00eenceputul secolului al XIII-lea \u0219i scris \u00een latin\u0103 probabil de un c\u0103lug\u0103r german, are dimensiuni exagerate: m\u0103soar\u0103 92 \u00d7 50,5 \u00d7 22 centimetri, grosimea sa este de 624 de pagini \u0219i greutatea sa de 75 de kilograme, f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-l cel mai mare manuscris medieval cunoscut.<\/p>\n

Povestea acestei c\u0103r\u021bi, \u00eentre realitate \u0219i legend\u0103, \u00eencepe \u00een m\u0103n\u0103stirea Podlazice (\u00een actuala Republic\u0103 Ceh\u0103), \u00een anul 1230, c\u00e2nd un benedictin condamnat la moarte a promis c\u0103 va scrie o carte \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 noapte pentru a-\u015fi r\u0103scump\u0103ra p\u0103catele. C\u0103lug\u0103rii benedictini erau supranumi\u021bi \u015fi „c\u0103lug\u0103ri negri”, fiind un ordin care aveau jur\u0103minte de castitate, trebuind s\u0103 \u00eendure pedeapsa fizic\u0103, postul, privarea de somn \u0219i autoflagelarea. \u00cen acest regim, un c\u0103lug\u0103r a fost condamnat la moarte pentru c\u0103 \u0219i-a \u00eenc\u0103lcat jur\u0103mintele. Ca pedeaps\u0103 pentru p\u0103catele sale, el urma s\u0103 fie ucis \u00een diminea\u021ba devreme a zilei urm\u0103toare, \u00eentr-un mod brutal, zidit de viu.<\/p>\n

\u00cenal\u021bii ordinului au luat \u00een r\u00e2s propunerea c\u0103lug\u0103rului de a scrie o carte monumental\u0103 \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 noapte, dar au fost totu\u0219i de acord s\u0103-l lase s\u0103 \u00eencerce. C\u0103lug\u0103rul a scris pagin\u0103 cu pagin\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd m\u00e2na i s-a amor\u021bit, f\u0103c\u00e2nd pu\u021bine progrese. Apoi a f\u0103cut un pact cu diavolul: Satana a fost de acord s\u0103 scrie cartea, \u00een schimbul ca el s\u0103 fie desenat pe una dintre paginile c\u0103r\u0163ii, iar acolo s\u0103 fie tip\u0103rit un blestem.<\/p>\n

Dincolo de aceast\u0103 legend\u0103, adev\u0103rul este c\u0103 se \u0219tiu foarte pu\u021bine despre geneza unei c\u0103r\u021bi, care a fost considerat\u0103 o vreme „a opta minune a lumii” datorit\u0103 dimensiunii sale impresionante. Universitatea din Stockholm, ora\u0219ul care g\u0103zduie\u0219te ast\u0103zi aceast\u0103 lucrare, estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 ar fi fost nevoie de 30 de ani pentru a scrie cartea, dac\u0103 ar fi fost realizat\u0103 de o singur\u0103 persoan\u0103, ceea ce este cel mai probabil dat\u0103 fiind uniformitatea stilului ei.<\/p>\n

Cel mai surprinz\u0103tor lucru la carte este colec\u021bia de texte neobi\u0219nuite. „Codex Gigas” con\u021bine Vechiul \u0219i Noul Testament, dou\u0103 lucr\u0103ri de Flavius \u200b\u200b\u200b\u200bJosephus,\u00a0 „Etimologii” de Isidor din Sevilla, manualul standard pentru predarea medicinei \u00een Evul Mediu, cunoscut sub numele de „Ars medicinale”<\/strong> \u015fi altele.<\/p>\n

Cum m\u0103n\u0103stirea avea serioase dificult\u0103\u021bi financiare, benedictinii din Podlazice au v\u00e2ndut manuscrisul cistercienilor din Sedlec, la ordinul episcopului Grigore de Praga. Legenda spunea c\u0103 un blestem \u00eenso\u021bea pe oricine de\u021binea cartea. Dup\u0103 ce au ruinat m\u0103n\u0103stirea benedictin\u0103, noii ei proprietari au suferit \u0219i ei ravagiile legendei. M\u0103n\u0103stirea \u00een care a fost p\u0103strat\u0103 a fost lovit\u0103 de o puternic\u0103 epidemie, posibil ciuma bubonic\u0103. \u00cen compara\u021bie cu „c\u0103lug\u0103rii negri”, cistercienii erau cunoscu\u021bi drept „c\u0103lug\u0103rii albi”; ei au fost cei care au dat cartea \u00eemp\u0103ratului Rudolf al II-lea de Habsburg.<\/p>\n

La curtea extravagantului Rudolf, oameni de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 de calibrul lui Kepler au coexistat cu magicieni, alchimi\u0219ti \u0219i profe\u021bi. Dar chiar \u0219i \u00een acel mediu de magicieni, \u00eemp\u0103ratul a ascuns „Codexul Gigas”, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere reputa\u021bia pe care o avea ca \u015fi carte satanic\u0103. Nici m\u0103car \u00eemp\u0103ratul nu \u0219i-a putut permite zvonul c\u0103 are de-a face cu diavolul.<\/p>\n

Rudolf a fost \u00eenl\u0103turat de pe tronul imperial \u00een 1608. La c\u0103derea lui Rudolf al II-lea, o parte din colec\u021bia sa a fost mutat\u0103 de la Praga la Viena, la fel ca \u015fi curtea \u00eens\u0103\u0219i. Obiectele \u0219i piesele care au r\u0103mas la Praga au fost jefuite \u00een 1648 de trupele suedeze invadatoare \u00een contextul r\u0103zboiului de 30 de ani. \u00cen prada valoroas\u0103, ei au g\u0103sit \u015fi „Codex Gigas”. Solda\u021bii suedezi \u00eempacheteaz\u0103 cartea \u00eentr-un cuf\u0103r gigantic, \u015fi, \u00eentr-o c\u0103l\u0103torie de 1.500 de kilometri, aduc cartea drept cadou monarhului lor din Stockholm, regina Christina, care a ordonat ca „Codex Gigas” s\u0103 fie plasat\u0103 \u00een biblioteca castelului ei.<\/p>\n

Continu\u00e2nd cu presupusul blestem, Codexul a fost aproape distrus \u00eentr-un incendiu \u00een castel, ce a avut loc pe 7 mai 1655. Potrivit unei legende, un slujitor a luat „Codex Gigas” \u0219i l-a aruncat printr-o fereastr\u0103 pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Volumul a suferit daune grave.<\/p>\n

Din 2018, Biblioteca Na\u021bional\u0103 a Suediei a \u00eenc\u0103rcat online „Codex Gigas” la rezolu\u021bie \u00eenalt\u0103, pentru ca oricine s\u0103 poat\u0103 arunca o privire asupra textului.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cemp\u0103ratul habsburg Rudolf al II-lea a venit pe lume la 18 iulie 1552. Tat\u0103l s\u0103u a fost Maximilian al II-lea, \u00eemp\u0103rat al Sf.Imperiu Roman, rege al Boemiei, Ungariei \u0219i Croa\u021biei, iar mama sa a fost Maria a Spaniei, fiica \u00eemp\u0103ratului … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":91243,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[475],"tags":[1101,17556,464,242,8472,892,18951,1555,1103,325,4204,324,1587,358,1349,124,295,157,1899,2056,3713,1620,18952,1932,2052,849,453,1593,1725,848,750,318,3304,1123,591,2250,2628,2706],"class_list":["post-91242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-conspiratii-mistere","tag-alchimie","tag-biblia-diavolului","tag-biblioteca","tag-blestem","tag-boemia","tag-calugar","tag-calugari-benedictini","tag-carol-quintul","tag-carte","tag-castel","tag-cehia","tag-ciuma","tag-codex-gigas","tag-conspiratii-si-mistere","tag-croatia","tag-evul-mediu","tag-imparat","tag-kepler","tag-legenda","tag-lucifer","tag-magician","tag-manastire","tag-maximilian-al-ii-lea","tag-noul-testament","tag-pieter-brueghel","tag-praga","tag-rege","tag-regina","tag-regina-cristina","tag-rudolf-al-ii-lea","tag-satana","tag-spania","tag-stockholm","tag-suedia","tag-ungaria","tag-universitate","tag-vechiul-testament","tag-viena","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nLegenda misterioas\u0103 a lui "Codex Gigas", manuscrisul medieval despre care se crede c\u0103 ar fi fost scris de Satana. 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