{"id":91206,"date":"2024-06-17T16:35:46","date_gmt":"2024-06-17T13:35:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=91206"},"modified":"2024-06-17T16:35:46","modified_gmt":"2024-06-17T13:35:46","slug":"anul-987-d-hr-cu-peste-500-de-ani-inaintea-lui-columb-vikingii-descopera-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/anul-987-d-hr-cu-peste-500-de-ani-inaintea-lui-columb-vikingii-descopera-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Anul 987 d.Hr., cu peste 500 de ani \u00eenaintea lui Columb: vikingii descoper\u0103 America"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u00cen urm\u0103 cu peste o mie de ani, o legend\u0103 islandez\u0103 povestea c\u0103 departe, departe, c\u0103tre soare-apune, s-ar afla teritoriile mirifice ale unei lumi str\u0103ine de cea cunoscut\u0103. Spunea legenda c\u0103 piratul islandez Gunnbjorn Ulvssonn, afl\u00e2ndu-se pe o insul\u0103 din apropierea Islandei, a \u00eentrez\u0103rit cu ochii s\u0103i vulture\u0219ti \u021b\u0103rmurile sclipitoare ale unei \u021b\u0103ri ne\u0219tiute.<\/p>\n

Abia \u00een secolul al X-lea s-a ivit omul care avea s\u0103 \u00eencerce a desp\u0103r\u021bi adev\u0103rul de legend\u0103. Erik Raude, \u00een traducere Erik cel Ro\u0219u, c\u0103ci despre el este vorba, nevoit s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 \u021b\u0103rmul scandinav, s-a instalat \u00een Islanda. Aici se pare c\u0103 a fost cucerit de legenda \u021binuturilor \u00eendep\u0103rtate \u0219i a fabuloaselor bog\u0103\u021bii de acolo. Form\u00e2ndu-\u0219i un echipaj ales, Erik a p\u0103r\u0103sit Islanda \u00een anul 981, navig\u00e2nd mereu c\u0103tre apus, p\u00e2n\u0103 a descoperit un \u021b\u0103rm st\u00e2ncos \u0219i arid. Totul se afla sub o plato\u0219\u0103 de ghea\u021b\u0103, \u00een afara unei c\u00e2mpii ocrotite \u0219i verzi, unde cre\u0219teau arbori \u0219i animale.<\/p>\n

Trei ani mai t\u00e2rziu, Erik, revenit \u00een Islanda, istorisea oricui sta s\u0103-l asculte despre minun\u0103\u021biile acestor p\u0103m\u00e2nturi. Astfel c\u0103 \u00een anul 986 o mul\u021bime de navigatori urcar\u0103 la bordul a 25 de ambarca\u021biuni \u00eendrept\u00e2ndu-se c\u0103tre \u021aara cea Verde (Groenlanda). Izbucnind o furtun\u0103, micile nave s-au pierdut una de alta. Cele 14 r\u0103mase \u0219i-au continuat drumul p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u021b\u0103rmul c\u00e2ntat de legend\u0103. Aici vikingii au \u00eentemeiat prima a\u0219ezare de peste ocean.<\/p>\n

Izvoarele spun c\u0103 noii sosi\u021bi au aflat urmele unei vie\u021bi anterioare, dup\u0103 care au dedus c\u0103 \u00een trecut clima Groenlandei era mai pu\u021bin aspr\u0103. Colonia normand\u0103 s-a dezvoltat, \u00eenfiin\u021b\u00e2ndu-se aproape o sut\u0103 de c\u0103tune. Dar locuitorii nu puteau dep\u0103\u0219i limitele \u00eenghe\u021bate ale c\u00e2mpiei lor. Ei nu puteau supravie\u021bui f\u0103r\u0103 sprijinul celor de acas\u0103. Au \u00eenc\u0103rcat a\u0219adar bl\u0103nuri de urs \u0219i col\u021bi de mors\u0103 \u0219i, \u00een frunte cu fiul lui Erik cel Ro\u0219u, numit Leif, o mic\u0103 escadr\u0103 a traversat oceanul p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een Norvegia. Dup\u0103 un an, el a pornit \u00eenapoi cu cele necesare, dar o furtun\u0103 l-a dezorientat, purt\u00e2ndu-l mai c\u0103tre sud, spre alte p\u0103m\u00e2nturi, mai bl\u00e2nde, unde cre\u0219teau gr\u00e2u s\u0103lbatic, arbori \u0219i arbu\u0219ti. De ast\u0103 dat\u0103 se afla pe ceea ce ast\u0103zi numim continentul american.<\/p>\n

Fericit de noua descoperire, Leif s-a \u00eentors c\u0103tre nord, c\u0103ut\u00e2ndu-i pe ai s\u0103i. G\u0103sindu-i, le-a \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it vestea. Dar Erik nu mai era \u00een putere \u0219i a refuzat s\u0103 plece \u00een necunoscut. Leif \u0219i ai s\u0103i au navigat \u00een direc\u021bia hot\u0103r\u00e2t\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 \u021b\u0103rmul \u00eenverzit nu s-a ar\u0103tat. Au poposit \u00een alte locuri, le-a explorat, dar abia \u00een ad\u00e2ncul \u021binutului au aflat semnele de bel\u0219ug \u0219tiute.<\/p>\n

Primilor exploratori le-au urmat al\u021bii, care au p\u0103truns pe gura unui fluviu p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een zona numit\u0103 ast\u0103zi a Marilor Lacuri. B\u0103\u0219tina\u0219ii erau bl\u00e2nzi. Dar ulterior, localnicii au dat atacul. Ciocnirea a fost cr\u00e2ncen\u0103; \u00eengrozi\u021bi, islandezii au cerut c\u0103peteniei lor s\u0103-i conduc\u0103 acas\u0103. \u0218i astfel, dup\u0103 3 ani de \u0219edere \u00een Vinland, cum au numit \u021bara descoperit\u0103, au pornit cu to\u021bii spre Islanda. De ajuns au ajuns \u00eens\u0103 numai o singur\u0103 barc\u0103. \u00cen ea se afla primul copil european care v\u0103zuse lumina zilei in Lumea Nou\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1965, arheologii au descoperit dovezi concludente c\u0103 vikingii au sosit cu 500 de ani \u00eenaintea lui Columb. Au g\u0103sit vechea a\u0219ezare viking\u0103 la Newfoundland. Situl lui Leif Erikson, Vinland, a fost identificat cu o a\u0219ezare viking\u0103, descoperit\u0103 \u0219i excavat\u0103 la L’Anse aux Meadows din Newfoundland.<\/p>\n

Mai jos pute\u0163i vedea harta c\u0103l\u0103toriilor vikinge \u00een America:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen urm\u0103 cu peste o mie de ani, o legend\u0103 islandez\u0103 povestea c\u0103 departe, departe, c\u0103tre soare-apune, s-ar afla teritoriile mirifice ale unei lumi str\u0103ine de cea cunoscut\u0103. Spunea legenda c\u0103 piratul islandez Gunnbjorn Ulvssonn, afl\u00e2ndu-se pe o insul\u0103 din … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":91207,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[10,237,5854,1572,18944,3718,2487,1578,720,2522,1532,1899,16193,1212,563,1604,458,3047,632],"class_list":["post-91206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-america","tag-animale","tag-arbori","tag-columb","tag-erik-cel-rosu","tag-fluviu","tag-furtuna","tag-gheata","tag-harta","tag-islanda","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-legenda","tag-marile-lacuri","tag-morsa","tag-norvegia","tag-ocean","tag-pirat","tag-urs","tag-vikingi","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nAnul 987 d.Hr., cu peste 500 de ani \u00eenaintea lui Columb: vikingii descoper\u0103 America - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/anul-987-d-hr-cu-peste-500-de-ani-inaintea-lui-columb-vikingii-descopera-america\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anul 987 d.Hr., cu peste 500 de ani \u00eenaintea lui Columb: vikingii descoper\u0103 America\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen urm\u0103 cu peste o mie de ani, o legend\u0103 islandez\u0103 povestea c\u0103 departe, departe, c\u0103tre soare-apune, s-ar afla teritoriile mirifice ale unei lumi str\u0103ine de cea cunoscut\u0103. 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Spunea legenda c\u0103 piratul islandez Gunnbjorn Ulvssonn, afl\u00e2ndu-se pe o insul\u0103 din ... 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