{"id":8953,"date":"2009-11-14T21:27:28","date_gmt":"2009-11-14T19:27:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=8953"},"modified":"2009-11-15T21:56:58","modified_gmt":"2009-11-15T19:56:58","slug":"william-cuceritorul-fiul-diavolului-maretul-rege-care-a-zdrobit-anglia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/william-cuceritorul-fiul-diavolului-maretul-rege-care-a-zdrobit-anglia\/","title":{"rendered":"William Cuceritorul, „fiul Diavolului”, m\u0103re\u0163ul rege care a zdrobit Anglia"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"William<\/a>William Cuceritorul avea ni\u015fte str\u0103mo\u015fi extrem de interesan\u0163i. Descindea din Rollo Plimb\u0103re\u0163ul, sau Rolf B\u00e2\u0163\u00e2itul, sau R\u00e2ul Nes\u0103buitul, o c\u0103petenie a vikingilor care pusese m\u00e2na pe o parte din p\u0103m\u00e2ntul lui Carol cel Simplu, \u00een jurul anului 911. Rollo (sau Rolf, sau Raul) era mojic \u015fi zurbagiu, dar a devenit cur\u00e2nd duce de Normandia, a\u015fa c\u0103 n-a mai contat. Str\u0103-str\u0103-nepotul acestui Rollo a fost Robert Diavolul sau Robert Magnificul, tat\u0103l lui William Cuceritorul.<\/p>\n

William scotea ochii oamenilor cu care se r\u0103zboia<\/strong><\/p>\n

William s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1027 sau 1028 \u015fi a ar\u0103tat de timpuriu numeroase semne ale m\u0103re\u0163iei sale viitoare. Era un micu\u0163 foarte viteaz, care se sf\u0103dea \u015fi se b\u0103tea mereu \u015fi-i dobora pe ceilal\u0163i copii la p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Dup\u0103 ce tat\u0103l s\u0103u a murit, aproape de Ierusalim, a devenit mai independent \u015fi s-a apucat s\u0103 scoat\u0103 ochii oamenilor din orbite. Uneori mai \u00eempr\u0103\u015ftia ni\u015fte otrav\u0103 prin jur, pe-acolo pe unde era mai mare nevoie de ea. Ca duce de Normandia, William a restaurat ordinea instituind Armisti\u0163iul lui Dumnezeu, sub inciden\u0163a c\u0103ruia erau interzise orice acte de violen\u0163\u0103 \u00een zilele de luni, mar\u0163i, joi \u015fi vineri.<\/p>\n

Odat\u0103, a t\u0103iat m\u00e2inile \u015fi picioarele a treizeci \u015fi doi de or\u0103\u015feni care f\u0103cuser\u0103 haz pe seama lui. Nu suporta a\u015fa ceva. \u00cen aceste vremuri tulburi, via\u0163a i-a fost salvat\u0103 de Gallet N\u0103t\u00e2ngul sau Golet Idiotul.<\/p>\n

Crudul William s-a \u00eendr\u0103gostit \u00eennebune\u015fte de prin\u0163esa Matilda<\/strong><\/p>\n

Apoi William s-a \u00eendr\u0103gostit nebune\u015fte de Matilda de Flandra, fiica lui Baldwin cel Bl\u00e2nd, pentru c\u0103 era foarte bogat\u0103 \u015fi descindea din Alfred cel Mare (849-899, rege a Angliei) – cel pu\u0163in a\u015fa sus\u0163inea ea. A\u015fa c\u0103 nu pute\u0163i zice c\u0103 era chiar un oarecare. \u00cen plus, Matilda a fost prima femeie care i-a spus \u00een fa\u0163\u0103 lui William Cuceritorul c\u0103 este un fiu nelegitim. F\u0103c\u00e2nd acest lucru a pornit una dintre marile pove\u015fti de dragoste ale istoriei. Pare o metod\u0103 ciudat\u0103, dar \u00eens\u0103\u015fi dragostea este un fenomen extrem de ciudat \u015fi n-ar strica s\u0103 fie mai bine aprofundat.<\/p>\n

\"Matilda<\/a>William a biciuit-o pe nevast\u0103-sa<\/strong><\/p>\n

Matilda a f\u0103cut celebra ei remarc\u0103 spiritual\u0103 c\u00e2nd William – pe atunci t\u00e2n\u0103r duce de Normandia – tocmai \u00eei cerea m\u00e2na. Matilda era \u00een c\u0103utarea unui so\u0163, dar a spus c\u0103 nici moart\u0103 n-ar lua un fitecine. Cum William era \u00eentr-adev\u0103r un bastard, fiind fiul lui Robert Diavolul \u015fi-al Herlevei, fata t\u0103b\u0103carului din Falaise, asta chiar l-a durut. William a s\u0103rit pe cal, a g\u0103sit-o pe Matilda acas\u0103, a tr\u00e2ntit-o la p\u0103m\u00e2nt, a t\u00e2r\u00e2t-o de p\u0103r, a \u015ffichiuit-o cu biciul \u015fi a plecat – f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103-\u015fi dea seama, pare-se, c\u0103 toate astea nu f\u0103ceau dec\u00e2t s\u0103 confirme prima remarc\u0103 a Matildei.<\/p>\n

Matilda n-a \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u0163in\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat la William dec\u00e2t \u00een momentul \u00een care acesta a biciuit-o \u00een Bruges. Atunci a hot\u0103r\u00e2t c\u0103 el a mers un pic prea departe, a\u015fa c\u0103 l-a luat de so\u0163 \u015fi au avut patru b\u0103ie\u0163i \u015fi \u015fase fete \u015fi s-au distrat de minune.<\/p>\n

Schimbarea brusc\u0103 a Matildei a nedumerit mul\u0163i exper\u0163i. Trebuie s\u0103 fi \u015ftiut ea c\u0103 va avea parte de un sadic, dar poate c\u0103 tocmai asta i-a pl\u0103cut. E de asemenea posibil ca ea s\u0103 se fi m\u0103ritat cu el ca s\u0103 se r\u0103zbune sau poate a crezut c\u0103 dac\u0103 oricum o biciuia, m\u0103car s\u0103 fie c\u0103s\u0103tori\u0163i. Majoritatea istoricilor neag\u0103 c\u0103 el ar fi omor\u00e2t-o p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 \u00een b\u0103taie cu un fr\u00e2u, pentru c\u0103 i-ar fi schilodit una dintre iubite. E foarte pu\u0163in probabil ca, la moartea Matildei, \u00een 1083, William s\u0103 fi avut vreo iubit\u0103, pentru c\u0103 era deja suficient de matur ca s\u0103 \u015ftie mai bine.<\/p>\n

William \u015fi Matilda erau \u015fi veri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cei doi au avut probleme \u015fi cu Biserica, legate de consangvinitate, William \u015fi Matilda fiind oarecum veri. Oricum, c\u0103s\u0103toria a avut loc \u00een 1053, la patru ani dup\u0103 ce Matilda \u00eel numise cum \u00eel numise pe William. \u00cen tot acest timp, William a r\u0103mas fidel Matildei sale \u015fi a refuzat s\u0103 se c\u0103s\u0103toreasc\u0103 cu altcineva. Fapt este c\u0103 el avea nevoie ca ea s\u0103-i consolideze pozi\u0163ia \u00een societate. Familia ei era bogat\u0103 \u015fi puternic\u0103 \u015fi mai era \u015fi povestea aceea cu descenden\u0163a din Albert cel Mare. William trebuia neap\u0103rat s\u0103 aib\u0103 o astfel de so\u0163ie. Din pricina ob\u00e2r\u015fiei sale dubioase fusese \u00eentotdeauna privit \u00een \u00eenalta societate mai mult ca un aspirant dec\u00e2t ca un juc\u0103tor adev\u0103rat.<\/p>\n

A\u015fa cum probabil a\u0163i auzit, William \u015fi-a ob\u0163inut titulatura de Cuceritorul \u00een 1066, dup\u0103 ce a c\u00e2\u015ftigat b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Hastings \u015fi a fost \u00eencoronat rege al Angliei. Matilda a traversat Canalul pentru a fi \u00eencoronat\u0103, la r\u00e2ndul ei, \u00een 1068; apoi a f\u0103cut un copil \u015fi s-a dus acas\u0103.<\/p>\n

Via\u0163a de familie a lui William \u015fi a Matildei pare s\u0103 fi fost destul de fericit\u0103 cu ocazionalele lupte greco-romane \u015fi ciorov\u0103iala constant\u0103 pe seama copiilor \u015fi a autorit\u0103\u0163ii. Matilda era o nevast\u0103 bun\u0103, doar c\u0103 \u00eei lua mereu partea r\u0103zvr\u0103titului s\u0103u fiu, Robert Curthose, un t\u00e2r\u00e2ie-br\u00e2u – dac\u0103 a existat vreodat\u0103 unul \u00een afara lui William Rufus – preferatul t\u0103ticului. \u00cen anii din urm\u0103, rela\u0163ia lor casnic\u0103 ajunsese c\u00e2t se poate, de aproape de ideal. Adic\u0103 st\u0103teau c\u00e2t mai departe posibil unul de cel\u0103lalt.<\/p>\n

A fost Matilda creatoarea tapiseriei de la Bayeux?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Se credea la un moment dat c\u0103 Matilda a fost cea care a f\u0103cut Tapiseria de la Bayeux – o bucat\u0103 de p\u00e2nz\u0103 de in lung\u0103 de peste dou\u0103 sute de picioare, lucrat\u0103 \u00een l\u00e2n\u0103 de opt culori diferite, reprezent\u00e2nd scene ale cuceririi normande – iar ea a devenit un personaj istoric celebru, \u00een mare parte din cauza acestei ne\u00een\u0163elegeri. Mai apoi, a ie\u015fit la iveal\u0103 c\u0103 n-a avut nimic de-a face cu asta, dar deja devenise \u00eentr-at\u00e2t de cunoscut\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t nu mai conta. Tapiseria de la Bayeux este acceptat\u0103 ca o autoritate \u00een privin\u0163a detaliilor vie\u0163ii \u015fi a punctelor de cotitur\u0103 ale istoriei \u00een secolul al unsprezecelea. De exemplu, caii acelor zile aveau picioare verzi, corpuri albastre, coamele galbene \u015fi capete ro\u015fii, \u00een vreme ce oamenii erau reprezenta\u0163i \u00een ni\u015fte pozi\u0163ii fr\u00e2nte \u015fi destul de diferi\u0163i de ceea ce consider\u0103m noi \u00een genere a fi ni\u015fte fiin\u0163e umane. \u00cen tapiserie sunt reprezenta\u0163i 620 de b\u0103rba\u0163i \u015fi femei \u015fi alte 370 de animale.<\/p>\n

Urma\u015fii lui William<\/strong><\/p>\n

Persoanele ce pretind c\u0103 descind din William Bastardul – a\u015fa cum o fac mul\u0163i, din cine \u015ftie ce motive – trebuie s\u0103 demonstreze c\u0103 \u00een arborele lor genealogic se reg\u0103se\u015fte unul dintre copiii acestuia. Henry Beauclerc sau Henric I, cel mai t\u00e2n\u0103r fiu al lui William \u015fi-al Matildei, apare \u00een mul\u0163i arbori genealogici. Era foarte priceput la asta. A avut dou\u0103zeci de copii din flori \u00eenainte s\u0103 se c\u0103s\u0103toreasc\u0103, iar dup\u0103 aceea nu a mai stat nimeni s\u0103-i numere.<\/p>\n

Majoritatea fiicelor lui William n-au avut urma\u015fi. Unii dintre oamenii no\u015ftri cei mai de vaz\u0103 cred c\u0103 sunt descenden\u0163i ai lui William prin fiica acestuia, Gundred, \u015fi asta ar fi c\u00e2t se poate de \u00een regul\u0103 dac\u0103 el ar fi avut vreodat\u0103 o fat\u0103 cu acest nume. Dup\u0103 spusele anumitor exper\u0163i, Gundred care s-a m\u0103ritat cu William de Warren -mai t\u00e2rziu conte de Surrey – era fiica Matildei \u015fi a d-lui Gerbod, \u015fi prin urmare nu avea nicio leg\u0103tur\u0103 de s\u00e2nge cu William.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

William Cuceritorul avea ni\u015fte str\u0103mo\u015fi extrem de interesan\u0163i. Descindea din Rollo Plimb\u0103re\u0163ul, sau Rolf B\u00e2\u0163\u00e2itul, sau R\u00e2ul Nes\u0103buitul, o c\u0103petenie a vikingilor care pusese m\u00e2na pe o parte din p\u0103m\u00e2ntul lui Carol cel Simplu, \u00een jurul anului 911. Rollo (sau … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8954,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[120,1532,2530,453,2529],"class_list":["post-8953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-anglia","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-normandia","tag-rege","tag-william-i-cuceritorul","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nWilliam Cuceritorul, "fiul Diavolului", m\u0103re\u0163ul rege care a zdrobit Anglia - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/william-cuceritorul-fiul-diavolului-maretul-rege-care-a-zdrobit-anglia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"William Cuceritorul, "fiul Diavolului", m\u0103re\u0163ul rege care a zdrobit Anglia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"William Cuceritorul avea ni\u015fte str\u0103mo\u015fi extrem de interesan\u0163i. 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Descindea din Rollo Plimb\u0103re\u0163ul, sau Rolf B\u00e2\u0163\u00e2itul, sau R\u00e2ul Nes\u0103buitul, o c\u0103petenie a vikingilor care pusese m\u00e2na pe o parte din p\u0103m\u00e2ntul lui Carol cel Simplu, \u00een jurul anului 911. Rollo (sau ... 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