{"id":8527,"date":"2009-10-26T20:37:52","date_gmt":"2009-10-26T18:37:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=8527"},"modified":"2009-10-27T21:15:42","modified_gmt":"2009-10-27T19:15:42","slug":"onza-cea-mai-misterioasa-felina-din-lume","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/onza-cea-mai-misterioasa-felina-din-lume\/","title":{"rendered":"Onza, cea mai misterioas\u0103 felin\u0103 din lume"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"onza\"<\/a>Onza este felina misterioas\u0103 cea mai vestit\u0103 din Mexic \u015fi -dup\u0103 cum se spune – tr\u0103ie\u015fte \u00een lan\u0163ul occidental al mun\u0163ilor Sierra Madea. Zoologii sunt \u00eenc\u0103 datori s\u0103-i acorde recunoa\u015ftere oficial\u0103, dar totu\u015fi existen\u0163a ei pare s\u0103 fie dincolo de orice \u00eendoial\u0103.<\/p>\n

Felina cu \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015fare de lup<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pentru azteci onza (sau cuitlamiztli, cum \u00eel numeau ei) era un animal distinct de celelalte dou\u0103 mari feline, puma \u015fi jaguarul, cu care \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163eau mediul ambiant. Dup\u0103 sosirea cuceritorilor spanioli, ace\u015ftia au cerut \u00eemp\u0103ratului Montezuma s\u0103 le arate marea sa gr\u0103din\u0103 zoologic\u0103. \u00cen aceast\u0103 gr\u0103din\u0103, observa Bernal Diaz del Castilio, se g\u0103seau \u201etigri [jaguari] \u015fi lei [puma] de dou\u0103 feluri, dintre care unul seam\u0103n\u0103 cu lupul”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Felina ataca oamenii pe ner\u0103suflate <\/strong><\/p>\n

Emigran\u0163ii spanioli care ulterior s-au stabilit \u00een nord-vestul Mexicului au observat prezen\u0163a \u00een mediul s\u0103lbatic a unei feline cu \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015fare de lup – cu urechi lungi, cu trup suplu \u015fi lung \u015fi cu picioare lungi \u015fi sub\u0163iri pe care au botezat-o onza, dup\u0103 latinescul uncia, referindu-se la cita din Asia sau Africa. Ei au remarcat de asemenea ferocitatea fiarei. P\u0103rintele Jgnaz Pfefferkorn, un misionar iezuit stabilit la Sonora, scria \u00een 1757: \u201eEa nu e timid\u0103 ca [puma], iar cine \u00eendr\u0103zne\u015fte s\u0103 o atace, trebuie s\u0103 fie foarte atent”.<\/em> P\u0103rintele Johann Baegert, care tr\u0103ia \u00eempreun\u0103 cu indienii Guaricura din Baja California, pe la mijlocul secolului al XVIII-lea, poveste\u015fte: \u201eO onza a \u00eendr\u0103znit s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een misiunea vecinului meu la care m\u0103 aflam \u00een vizit\u0103. Fiara a atacat un b\u0103iat de 14 ani \u00een plin\u0103 zi, practic \u00een v\u0103zul tuturor. Iar \u00een urm\u0103 cu c\u00e2\u0163iva ani o astfel de fiar\u0103 l-a ucis pe cel mai puternic \u015fi respectat soldat din regiune”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Expedi\u0163ia \u00een care s-a capturat o onza<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen afara zonei sale, onza este aproape necunoscut\u0103. Referirile sporadice despre ea nu au impresionat pe nimeni, iar zoologii au continuat s\u0103 presupun\u0103 c\u0103 acolo tr\u0103iau numai puma \u015fi jaguari. Nu a fost organizat\u0103 nicio expedi\u0163ie \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103 serioas\u0103 pentru a cerceta zona s\u0103lbatic\u0103, cu terenul ei inaccesibil \u00een multe locuri chiar \u015fi pentru cai, \u00een vederea elucid\u0103rii problemei. De-abia dup\u0103 1930, dou\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103uze experimentate, care se ocupau cu v\u00e2n\u0103toarea \u00een mun\u0163i – Dale \u015fi Clell Lee – au auzit pentru prima oar\u0103 despre onza c\u00e2nd se aflau \u00een mun\u0163ii Sonora. Cu timpul, ei \u015fi-au mutat sfera opera\u0163ional\u0103 la Sinaloa, 500 de mile mai la sud. Ei l-au \u00eenso\u0163it pe Joseph H. Shirk, bancherul originar din statul Indiana, care dorea s\u0103 v\u00e2neze jaguari \u00een mun\u0163ii La Silhi boga\u0163i\u00a0 \u00een v\u00e2nat de tot felul.\u00a0 Aici\u00a0 au ucis o felin\u0103 de care \u015fi-au dat seama imediat c\u0103 nu era o pum\u0103. De fapt ar\u0103ta \u00eentocmai ca o onza despre care b\u0103\u015ftina\u015fii sus\u0163ineau c\u0103 s\u0103l\u0103\u015fluie\u015fte \u00een regiune. Dup\u0103 ce l-au fotografiat \u015fi l-au m\u0103surat au m\u0103cel\u0103rit animalul, Shirk p\u0103str\u00e2ndu-i pielea \u015fi craniul. Nu se \u015ftie unde se afl\u0103 \u00een prezent aceste trofee.<\/p>\n

\"onza<\/a>Convin\u015fi c\u0103 au dat peste ceva important cele dou\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103uze au descris unor zoologi americani fiara pe care o uciseser\u0103 \u015fi au r\u0103mas surprin\u015fi c\u0103 relat\u0103rile lor au fost difuzate \u00een r\u00e2ndul oamenilor de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103. Aceste relat\u0103ri au fost preluat de pres\u0103 care \u00eens\u0103 a ridiculizat povestea. Conservatori \u015fi b\u0103nuitori din fire, neobi\u015fnui\u0163i s\u0103 li se pun\u0103 la \u00eendoiala cuv\u00e2ntul, cei doi fra\u0163i Dale \u015fi Clell Lee s-au retras \u00een sinea lor \u015fi nu au mai discutat \u00eent\u00e2mplarea la care participaser\u0103. Ei au t\u0103cut p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1950, c\u00e2nd Robert Marshall, de fel din statul Arizona, s-a \u00eemprietenit cu Dale Lee \u015fi – din simpatie – a \u00eenregistrat relat\u0103rile f\u0103cute de acesta. Marshall s-a dus apoi chiar \u00een Mexic \u015fi a \u00eentreprins cercet\u0103ri pe teren, iar rezultatele le-a consemnat \u00eentr-o carte intitulat\u0103 Onza<\/em>, publicat\u0103 \u00een 1961, care \u00een afar\u0103 de o singur\u0103 recenzie (nefavorabil\u0103) f\u0103cut\u0103 de o revist\u0103 \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103, nu s-a bucurat de nicio aten\u0163ie.<\/p>\n

Criptozoologii analizeaz\u0103 onza<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen 1982, la \u00eentrunirea Institutului Smithsonian din Washington, D. C, a fost \u00eenfiin\u0163at\u0103 Societatea Interna\u0163ional\u0103 de Criptozoologie (S. I. C). Pentru prima oar\u0103 oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 \u00een general \u015fi biologii \u00een special dispuneau de un organism cu ajutorul c\u0103ruia puteau investiga problemele privind animalele necunoscute, nerecunoscute sau controversate. Criptozoologii erau printre pu\u0163inii nereziden\u0163i din nord-vestul Mexicului care auziser\u0103 de onza.<\/p>\n

J. Richard Greenwell, secretarul S. I. C, care locuia la Tucson, a aflat c\u0103 \u015fi Robert Marshall locuia \u00een acela\u015fi ora\u015f; \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor \u00een aceea\u015fi localitate se afla \u015fi Dale Lee. Marshall poseda un craniu de onza \u015fi i-a dat lui Greenwell mulajul \u015firului de din\u0163i din partea superioar\u0103. Greenwell, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, a ar\u0103tat mulajul unui specialist vest-german \u00een mamifere, Helmut Hemmer, care avansase ideea c\u0103 animalul numit onza era relicva preistoric\u0103 a unor specii de cita din America de Nord (Arcinonyx trumani<\/em>). Aceast\u0103 eventualitate \u00eens\u0103 a fost eliminat\u0103 dup\u0103 compararea craniilor; dar simplul fapt c\u0103 \u00een sf\u00e2r\u015fit se iscase o discu\u0163ie pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 era un indiciu c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 onza va c\u0103p\u0103ta aten\u0163ia meritat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Fuga dup\u0103 cranii de onza<\/strong><\/p>\n

Paralel cu eforturile, ne\u00eencununate de succes, de a da de urma \u201ecraniului Shirk”, care disp\u0103ruse de mult timp, Greenwell \u015fi Marshall \u015fi-au coordonat ac\u0163iunile cu doi speciali\u015fti \u00een mamifere, Troy Bert \u015fi E. Lendell Cockrum de la Universitatea New Mexico \u015fi respectiv Universitatea Arizona. Prin intermediul\u00a0 lui Cockrum ei l-au \u00eent\u00e2lnit la Sinaloa, \u00een statul New Mexico, pe p\u0103durarul Ricardo Urquijo jr. care era \u00een posesia unui craniu intact de onza ucis de un alt p\u0103durar, Jesus Vega, \u00een aceea\u015fi zon\u0103 \u00een care fuseser\u0103 ob\u0163inute celelalte dou\u0103 cranii de onza. \u00centre timp, Best, o somitate \u00een materie de cranii de puma, a descoperit un alt craniu de onza la Academia de \u015etiin\u0163e Naturale din Philadelphia.<\/p>\n

V\u00e2natul unei onza din 1986<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen noaptea de 1 ianuarie, 1986, la ora 22,30, doi v\u00e2n\u0103tori de c\u0103prioare din districtul San Ignacio din \u0163inutul Silanoa, au \u00eempu\u015fcat o fiar\u0103 mare. Era limpede c\u0103 fiara dobor\u00e2t\u0103 nu era un jaguar, iar v\u00e2n\u0103torii nu aveau idee ce putea fi. Ace\u015ftia \u015fi-au amintit c\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103 cu c\u00e2teva luni doi gringo (Greenwell \u015fi Marshall) manifestaser\u0103 interes pentru o fiar\u0103 neobi\u015fnuit\u0103 \u00eentr-o discu\u0163ie cu un p\u0103durar prieten \u015fi l-au alertat pe Manuel Vega. Acesta, de cum a v\u0103zut fiara r\u0103pus\u0103, a recunoscut c\u0103 era o onza. C\u00e2ndva \u015fi tat\u0103l lui Vega v\u00e2nase o onza.<\/p>\n

Cu ajutorul bogatei familii Urquijo (unul din membrii acesteia \u00eei procurase lui Cockrum \u201ecraniul Vega”) st\u00e2rvul a fost conservat \u00een congelatorul unei companii particulare de pescuit din Mazatlan; apoi a fost anun\u0163at Greenwell. Greenwell \u015fi Best au fotografiat \u015fi au procedat la disec\u0163ia le\u015fului la Laboratorul Regional de Diagnoz\u0103 \u015fi Patologie Animal\u0103, o agen\u0163ie a Ministerului Agriculturii din Mexic. Greenwell a scris:<\/p>\n

Descrierea unei onze<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eDup\u0103 ce am cercetat, am constatat c\u0103 felina, o femel\u0103, se asem\u0103na cu descrierile f\u0103cute de popula\u0163ia local\u0103. Avea un trup foarte gra\u0163ios, cu picioare lungi, zvelte \u015fi coada lung\u0103. Urechile erau prea lungi pentru o puma (cam 100 mm). \u00cen partea din interior a labelor din fa\u0163\u0103 au fost descoperite ni\u015fte dungi care, din c\u00e2te se cunoa\u015fte p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent, nu exist\u0103 la puma. Avea mamele bine dezvoltate \u015fi ca v\u00e2rst\u0103 era de cel pu\u0163in 4 ani. C\u00e2nt\u0103rea cam 27 de kg. (\u00eenainte de a fi congelat c\u00e2nt\u0103rea probabil mai mult), comparat cu o femel\u0103 adult\u0103 de puma, care c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u015fte \u00eentre 36 \u015fi 60 de kg. Lungimea ei – 186 cm – este comparabil\u0103 cu femela de puma care m\u0103soar\u0103 \u00eentre 150 \u015fi 233 cm. \u00cens\u0103 coada, care m\u0103sura 73 cm, era foarte lung\u0103 \u00een compara\u0163ie cu coada femelei de puma, care m\u0103soar\u0103 53 cm p\u00e2n\u0103 la 81 cm.”<\/em><\/p>\n

E\u015fantioanele de \u0163esuturi \u015fi organe diferite au fost trimise \u00een S. U. A. pentru a fi analizate. Din p\u0103cate, \u00een anii care au urmat Greenwell \u015fi Best nu au urm\u0103rit cu asiduitate probleme, preval\u00e2ndu-se de lipsa de timp \u015fi de preocup\u0103ri mai importante. O compara\u0163ie preliminar\u0103 a e\u015fantioanelor de \u0163esuturi preluate de la puma \u015fi onza, efectuat\u0103 la Universitatea Tehnic\u0103 Texas, a relevat mari similarit\u0103\u0163i \u015fi deosebiri nesemnificative. Dar anali\u015ftii nu au preg\u0103tit un raport tehnic. \u00cen orice caz, nu se poate trage o concluzie dup\u0103 un singur test de vreme ce animale de specii diferite adesea sunt foarte apropiate genetic.<\/p>\n

Concluzie incert\u0103: o specie nou\u0103 sau o ciud\u0103\u0163enie genetic\u0103 local\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n

E\u015fantioanele, p\u0103strate \u00een continuare \u00een stare congelat\u0103, vor trebui s\u0103 fie \u00eenc\u0103 studiate cu mult\u0103 temeinicie \u00eenainte ca oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 s\u0103 se poate pronun\u0163a dac\u0103 animalul reprezint\u0103 o specie nou\u0103 sau doar o ciud\u0103\u0163enie genetic\u0103 local\u0103. Dovezile existente p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een clipa de fa\u0163\u0103 fac plauzibil\u0103 probabilitatea men\u0163ionat\u0103 la \u00eenceput \u015fi este p\u0103cat c\u0103 problema s-a \u00eempotmolit la mijlocul anului 1992.<\/p>\n

Potrivit unei relat\u0103ri, \u00een 1986, p\u0103durarii au izbutit s\u0103 captureze vie o onza \u00een Sonora de nord, la frontiera cu statul Arizona. Ei au \u0163inut-o \u00een via\u0163\u0103 c\u00e2teva zile, c\u0103ut\u00e2nd s\u0103 capteze interesul autorit\u0103\u0163ilor ca s\u0103 o cerceteze. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, v\u0103z\u00e2nd c\u0103 nimeni nu manifest\u0103 interes, v\u00e2n\u0103torii care capturaser\u0103 fiara au ucis-o \u015fi i-au aruncat st\u00e2rvul \u00een albia seac\u0103 a unui r\u00e2u.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Onza este felina misterioas\u0103 cea mai vestit\u0103 din Mexic \u015fi -dup\u0103 cum se spune – tr\u0103ie\u015fte \u00een lan\u0163ul occidental al mun\u0163ilor Sierra Madea. Zoologii sunt \u00eenc\u0103 datori s\u0103-i acorde recunoa\u015ftere oficial\u0103, dar totu\u015fi existen\u0163a ei pare s\u0103 fie dincolo de … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8528,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[2430,2429,206,9800,2427,2428],"class_list":["post-8527","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natura-animale","tag-felina","tag-jaguar","tag-mexic","tag-natura-animale","tag-onza","tag-puma","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nOnza, cea mai misterioas\u0103 felin\u0103 din lume - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/onza-cea-mai-misterioasa-felina-din-lume\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Onza, cea mai misterioas\u0103 felin\u0103 din lume\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Onza este felina misterioas\u0103 cea mai vestit\u0103 din Mexic \u015fi -dup\u0103 cum se spune – tr\u0103ie\u015fte \u00een lan\u0163ul occidental al mun\u0163ilor Sierra Madea. 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