{"id":79453,"date":"2022-03-08T19:59:50","date_gmt":"2022-03-08T17:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=79453"},"modified":"2022-03-08T19:59:50","modified_gmt":"2022-03-08T17:59:50","slug":"ginghis-han-imparatul-mongol-care-a-invadat-rusia-nu-a-fost-atat-de-demonic-cum-il-prezinta-cartile-de-istorie-care-a-fost-realitatea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/ginghis-han-imparatul-mongol-care-a-invadat-rusia-nu-a-fost-atat-de-demonic-cum-il-prezinta-cartile-de-istorie-care-a-fost-realitatea\/","title":{"rendered":"Ginghis Han, \u00eemp\u0103ratul mongol care a invadat Rusia, nu a fost at\u00e2t de &#8222;demonic&#8221;, cum \u00eel prezint\u0103 c\u0103r\u0163ile de istorie! Care a fost realitatea?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Genghis-Han.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-79456\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Genghis-Han.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"331\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Genghis-Han.jpg 331w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Genghis-Han-300x289.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/a>Ginghis Han (sau Genghis Han) a fost unul dintre cei mai mari cuceritori din toate timpurile: a cucerit o mare parte din Asia, pun\u00e2nd temeliile Imperiului Mongol, \u00een secolul al XIII-lea. Dispun\u00e2nd de o uria\u0219\u0103 for\u021b\u0103 armat\u0103, bine organizat\u0103 \u0219i extrem de mobil\u0103, Ginghis Han a cucerit teritorii ca Siberia, China de Nord, Asia Central\u0103, India \u0219i Rusia.<\/p>\n<p>De\u015fi mult\u0103 lume \u00eel consider\u0103 a fi unul &#8222;crud&#8221;, totu\u015fi Ginghis a reu\u015fit s\u0103 instaureze \u00een imperiul s\u0103u uria\u015f unele lucruri care p\u0103reau imposibile \u00een acele timpuri, dar care nu prea sunt prezentate \u00een c\u0103r\u0163ile de istorie:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>A stabilit libertatea de religie<\/strong>. Marele han, care s-a n\u0103scut tengrist, a adoptat legi care permiteau subiec\u021bilor libertatea de religie \u0219i chiar a acordat scutiri de taxe l\u0103ca\u0219urilor de cult. Aceasta a fost o mi\u0219care strategic\u0103, deoarece Genghis Han \u0219tia c\u0103, respect\u00e2nd libertatea religioas\u0103, oamenii s-ar fi r\u0103sculat mai pu\u0163in.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Interzicerea torturii<\/strong>. Spre deosebire de multe armate civilizate din acele vremuri, mongolii nu \u0219i-au mutilat sau torturat prizonierii. \u00cen schimb, Genghis Han credea c\u0103 cea mai sigur\u0103 modalitate de a inspira teroarea era viteza \u0219i eficien\u021ba \u00een lupt\u0103. Multe dintre pove\u0219tile despre construirea de piramide din craniile inamicilor \u0219i despre fierberea oamenilor de vii sunt mituri inspirate de fric\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>&#8222;\u00cenglobarea&#8221; adversarilor<\/strong>. \u00cen loc s\u0103 execute solda\u021bi rivali, Genghis Han i-a absorbit adesea \u00een armata sa. \u00cen 1201, c\u00e2nd a fost aproape ucis \u00een lupt\u0103 dup\u0103 ce calul s\u0103u a fost dobor\u00e2t, Genghis a \u00eentrebat prizonierii inamici cine a tras s\u0103geata. Un b\u0103rbat a f\u0103cut un pas \u00eenainte ca s\u0103-\u0219i asume vina \u0219i a spus c\u0103 va accepta pedeapsa cu moartea sau va jura loialitate nemuritoare dac\u0103 va fi cru\u021bat. Genghis l-a f\u0103cut imediat ofi\u021ber \u00een armata sa. &#8222;Jebe&#8221; sau &#8222;s\u0103geat\u0103&#8221;, dup\u0103 cum l-a numit Marele Han, avea s\u0103 devin\u0103 unul dintre marii comandan\u021bi militari.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Meritul personal<\/strong>. Sistemul feudal care a existat \u00een toat\u0103 Asia \u00eenainte de vremea lui Genghis Han r\u0103spl\u0103tea \u00een primul r\u00e2nd &#8222;s\u00e2ngele aristocrat&#8221;. Genghis a dispre\u021buit acest sistem \u0219i, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce a str\u0103b\u0103tut continentul, a implementat unul nou, care r\u0103spl\u0103tea loialitatea \u0219i realiz\u0103rile individuale pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Interzicerea sclaviei<\/strong>. Genghis Han a \u00een\u021beles am\u0103r\u0103ciunea \u0219i tensiunea economic\u0103 pe care le crea sclavia. El a fost \u0219i el \u00eensu\u0219i sclav \u00een timpul adolescen\u021bei, c\u00e2nd el \u0219i so\u021bia sa Borte au fost captura\u021bi de un clan rival. A\u0219a c\u0103, c\u00e2nd Genghis Han a \u00eenceput s\u0103 unifice triburile mongole, a interzis luarea mongolilor ca slujitori sau sclavi.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Legea universal\u0103 \u0219i respectul pentru mediu, codul de drept Yassa<\/strong>. Sistemul de drept al lui Genghis Han, cunoscut sub numele de Yassa, interzicea furtul, adulterul \u0219i depunerea de m\u0103rturii false. De asemenea, se introducea \u015fi un respect pentru mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor, interzic\u00e2ndu-se sc\u0103ldatul \u00een r\u00e2uri sau p\u00e2raie.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Sistem universal de scriere<\/strong>. Pentru a-\u0219i aplica legea, Genghis a ordonat crearea unui sistem de scriere bazat pe alfabetul uiguur. Nu a fost primul sistem de scriere din Asia, dar a fost primul care a fost adoptat pe scar\u0103 larg\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>* Comer\u0163 liber<\/strong>. Genghis Han credea \u00een puterea unificatoare a comer\u021bului exterior, precum \u0219i \u00een folosirea acesteia pentru a dob\u00e2ndi cuno\u0219tin\u021be valoroase (mul\u021bi dintre spionii s\u0103i s-au dat drept negustori). Genghis a transformat ora\u0219ele pe care le-a cucerit \u00een puncte de referin\u021b\u0103 pentru comer\u021b.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Unul dintre primele sisteme po\u0219tale din lume<\/strong>. Cunoa\u0219terea era putere \u00een imperiul lui Genghis Han \u0219i de aceea una dintre primele sale ordine ca \u015fi conduc\u0103tor a fost crearea unui sistem de curierat, cunoscut sub numele de Yam. C\u0103l\u0103re\u021bii transportau mesaje printr-o re\u021bea po\u015ftal\u0103, pute\u00e2nd acoperi p\u00e2n\u0103 la 300 de km pe zi.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Redistribuirea averii<\/strong>. Genghis Han este adesea catalogat ca unul dintre cei mai boga\u021bi oameni din istorie, dar numai \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te p\u0103m\u00e2ntul pe care l-a cucerit. \u00cen loc s\u0103 tezaurizeze banii \u0219i bunurile pe care le-a c\u00e2\u0219tigat prin cucerire, Genghis le-a dat solda\u021bilor \u0219i comandan\u021bilor s\u0103i (c\u0103rora altfel li s-a interzis s\u0103 jefuiasc\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 permisiune).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ginghis Han (sau Genghis Han) a fost unul dintre cei mai mari cuceritori din toate timpurile: a cucerit o mare parte din Asia, pun\u00e2nd temeliile Imperiului Mongol, \u00een secolul al XIII-lea. Dispun\u00e2nd de o uria\u0219\u0103 for\u021b\u0103 armat\u0103, bine organizat\u0103 \u0219i &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Ginghis Han, \u00eemp\u0103ratul mongol care a invadat Rusia, nu a fost at\u00e2t de &#8222;demonic&#8221;, cum \u00eel prezint\u0103 c\u0103r\u0163ile de istorie! Care a fost realitatea?\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/ginghis-han-imparatul-mongol-care-a-invadat-rusia-nu-a-fost-atat-de-demonic-cum-il-prezinta-cartile-de-istorie-care-a-fost-realitatea\/#more-79453\" aria-label=\"Cite\u0219te mai multe despre Ginghis Han, \u00eemp\u0103ratul mongol care a invadat Rusia, nu a fost at\u00e2t de &#8222;demonic&#8221;, cum \u00eel prezint\u0103 c\u0103r\u0163ile de istorie! Care a fost realitatea?\">Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":79456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[3448,4105,70,2270,8764,3967,1433,240,446,5042,11432,1012,313,5758,2440,3318,619,1532,7114,1845,151,2736,17570,3042,427,48,1313,684,1576,513,397,2117,2701],"class_list":["post-79453","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-adulter","tag-alfabet","tag-armata","tag-asia","tag-asia-centrala","tag-avere","tag-bani","tag-cal","tag-china","tag-comert","tag-cranii","tag-frica","tag-genghis-han","tag-han","tag-imperiu","tag-imperiul-mongol","tag-india","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-mediu-inconjurator","tag-ofiter","tag-oras","tag-posta","tag-prizonieri","tag-rau","tag-religie","tag-rusia","tag-sageata","tag-sclavi","tag-siberia","tag-soldati","tag-spioni","tag-tortura","tag-trib","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Ginghis Han, \u00eemp\u0103ratul mongol care a invadat Rusia, nu a fost at\u00e2t de &quot;demonic&quot;, cum \u00eel prezint\u0103 c\u0103r\u0163ile de istorie! 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