{"id":76602,"date":"2021-08-28T22:56:54","date_gmt":"2021-08-28T19:56:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=76602"},"modified":"2021-08-28T22:56:54","modified_gmt":"2021-08-28T19:56:54","slug":"cel-mai-de-succes-pirat-din-istoria-omenirii-a-fost-o-femeie-regina-pirat-ching-shih-povestea-ei-extraordinara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/cel-mai-de-succes-pirat-din-istoria-omenirii-a-fost-o-femeie-regina-pirat-ching-shih-povestea-ei-extraordinara\/","title":{"rendered":"Cel mai de succes pirat din istoria omenirii a fost o femeie: regina-pirat Ching Shih! Povestea ei extraordinar\u0103…"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>C\u00e2nd auzi\u0163i cuv\u00e2ntul „pirat”, v\u0103 g\u00e2ndi\u0163i la un om feroce ca Barb\u0103 Neagr\u0103 sau Sir Francis Drake – ace\u0219ti b\u0103rba\u021bi fiind considera\u021bi a fi cei mai de succes pira\u021bi din toate timpurile. \u00cens\u0103, contrar a\u015ftept\u0103rilor, cel mai mare pirat din istoria omenirii a fost o femeie asiatic\u0103 extraordinar\u0103, cunoscut\u0103 ast\u0103zi sub numele de Ching Shih, care se traduce pur \u0219i simplu prin „v\u0103duva lui Ching\u201d. La apogeul puterii ei, femeia comanda peste 800 de nave mari, 1000 de nave mai mici \u0219i peste 70.000 de echipaje de pira\u021bi, formate at\u00e2t din b\u0103rba\u021bi, c\u00e2t \u0219i din femei. \u00cen compara\u021bie, Barba Neagr\u0103 a comandat doar 300 de nave \u0219i c\u00e2teva mii de pira\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Ching Shih s-a n\u0103scut sub numele de Shih Yang, \u00een 1775, \u00een China. Asemenea multor femei din aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, la atingerea pubert\u0103\u021bii, la v\u00e2rsta de 13 ani, a fost for\u021bat\u0103 s\u0103 se prostitueze pentru a suplimenta veniturile familiei sale. A lucrat la unul dintre bordelurile plutitoare, cunoscute \u0219i sub numele de „b\u0103rci cu flori”, care navigau de-a lungul coastei din apropiere, cu clientul la bord.<\/p>\n

\u00centr-o perioad\u0103 scurt\u0103 de timp, t\u00e2n\u0103ra Ching Shih devenise favorita b\u0103rba\u0163ilor, datorit\u0103 frumuse\u021bii sale izbitoare, naturii pozitive \u0219i amabilit\u0103\u0163ii ei. Acest lucru a atras mai mul\u021bi clien\u021bi de \u00eenalt\u0103 calitate, ca demnitari ai palatului regal, comandan\u021bi militari ai armatei, negustori boga\u021bi \u0219i mul\u021bi al\u021bii.<\/p>\n

\u00cen anul 1801, Zheng Yi, un notor comandant pirat, a \u00eent\u00e2lnit-o pe Ching Shih \u0219i a fost fascinat de frumuse\u021bea ei. De \u00eendat\u0103 ce a vizitat bordelul plutitor \u0219i a \u00eent\u00e2lnit-o pe Ching Shih, i-a cerut s\u0103 se c\u0103s\u0103toreasc\u0103 cu el. Ching Shih i-a spus c\u0103 se va c\u0103s\u0103tori cu el numai dac\u0103 \u00eei va acorda o cot\u0103 de 50% din c\u00e2\u0219tigurile sale \u0219i un control par\u021bial asupra flotei sale de pira\u021bi. \u00cennebunit dup\u0103 ea, Zheng Yi a fost de acord cu toate condi\u021biile ei \u0219i s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit cu ea.<\/p>\n

Sub comanda comun\u0103 a lui Zheng Yi \u0219i Ching Shih, „Flota Ro\u0219ie” a pira\u0163ilor a \u00eenceput s\u0103 creasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 prospere ca niciodat\u0103. Flota a crescut de la 200 de nave, la momentul nun\u021bii lor, la 1800 de nave, \u00een urm\u0103toarele c\u00e2teva luni. Imediat dup\u0103 ce s-a al\u0103turat so\u021bului ei, Ching Shih a creat un fel de „cod de legi”, care trebuia respectat cu stricte\u021be de c\u0103tre tot echipajul. De exemplu:
\n– pira\u021bii care refuzau s\u0103 respecte ordinele, erau executa\u021bi pe loc;
\n– toate bunurile confiscate trebuiau prezentate pentru inspec\u021bie. Dac\u0103 un pirat ascundea bunuri, o parte a corpului lor era t\u0103iat\u0103, \u00een func\u021bie de amploarea infrac\u021biunii.
\n– loialitatea \u0219i onestitatea au fost foarte apreciate, iar pira\u021bii demni au fost recompensa\u021bi cu generozitate.
\n– femeile capturate trebuiau tratate cu respect. Cele slabe, \u00eens\u0103rcinate \u0219i neatractive erau eliberate c\u00e2t mai cur\u00e2nd posibil. Femeile atractive erau re\u021binute pentru r\u0103scump\u0103rare. Pira\u021bilor li s-a dat libertatea de a se c\u0103s\u0103tori cu aceste femei atr\u0103g\u0103toare, sub consim\u021b\u0103m\u00e2ntul reciproc.
\n– infidelitatea \u0219i violul erau tratate ca infrac\u021biuni grave.<\/p>\n

Drept urmare, multe dintre grupurile de pira\u021bi din regiune au fuzionat necondi\u021bionat sub steagul „Flotei Steagului Ro\u0219u”, ceea ce a dus la transformarea ei \u00een cea mai mare flot\u0103 de pira\u021bi de pe suprafa\u021ba planetei.<\/p>\n

\u00centruc\u00e2t n-au putut s\u0103 conceap\u0103 un viitor mo\u0219tenitor, cuplul de pira\u021bi a decis s\u0103 adopte un t\u00e2n\u0103r pescar, pe nume Cheung Po, dintr-un sat de coast\u0103 din apropiere. Acest lucru a \u00eensemnat c\u0103 Cheung Po a devenit al doilea comandant al lui Zheng Yi. Aceast\u0103 mi\u0219care i-a nedumerit pe mul\u021bi dintre membrii echipajului cu privire la motivul pentru care cuplul de pira\u021bi a ales s\u0103 adopte un b\u0103rbat complet adult.<\/p>\n

La doar 6 ani de la c\u0103s\u0103torie, \u00een 1807, via\u021ba lui Ching Shih a luat o \u00eentors\u0103tur\u0103 tragic\u0103 brusc\u0103, Zheng Yi murind \u00eentr-o furtun\u0103 devastatoare de pe coasta Vietnamului. Fiul lor adoptiv, Chang Pao, a fost numit \u00een func\u021bia de comandant principal al flotei de pira\u0163i \u0219i confidentul reginei pirate Ching Shih.<\/p>\n

Viitorul flotei era \u00een pericol. Au existat mai multe r\u0103zvr\u0103tiri, dar dup\u0103 ce tr\u0103d\u0103torii \u00eenfometa\u021bi de putere au fost captura\u021bi \u0219i executa\u021bi \u00een public, revolta a fost potolit\u0103. \u00cen urma acestei situa\u021bii, au fost puse \u00een aplicare m\u0103suri disciplinare mai stricte \u0219i coduri de legi mai aspre.<\/p>\n

La mai pu\u021bin de 2 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni dup\u0103 moartea tragic\u0103 a so\u021bului ei, regina pirat a anun\u021bat c\u0103 se va c\u0103s\u0103tori cu fiul ei adoptiv. Se spune c\u0103 a avut o rela\u021bie ilegitim\u0103 cu el de foarte mult timp; sub influen\u021ba ei, Zheng Yi \u00eel adoptase pe t\u00e2n\u0103rul pescar \u0219i l-a declarat mo\u0219tenitorul s\u0103u.<\/p>\n

Sub conducerea lui Ching Shih, „Flota Ro\u0219ie” a pornit pentru a captura noi sate de coast\u0103 \u0219i a men\u0163ine controlul total \u0219i domina\u021bia asupra M\u0103rii Chinei de Sud. „Flota Ro\u015fie” a devenit o mare problem\u0103 cu care s-au confruntat colonizatorii britanici \u0219i francezi, deoarece navele lor erau jefuite \u00een mod regulat de pira\u021bi.<\/p>\n

S-a ajuns la situa\u0163ia \u00een care nicio nav\u0103 nu se deplasa \u00een Marea Chinei de Sud f\u0103r\u0103 \u0219tirea armatei lui Ching Shih. Ora\u0219ele de coast\u0103 lucrau pentru pira\u0163i, aprovizion\u00e2ndu-i cu alimente, bunuri \u0219i alte provizii. Navele care doreau s\u0103 traverseze Marea Chinei de Sud erau impozitate de c\u0103tre pira\u021bi. Dac\u0103 refuzau, erau ataca\u021bi \u0219i jefui\u021bi imediat.<\/p>\n

\u00cens\u0103, \u00eemp\u0103ratul Chinei dorea s\u0103 pun\u0103 cap\u0103t tuturor acestor lucruri. A\u015fadar, navele Marinei Chineze au fost trimise s\u0103 se confrunte cu „Flota Ro\u015fie” \u00een Marea Chinei de Sud, \u00eens\u0103 au suferit o \u00eenfr\u00e2ngere umilitoare.<\/p>\n

\u00cemp\u0103ratul Chinei s-a \u00eenfuriat afl\u00e2nd c\u0103 o femeie controleaz\u0103 o cantitate at\u00e2t de mare de teritorii, m\u0103ri, resurse \u0219i oameni. \u00cen \u00eencercarea de a \u00eencheia un acord de pace cu pira\u021bii, \u00eemp\u0103ratul a oferit o amnistie tuturor pira\u021bilor „Flotei Ro\u015fii”, \u00een speran\u021ba de a pune cap\u0103t domniei lui Ching Shih peste mare.<\/p>\n

\u00centre timp, „Flota Ro\u0219ie” a fost atacat\u0103 de marina portughez\u0103, care fusese deja \u00eenfr\u00e2nt\u0103 de dou\u0103 ori \u00eenainte. Cu toate acestea, de data aceasta lucrurile erau diferite, venind preg\u0103tit\u0103 cu nave \u0219i arme superioare.<\/p>\n

Ching Shih \u015fi-a dat seama c\u0103 lucrurile nu merg bine, a\u0219a c\u0103 a acceptat cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 amnistia oferit\u0103 de \u00eemp\u0103ratul chinez. \u00centregul echipaj al „Flotei Ro\u0219ii” a fost for\u021bat s\u0103 se predea. \u00cemp\u0103ratul a permis pira\u021bilor s\u0103 ia acas\u0103 tot prada acumulat\u0103 de-a lungul anilor, f\u0103r\u0103 a le face nimic, \u0219i, \u00een plus, mai mul\u021bi pira\u021bi au primit locuri de munc\u0103 \u00een cadrul aparatului guvernamental chinez. Fiul adoptiv al lui Ching Shih a devenit c\u0103pitanul Marinei Chineze din Guangdong. \u00cen 1813, ea a n\u0103scut primul copil, un fiu pe nume Cheung Yu Lin, urmat de o fiic\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1822, al doilea so\u021b al ei \u0219i-a pierdut via\u021ba pe mare, dup\u0103 care Ching Shih s-a mutat la Macau, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu copiii ei \u0219i \u015fi-a deschis o cas\u0103 de jocuri de noroc cu toat\u0103 averea pe care o dob\u00e2ndise pe mare. De asemenea, a fost implicat\u0103 \u00een comer\u021bul cu sare. Spre sf\u00e2r\u0219itul vie\u021bii, \u015fi-a deschis un bordel \u00een Macao.<\/p>\n

Este destul de ironic faptul c\u0103, dup\u0103 toate necazurile pe care le provocase, ea a murit lini\u0219tit\u0103 \u00een somn la v\u00e2rsta de 69 de ani. \u00cen ciuda violen\u021bei \u0219i a activit\u0103\u021bilor ilegale din jurul acestei pove\u0219ti, via\u021ba lui Ching Shih transmite un mesaj cu privire la modul \u00een care un t\u00e2n\u0103r adolescent, for\u021bat s\u0103 prostitueze, a trecut la comanda celei mai mari flote de pira\u021bi nemilo\u0219i. Dac\u0103 este un lucru pe care l-am putea \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba din acest capitol din istorie, este acela c\u0103 o femeie hot\u0103r\u00e2t\u0103 este de neoprit \u0219i posed\u0103 puterea de a rescrie istoria.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e2nd auzi\u0163i cuv\u00e2ntul „pirat”, v\u0103 g\u00e2ndi\u0163i la un om feroce ca Barb\u0103 Neagr\u0103 sau Sir Francis Drake – ace\u0219ti b\u0103rba\u021bi fiind considera\u021bi a fi cei mai de succes pira\u021bi din toate timpurile. \u00cens\u0103, contrar a\u015ftept\u0103rilor, cel mai mare pirat din … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":76603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[127,17139,1945,446,17138,1121,7685,2487,295,1532,11284,6995,108,1684,151,236,3134,458,1593,3942,265],"class_list":["post-76602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-alimente","tag-barba-neagra","tag-casatorie","tag-china","tag-ching-shih","tag-femeie","tag-francis-drake","tag-furtuna","tag-imparat","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-macao","tag-marea-chinei-de-sud","tag-moarte","tag-nave","tag-oras","tag-orase","tag-pescar","tag-pirat","tag-regina","tag-sare","tag-vietnam","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nCel mai de succes pirat din istoria omenirii a fost o femeie: regina-pirat Ching Shih! 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