{"id":73808,"date":"2021-02-27T22:17:33","date_gmt":"2021-02-27T20:17:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=73808"},"modified":"2021-02-27T22:17:33","modified_gmt":"2021-02-27T20:17:33","slug":"tragedia-cetatii-masada-cum-aproape-1-000-de-luptatori-evrei-s-au-sinucis-in-grup-doar-pentru-a-nu-cade-in-mainile-romanilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/tragedia-cetatii-masada-cum-aproape-1-000-de-luptatori-evrei-s-au-sinucis-in-grup-doar-pentru-a-nu-cade-in-mainile-romanilor\/","title":{"rendered":"Tragedia cet\u0103\u0163ii Masada – cum aproape 1.000 de lupt\u0103tori evrei s-au sinucis \u00een grup, doar pentru a nu cade \u00een m\u00e2inile romanilor"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Josephus, autorul „<\/em>R\u0103zboaieior Evreilor”<\/em><\/strong>, descrie \u00een opera sa c\u0103derea fort\u0103re\u0163ei Masada, cu ocazia c\u0103reia s-a sinucis o garnizoan\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la ultimul b\u0103rbat \u015fi ultima femeie, cu excep\u0163ia a dou\u0103 b\u0103tr\u00e2ne \u015fi cinci copii. Cu to\u0163ii s-au sinucis pentru a nu c\u0103dea \u00een m\u00e2inile romanilor.<\/p>\n

Masada fusese ridicat\u0103 de c\u0103tre regele Irod \u00een v\u00e2rful unui deal \u00eenalt \u015fi era pe atunci cea mai puternic\u0103 fort\u0103rea\u0163\u0103 a Orientului. Josephus i-a descris cu am\u0103nun\u0163ime sistemele de ap\u0103rare. Pe vremea lui Irod era invincibil\u0103, \u015fi ar fi r\u0103mas invincibil\u0103 \u00een toat\u0103 perioada Antichit\u0103\u0163ii, put\u00e2nd rezista oric\u0103rei armate cu sisteme de mecanic\u0103 mai pu\u0163in
\nevoluate dec\u00e2t ale romanilor.<\/p>\n

Revolta evreilor \u00eempotriva romanilor, cur\u00e2nd dup\u0103 moartea M\u00e2ntuitorului, a ridicat
\ncuceritorilor romani o sumedenie de probleme. Dup\u0103 ce au p\u0103truns \u00een Ierusalim, ei au avut numeroase h\u0103r\u0163uieli cu c\u00e2teva grupe de patrio\u0163i evrei, dintre care mul\u0163i erau cunoscu\u0163i sub numele de sicari. Conduc\u0103torul lor, Eleazar, un b\u0103rbat de mare curaj \u015fi un spirit plin de resurse, s-a retras dinaintea romanilor \u00een cetatea Masada, cu o armat\u0103 de 960 sicari, plus femeile \u015fi copiii acestora, hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 reziste p\u00e2n\u0103 la ultima pic\u0103tur\u0103 de s\u00e2nge.<\/p>\n

Generalul roman Flavius Silva avea un num\u0103r de oameni de zece ori mai mare dec\u00e2t al lui Eleazar \u015fi \u00ee\u015fi putea re\u00eennoi oric\u00e2nd for\u0163ele. El \u00ee\u015fi d\u0103du seama, din capul locului, c\u0103 Masada nu putea fi luat\u0103 cu asalt \u015fi-\u015fi instala tab\u0103ra al\u0103turi, pun\u00e2nd s\u0103 se construiasc\u0103 un fort mai \u00eenalt dec\u00e2t zidurile cet\u0103\u0163ii. Din v\u00e2rful acestuia, romanii bombardar\u0103 fort\u0103rea\u0163a cu bolovani, butuci aprin\u015fi, uleiuri fierbin\u0163i \u015fi diferite alte proiectile ucig\u0103toare, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu o necontenit\u0103 ploaie de s\u0103ge\u0163i.<\/p>\n

Josephus face c\u00e2teva aser\u0163iuni surprinz\u0103toare cu privire la proviziile acestei fort\u0103re\u0163e \u015fi ne spune c\u0103 aerul era at\u00e2t de pur, \u00eenc\u00e2t alimentele s-ar fi putut p\u0103stra aici o sut\u0103 de ani: „Se depozitase gr\u00e2u \u00een cantit\u0103\u0163i mari \u015fi din acela care ar fi putut dura vreme \u00eendelungat\u0103; apoi vinuri \u015fi uleiuri din abunden\u0163\u0103, smochine \u015fi tot felul de fructe; toate acestea le g\u0103si Eleazar acolo, c\u00e2nd a intrat \u00eempreun\u0103 cu sicarii s\u0103i \u00een fort\u0103rea\u0163\u0103. Fructele erau proaspete \u015fi fragede, cu nimic mai prejos dec\u00e2t cele culese chiar atunci din pomi, de\u015fi trecuser\u0103 aproape o sut\u0103 de ani de la depozitarea lor \u015fi p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd cetatea a fost luat\u0103 de c\u0103tre romani (…) \u00eendelunga lor p\u0103strare s-a datorat \u00een\u0103l\u0163imii la care se afla cetatea \u015fi aerului s\u0103u at\u00e2t de curat.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Josephus descrie mai departe, procedeul prin care a fost luat\u0103 aceast\u0103 formidabil\u0103 fort\u0103rea\u0163\u0103: „Comandantul roman Silva, dup\u0103 ce a ridicat un zid de jur \u00eemprejurul cet\u0103\u0163ii r\u0103pind astfel asedia\u0163ilor orice posibilitate de retragere, a \u00eentreprins el \u00eensu\u015fi atacul, de\u015fi n-a g\u0103sit dec\u00e2t un singur loc prielnic movilei de p\u0103m\u00e2nt pe care voia s-o ridice. \u00cend\u0103r\u0103tul turnului ce se ridica \u00een dreptul drumului care ducea la palat \u015fi c\u0103tre partea dinspre vest a platoului se afla o proeminen\u0163\u0103 st\u00e2ncoas\u0103 foarte larg\u0103, dar cu vreo 150 de metri sub partea superioar\u0103 a Masadei – aceasta se numia Promonioriul Alb. El se sui deci pe st\u00e2nca aceea \u015fi d\u0103du ordin armatei s\u0103 care p\u0103m\u00e2nt; \u00een scurt timp se ridic\u0103 o movil\u0103 de 200 de cubi\u0163i at\u00e2t \u00een l\u0103\u0163ime c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime. \u00centre altele, romanii aveau un turn de 60 cubi\u0163i acoperit cu pl\u0103ci de fier, din care aruncau s\u0103ge\u0163i \u015fi bolovani \u015fi cur\u00e2nd \u00eei silir\u0103 pe aceia care luptau pe creasta zidului, s\u0103 se retrag\u0103. \u00cen acela\u015fi timp, Silva d\u0103du ordin s\u0103 se aduc\u0103 berbecele cel mare, care cu oarecare greutate f\u0103cu o mare sp\u0103rtur\u0103 \u00een zid \u015fi sf\u00e2r\u015fi prin a-l d\u0103r\u00e2ma aproape cu totul. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00cen ziua c\u00e2nd se preg\u0103teau s\u0103 intre \u00een fort\u0103rea\u0163\u0103, Eleazar \u0163inu oamenilor s\u0103i un discurs r\u0103mas celebru \u015fi-i convinse s\u0103-\u015fi ia via\u0163a: „De ce s\u0103 ne temem de moarte”, le zise el „c\u00e2nd odihna pe care o gust\u0103m \u00een somn e at\u00e2t de dulce? \u015ei c\u00e2t de absurd ar fi s\u0103 prefer\u0103m o via\u0163\u0103 de sclavie uneia de etern\u0103 libertate?\u201c”<\/em><\/p>\n

Mai departe Josephus ne spune: „So\u0163ii \u00ee\u015fi \u00eembr\u0103\u0163i\u015far\u0103 cu dragoste so\u0163iile \u015fi-\u015fi luar\u0103 copiii \u00een bra\u0163e, s\u0103rut\u00e2ndu-i \u00eendelung, cu lacrimi \u00een ochi. Dar, \u00een acela\u015fi timp, ei \u00ee\u015fi \u00eendeplinir\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2rea, pentru a le cru\u0163a mizeriile pe care ar fi putut s\u0103 le \u00eendure c\u0103z\u00e2nd \u00een m\u00e2inile du\u015fmanilor. Apoi, socotind c\u0103 ar fi fos o crim\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de cei uci\u015fi s\u0103 le mai supravie\u0163uiasc\u0103 o singur\u0103 clip\u0103, \u00ee\u015fi adunar\u0103 tot avutul la un loc \u015fi d\u0103dur\u0103 foc gr\u0103mezii; \u00een cele din urm\u0103, se aleser\u0103 zece prin tragere la sor\u0163i ca s\u0103-i \u00eenjunghie pe to\u0163i ceilal\u0163i care se \u00eentinser\u0103 fiecare l\u00e2ng\u0103 so\u0163iile \u015fi copiii lor \u00eembr\u0103\u0163i\u015f\u00e2ndu-i, \u015fi a\u015ftept\u00e2nd s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 lovitura liberatoare. C\u00e2nd terminar\u0103 cu execu\u0163iile, ace\u015fti zece traser\u0103 din nou la sor\u0163i pentru alegerea unuia de m\u00e2na c\u0103ruia aveau s\u0103 piar\u0103 ultimii nou\u0103, el r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd s\u0103 se sinucid\u0103. Ultimul r\u0103mas \u00een via\u0163\u0103 mai arunc\u0103 o privire asupra masei de cadavre spre a se asigura c\u0103 nu mai era nimeni care s\u0103 aib\u0103 nevoie de sabia sa, \u015fi, \u00eencredin\u0163andu-se c\u0103 dormeau cu to\u0163ii somnul de veci, d\u0103du foc palatului \u015fi apoi \u00ee\u015fi \u00eenfipse pumnalul \u00een inim\u0103 c\u0103z\u00e2nd l\u00e2ng\u0103 familia sa.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Astfel pierir\u0103 ace\u015fti oameni, cu g\u00e2ndul ca niciunul dintre ei s\u0103 nu cad\u0103 viu \u00een m\u00e2inile romanilor. Sc\u0103par\u0103 totu\u015fi m\u0103celului, cinci copii \u015fi dou\u0103 femei b\u0103tr\u00e2ne – dintre care una era rud\u0103 cu Eleazar, superioar\u0103 celorlalte femei prin \u00een\u0163elepciune \u015fi pruden\u0163\u0103 – care intraser\u0103 \u00een ni\u015fte coridoare subterane spre a aduce ap\u0103, \u015fi r\u0103m\u0103seser\u0103 ascun\u015fi acolo, pe c\u00e2nd ceilal\u0163i se \u00eenjunghiau. Iar num\u0103rul celorlal\u0163i trecea de 960 persoane, f\u0103r\u0103 a mai pune la socoteal\u0103 femeile \u015fi copiii.<\/p>\n

P\u0103trunz\u00e2nd \u00een Masada, romanii se oprir\u0103 \u00eenm\u0103rmuri\u0163i \u00eenaintea s\u00e2ngerosului spectacol pe care cetatea \u00eel oferea. Moartea avusese ultimul cuv\u00e2nt \u015fi se dovedise o putere superioar\u0103 falnicei Rome. Cuceritorii salutar\u0103 cu capetele plecate, vitejia sicarilor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Josephus, autorul „R\u0103zboaieior Evreilor”, descrie \u00een opera sa c\u0103derea fort\u0103re\u0163ei Masada, cu ocazia c\u0103reia s-a sinucis o garnizoan\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la ultimul b\u0103rbat \u015fi ultima femeie, cu excep\u0163ia a dou\u0103 b\u0103tr\u00e2ne \u015fi cinci copii. Cu to\u0163ii s-au sinucis pentru a … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":73809,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[3864,127,559,70,2280,16475,218,1941,780,5264,2095,334,1267,1532,10913,16474,108,2149,453,858,2702,16476,681,5460,1205,3098,5155,543,5997],"class_list":["post-73808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-aer","tag-alimente","tag-antichitate","tag-armata","tag-cetate","tag-eleazar","tag-evrei","tag-fier","tag-fructe","tag-general","tag-ierusalim","tag-inima","tag-irod","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-josephus","tag-masada","tag-moarte","tag-palat","tag-rege","tag-romani","tag-sageti","tag-sicari","tag-sinucidere","tag-smochine","tag-stanca","tag-turn","tag-ulei","tag-vin","tag-zid","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nTragedia cet\u0103\u0163ii Masada - cum aproape 1.000 de lupt\u0103tori evrei s-au sinucis \u00een grup, doar pentru a nu cade \u00een m\u00e2inile romanilor - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/tragedia-cetatii-masada-cum-aproape-1-000-de-luptatori-evrei-s-au-sinucis-in-grup-doar-pentru-a-nu-cade-in-mainile-romanilor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tragedia cet\u0103\u0163ii Masada - cum aproape 1.000 de lupt\u0103tori evrei s-au sinucis \u00een grup, doar pentru a nu cade \u00een m\u00e2inile romanilor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Josephus, autorul „R\u0103zboaieior Evreilor”, descrie \u00een opera sa c\u0103derea fort\u0103re\u0163ei Masada, cu ocazia c\u0103reia s-a sinucis o garnizoan\u0103 \u00eentreag\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la ultimul b\u0103rbat \u015fi ultima femeie, cu excep\u0163ia a dou\u0103 b\u0103tr\u00e2ne \u015fi cinci copii. 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