{"id":7368,"date":"2009-09-05T17:39:44","date_gmt":"2009-09-05T14:39:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=7368"},"modified":"2009-09-06T13:15:35","modified_gmt":"2009-09-06T10:15:35","slug":"legiunea-straina-franceza-o-unitate-de-mercenari-de-aproape-200-de-ani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/legiunea-straina-franceza-o-unitate-de-mercenari-de-aproape-200-de-ani\/","title":{"rendered":"Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103 Francez\u0103: o unitate de mercenari de aproape 200 de ani"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Legiune<\/a>Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103 Francez\u0103 (sau simplu, Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103), o unitate unic\u0103 a armatei franceze, \u00ee\u015fi are originile \u00een tradi\u0163iile trupelor str\u0103ine care au servit Fran\u0163a \u00een timpul Evului Mediu. To\u0163i cred c\u0103 au auzit de g\u0103rzile sco\u0163iene ale regelui francez Charles al VII-lea, de g\u0103rzile elve\u0163iene ale regilor Bourboni, sau de trupele poloneze ale lui Napoleon.<\/p>\n

Necesitatea cre\u0103rii Legiunii Str\u0103ine a venit din faptul c\u0103, dup\u0103 revolu\u0163ia francez\u0103 din iulie 1830 str\u0103inilor le-a fost interzis \u00een a se \u00eenscrie \u00een aramata francez\u0103, a\u015fa c\u0103 Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103 a fost creat\u0103 pentru a permite acest lucru. Evenimentul a avut loc la 10 martie 1831, atunci c\u00e2nd regele francez Louis Philippe a semnat ordinul de creare a Legiunii Str\u0103ine<\/p>\n

65 de legionari au luptat cu 2.000 de mexicani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103 a fost instrumentul ideal \u00een a proteja \u015fi a extinde imperiul colonial francez din secolul al XIX-lea, dar a putut fi folosit\u0103 \u015fi \u00een alte r\u0103zboaie \u00een care Fran\u0163a a participat. Astfel, legiunea a participat \u00een diverse lupte \u00een Algeria, Crimeea (1855), Italia (1859) sau Mexic (1863). \u00cen Mexic, \u015fi-a c\u00e2\u015ftigat un titlu de glorie, \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Camerone Hacienda, doar 65 de legionari \u0163in\u00e2nd piept la 2.000 de mexicani! Apoi, au urmat campaniile din Tonkin, Sudan, Dahomey, Madagascar \u015fi Maroc. Dar Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103 a luptat \u015fi pe teritoriul Fran\u0163ei, \u00een r\u0103zboaiele franco-prusac (1870), \u00een primul \u015fi \u00een cel de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial.<\/p>\n

Timp de 131 de ani, Legiunea Francez\u0103 \u015fi-a avut sediul central \u00een Algeria, dar dup\u0103 cucerirea independen\u0163ei de c\u0103tre aceast\u0103 \u0163ar\u0103, \u00een 1962, legiunea se instaleaz\u0103 \u00een alte loca\u0163ii: \u00een sudul Fran\u0163ei, \u00een insula Corsica, \u00een Djibouti, Madagascar, Tahiti \u015fi Guineea francez\u0103. Ultimul mare r\u0103zboi la care Legiunea Francez\u0103 a fost implicat\u0103 a fost r\u0103zboiul din Golf (1990-1991), unde s-a comportat cu brio.<\/p>\n

\"Legiune<\/a>Cine sunt membrii Legiunii franceze?<\/strong><\/p>\n

De\u015fi majoritatea ofi\u0163erilor Legiunii Str\u0103ine provin din r\u00e2ndul armatei franceze (\u015fi astfel sunt francezi), 10% din ei o formeaz\u0103 fo\u015ftii legionari care au reu\u015fit astfel s\u0103 avanseze \u00een grad. \u00cen ceea ce prive\u015fte membrii propriu-zi\u015fi ai legiunii, na\u0163ionalitatea lor difer\u0103 \u00een func\u0163ie de perioada istoric\u0103. O anumit\u0103 cre\u015ftere a membrilor dintr-o anumit\u0103 \u0163ar\u0103 semnific\u0103 faptul c\u0103 \u00een respectiva \u0163ar\u0103 a intervenit o criz\u0103 politic\u0103, mul\u0163i tineri g\u0103sindu-\u015fi refugiul \u00een Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103. Astfel, dup\u0103 primul r\u0103zboi mondial, mul\u0163i ru\u015fi s-au \u00eenrolat \u00een legiune (datorit\u0103 venirii bol\u015fevicilor la putere). Dup\u0103 cel de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial, mul\u0163i cehi, polonezi \u015fi evrei din Europa de est s-au al\u0103turat legiunii (datorit\u0103 venirii la putere a regimului comunist). Dup\u0103 1990, se constat\u0103 o cre\u015ftere a recru\u0163ilor provenite din fostele republice ale URSS (datorit\u0103 crizei din aceste \u0163\u0103ri). \u00cen ultimii ani, se constat\u0103 o cre\u015ftere a membrilor din \u0163\u0103rile balcanice \u015fi din Africa.<\/p>\n

Totu\u015fi, \u00een afara recru\u0163ilor ajun\u015fi aici din motive economice sau politice, se constat\u0103 de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul celui de-al doilea r\u0103zboi mondial, un nucleu dur al recru\u0163ilor proveni\u0163i din dou\u0103 \u0163\u0103ri: Germania \u015fi Marea Britanie. Se crede c\u0103 germanii formeaz\u0103 circa 35% din membrii legiunii din ultimii 60 de ani. \u015ei englezii stau destul de bine \u00een cadrul Legiunii Str\u0103ine, \u00een special din anii ’80, c\u00e2nd militarii restructura\u0163i din armata britanic\u0103 au luat calea legiunii. \u00cen marea majoritate a lor, fo\u015ftii militari britanici erau para\u015futi\u015fti, a\u015fa c\u0103 unitatea format\u0103 de ei \u00een cadrul Legiunii Str\u0103ine a mai fost denumit\u0103 \u015fi „2eme PARA” (Unitatea a 2-a para\u015futi\u015fti), f\u0103c\u00e2nd referin\u0163\u0103 la „Batalionul 2 de Para\u015futi\u015fti” ai armatei britanice.<\/p>\n

\"Legiune<\/a>Pot ajunge \u015fi criminali \u00een Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen trecut, legiunea avea o reputa\u0163ie proast\u0103, \u00een sensul c\u0103 atr\u0103gea criminali \u015fi alte elemente antisociale, dar \u00een ultimii ani, trecutul fiec\u0103rui recrut poten\u0163ial este verificat cu aten\u0163ie. \u00cen general vorbind, infractorii \u015fi cei condamna\u0163i la \u00eenchisoare \u00een trecut, le este interzis s\u0103 se \u00eenroleze \u00een legiune.<\/p>\n

Interesant e faptul c\u0103 legionarii pot s\u0103 se \u00eenscrie la \u00eenceput \u015fi sub forma unui pseudonim. Cet\u0103\u0163enii francezi se pot \u00eenrola \u00een legiune, declar\u00e2ndu-\u015fi o cet\u0103\u0163enie fictiv\u0103 (de regul\u0103, una francofon\u0103). Dup\u0103 un an de serviciu \u00een cadrul legiunii, legionarii \u00ee\u015fi pot reglementa situa\u0163ia, ar\u0103t\u00e2ndu-\u015fi identitatea lor adev\u0103rat\u0103. Dup\u0103 trei ani \u00een Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103, cet\u0103\u0163enii str\u0103ini pot primi cet\u0103\u0163enia francez\u0103, dar trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 o identitate real\u0103.<\/p>\n

Gradele din Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103 sunt 3 categorii de grade: legionari propriu-zi\u015fi, subofi\u0163eri \u015fi ofi\u0163eri.<\/p>\n

Legionarii propriu-zi\u015fi<\/strong> pot fi \u00eencadra\u0163i \u00een una din urm\u0103toarele categorii: voluntar (15 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni de antrenament), soldat clasa a 2-a (ce parcurge un ciclu complet de antrenament), soldat clasa 1 (p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 2 ani de serviciu \u00een legiune), caporal (peste 2 ani de serviciu) \u015fi caporal-\u015fef (peste 6 ani de serviciu).<\/p>\n

Subofi\u0163erii<\/strong> se \u00eempart \u00een: sergent (dup\u0103 3 ani de activitate), sergent-\u015fef (7-14 de activitate, \u015fi 3 ani de zile ca sergent), adjutant (cel pu\u0163in 3 ani ca sergen-\u015fef), adjutant-\u015fef (cel pu\u0163in 14 ani de activitate, din care 4 ani ca adjutant) \u015fi sergent-major.<\/p>\n

Ofi\u0163erii<\/strong>, sunt \u00een marea lor majoritate din armata francez\u0103, \u015fi se impart \u00een: cadet, sublocotenent, locotenent, c\u0103pitan, comandant-maior, locotenent-colonel, colonel \u015fi brigadier general.<\/p>\n

\u201cCodul Onoarei\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fiecare legionar trebuie s\u0103 cunoasc\u0103 \u201cCodul Onoarei al legionarilor\u201d, care cuprinde urm\u0103toarele puncte:<\/p>\n

– Servirea Fran\u0163ei cu onoare \u015fi fidelitate;<\/p>\n

– Fiecare legionar este \u201cfrate \u00een arme\u201d cu cel\u0103lal\u0163i legionari, indiferent de religie, ras\u0103 sau na\u0163ionalitate. El trebuie s\u0103 demonstreze solidaritatea \u015fi s\u0103 ac\u0163ioneze ca membru al aceleia\u015fi familii unite;<\/p>\n

– Respectarea tradi\u0163iilor, devo\u0163iunea fa\u0163\u0103 de comandan\u0163i, disciplina \u015fi tov\u0103r\u0103\u015fia;<\/p>\n

– Fiecare legionar trebuie s\u0103 fie m\u00e2ndru de statutul s\u0103u, s\u0103 afi\u015feze acest lucru \u00een uniforma sa, care trebuie s\u0103 arate impecabil\u0103, iar comportamentul s\u0103u trebuie s\u0103 fie demn dar modest;<\/p>\n

– Legionarul trebuie s\u0103 simt\u0103 c\u0103 este un soldat de elit\u0103, care se antreneaz\u0103 \u00een mod riguros, are grij\u0103 de arma sa \u015fi este preocupat \u00een mod constant \u00een a-\u015fi men\u0163ine forma fizic\u0103;<\/p>\n

– Legionarul trebuie s\u0103 duc\u0103 la \u00eendeplinire orice misiune, pe care trebuie o consider\u0103 sacr\u0103, respect\u00e2nd legile, regulile de r\u0103zboi intrena\u0163ionale, \u015fi, risc\u00e2ndu-\u015fi via\u0163a, dac\u0103 este necesar;<\/p>\n

– Legionarul trebuie s\u0103 ac\u0163ioneze \u00een r\u0103zboi f\u0103r\u0103 pasiune \u015fi ur\u0103, s\u0103-\u015fi respecte inamicul, s\u0103 nu-\u015fi abandoneze tovar\u0103\u015fii r\u0103ni\u0163i sau mor\u0163i \u015fi s\u0103 nu-\u015fi predea armele.<\/p>\n

\"Legiune<\/a>Cum decurge un process de recrutare \u015fi selec\u0163ie a legionarilor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cine vrea s\u0103 se \u00eenroleze \u00een Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103, trebuie s\u0103 se prezinte la centrul de recrutare din Aubagne \u2013 Paris, unde va parcurge urm\u0103toarele etape:<\/p>\n

a) Preselec\u0163ie<\/strong> (1-3 zile), unde va avea un control medical ini\u0163ial \u015fi se finalizeaz\u0103 completarea h\u00e2rtiilor de \u00eenscriere<\/p>\n

b) Selec\u0163ie<\/strong> (1-10 zile), \u00een care recrutul va da teste psihologice, de personalitate \u015fi de logic\u0103, va avea parte de un examen medical am\u0103nun\u0163it, va da c\u00e2teva teste fizice, \u015fi va avea interviuri de motiva\u0163ie. \u00cen aceast\u0103 etap\u0103, se aprob\u0103 sau se respinge selec\u0163ia.<\/p>\n

c) Selec\u0163ia final\u0103<\/strong> (7 zile) \u2013 se semneaz\u0103 un contract pe 5 ani \u015fi se pleac\u0103 \u00eentr-una din bazele legiunii pentru antrenamente.<\/p>\n

Un antrenament de baz\u0103 \u00een Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Un antrenament de baz\u0103 are 15 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni, \u015fi include urm\u0103toarele etape:<\/p>\n

– antrenament ini\u0163ial (4 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni) \u2013 ini\u0163iere \u00een via\u0163a de armat\u0103, activit\u0103\u0163i de teren, \u00eenv\u0103\u0163area tradi\u0163iilor legiunii;<\/p>\n

– mar\u015ful \u201cKepi Blanc\u201d \u015fi ceremonia de absolvire (1 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103);<\/p>\n

– antrenament de teren (tehnici \u015fi practici) (3 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni);<\/p>\n

– antrenament montan (1 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103) \u2013 \u00een Mun\u0163ii Pirinei din Fran\u0163a;<\/p>\n

– antrenament de teren (tehnici \u015fi practici) (2 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni);<\/p>\n

– examin\u0103ri \u015fi ob\u0163inerea certificatului tehnic elementar (1 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103);<\/p>\n

– antrenament de mar\u015f (1 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103);<\/p>\n

– \u015fcoal\u0103 de vehicule u\u015foare \u015fi camioane (1 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103)<\/p>\n

– \u00eentoarcerea la Aubigne \u015fi desemnarea fiec\u0103rui recrut a unui regiment (1 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103 Francez\u0103 (sau simplu, Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103), o unitate unic\u0103 a armatei franceze, \u00ee\u015fi are originile \u00een tradi\u0163iile trupelor str\u0103ine care au servit Fran\u0163a \u00een timpul Evului Mediu. To\u0163i cred c\u0103 au auzit de g\u0103rzile sco\u0163iene ale regelui francez Charles … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7369,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[70,202,1532,2126,1290,513],"class_list":["post-7368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-armata","tag-franta","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-legiunea-straina","tag-mercenari","tag-soldati","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nLegiunea Str\u0103in\u0103 Francez\u0103: o unitate de mercenari de aproape 200 de ani - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/legiunea-straina-franceza-o-unitate-de-mercenari-de-aproape-200-de-ani\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103 Francez\u0103: o unitate de mercenari de aproape 200 de ani\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103 Francez\u0103 (sau simplu, Legiunea Str\u0103in\u0103), o unitate unic\u0103 a armatei franceze, \u00ee\u015fi are originile \u00een tradi\u0163iile trupelor str\u0103ine care au servit Fran\u0163a \u00een timpul Evului Mediu. 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