{"id":7026,"date":"2009-08-21T09:34:48","date_gmt":"2009-08-21T06:34:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=7026"},"modified":"2009-08-22T13:53:04","modified_gmt":"2009-08-22T10:53:04","slug":"ferdinand-si-imelda-marcos-cuplul-prezidential-care-a-furat-miliarde-de-dolari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/ferdinand-si-imelda-marcos-cuplul-prezidential-care-a-furat-miliarde-de-dolari\/","title":{"rendered":"Ferdinand \u015fi Imelda Marcos, cuplul preziden\u0163ial care a furat miliarde de dolari"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Imelda<\/a>1986, Filipine…Imelda Marcos, una dintre cele mai bogate \u015fi mai puternice femei din lume, fusese obligat\u0103 s\u0103 ia calea exilului, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu so\u0163ul ei, Ferdinand, fostul pre\u015fedinte, acum c\u0103zut \u00een disgra\u0163ie, al Filipinelor. Cei doi nu mureau de ru\u015fine. Indigna\u0163i \u015fi dezam\u0103gi\u0163i, croiau deja planuri de \u00eentoarcere acas\u0103. Marcos se considera salvatorul \u015fi p\u0103rintele Filipinelor. Imelda se credea mama patriei sale \u015fi un adev\u0103rat izvor al vie\u0163ii pentru popor; dar iat\u0103 c\u0103 presa interna\u0163ional\u0103 nu discuta dec\u00e2t despre pantofi!<\/p>\n

3.000 de perechi de pantofi ai Imeldei Marcos<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd ea \u015fi so\u0163ul ei au fost da\u0163i jos de la putere, \u00een 1986, dulapurile Imeldei din palatul preziden\u0163ial Malacanang con\u0163ineau peste 3000 de perechi de pantofi, m\u0103rimea 37. O adev\u0103rat\u0103 min\u0103 de aur pentru pres\u0103. Zilnic, ziarele publicau c\u00e2te un articol nou despre ace\u015fti pantofiori. Pantofi maro. Pantofi negri. Pantofi din piele de aligator. Pantofi de dans din plastic, cu tocuri luminate. Tocuri cui. Sandale. Conduri. Pantofi cu barete. Pantofi Ferragamo. Pantofi Andrew Geller.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prima doamn\u0103 a \u0163\u0103rii se sim\u0163ea nedrept\u0103\u0163it\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ziarele se delectau de asemenea cu tip\u0103rirea unor liste cu desuuri, ce cuprindeau inclusiv un sutien antiglon\u0163 \u015fi se amuzau pe seama ostenta\u0163iei Imeldei. Nu se sufla niciun cuvin\u0163el despre realiz\u0103rile ei. De unde veneau apa, energia, m\u00e2ncarea \u015fi locuin\u0163ele filipinezilor \u015fi cine avusese grij\u0103 s\u0103 le asigure timp de unsprezece ani, ca guvernator al Manilei metropolitane? Cine revendicase sute de hectare de teren pentru a construi ad\u0103posturi pentru cet\u0103\u0163eni \u015fi a le da p\u0103m\u00e2nt de cultivat? Cine cl\u0103dise blocuri pentru s\u0103raci? Cine aprovizionase complexele alimentare \u015fi magazinele mici cu hran\u0103 ieftin\u0103 pentru popor? Imelda Marcos – protectoarea na\u0163iunii sub toate formele ei – de la copil la b\u0103tr\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

Imelda era furibund\u0103 din cauza modului \u00een care presa o portretiza drept o femeie frivol\u0103. Ei, \u015fi ce dac\u0103 poseda o garderob\u0103 uria\u015f\u0103? Doar era prima doamn\u0103 a unui mare stat \u00een curs de dezvoltare – o vedet\u0103 \u015fi totodat\u0103 umila servitoare a acelei \u0163\u0103ri. Poporul dorea ca reprezentanta lui pe scena lumii s\u0103 fie elegant\u0103. Nu \u00eenc\u0103pea \u00eendoial\u0103 c\u0103 se puteau aloca ni\u015fte fonduri bugetare \u015fi pentru asta.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2teva miliarde de dolari devaliza\u0163i din averea \u0163\u0103rii<\/strong><\/p>\n

La plecarea \u00een exil, se considera jecm\u0103nit\u0103. Luase cu ea \u201enumai” treizeci \u015fi dou\u0103 de valize. Dar bagajele con\u0163ineau, la o evaluare estimativ\u0103, nou\u0103 milioane de dolari \u00een bijuterii, bani lichizi \u015fi titluri valorice. Unsprezece giuvaeruri nepre\u0163uite erau ascunse \u00eentr-o cutie de \u015ferve\u0163ele Kleenex, trecut\u0103 prin vam\u0103 de nepo\u0163ica ei. Conform capetelor de acuzare formulate \u00een Filipine \u015fi \u00een Statele Unite \u00eempotriva lor, Ferdinand \u015fi Imelda devalizaser\u0103 \u0163ara de cel pu\u0163in 684.000.000 dolari, dar cifra exact\u0103 s-ar fi putut ridica la c\u00e2teva miliarde.<\/p>\n

Cum a cucerit Imelda inima pre\u015fedintelui<\/strong><\/p>\n

De\u015fi un ambasador american a descris-o odat\u0103 drept o femeie cu un poten\u0163ial extrem de restr\u00e2ns – \u201eposesoarea unei inteligen\u0163e native \u015fi a unui anumit farmec personal, dar cu o educa\u0163ie limitat\u0103” – Imelda a reu\u015fit s\u0103 devin\u0103 nu numai cea mai bine \u00eenc\u0103l\u0163at\u0103 femeie din lume, ci \u015fi una dintre cele mai bogate. Secretul? Pasiunea unui b\u0103rbat pentru ea. Faptul c\u0103 lui Ferdinand Marcos \u00eei pl\u0103ceau femeile frumoase i-a conferit Imeldei o putere imens\u0103 asupra lui. La \u00eenceput, aceast\u0103 putere era dat\u0103 de tinere\u0163e \u015fi frumuse\u0163e, dar, dup\u0103 dou\u0103zeci \u015fi cinci de ani de c\u0103snicie, c\u00e2nd Ferdinand \u015fi-a luat o amant\u0103, Imelda s-a mul\u0163umit cu \u015fantajul.<\/p>\n

Totul a \u00eenceput str\u0103lucitor. \u00een aprilie 1954, la v\u00e2rsta de treizeci \u015fi \u015fase de ani, Ferdinand Marcos \u00ee\u015fi consuma al treilea mandat \u00een Congres, ca pre\u015fedinte al Comitetului de control al importurilor, fiind considerat o stea \u00een ascensiune, chiar dac\u0103 numele \u00eei fusese men\u0163ionat \u00een cadrul unor \u00eenvinuiri ce priveau mita \u015fi plata unor comisioane confiden\u0163iale. Ferdinand tocmai \u00ee\u015fi anun\u0163ase logodna cu regina frumuse\u0163ii, Carmen Ortega, iubita sa cu care \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163ea locuin\u0163a. Dar, cunosc\u00e2nd o alt\u0103 regin\u0103 a frumuse\u0163ii – pe cea poreclit\u0103 Muza din Manila, Imelda Romualdez – Ferdinand a fost at\u00e2t de impresionat de farmecele acesteia \u00eenc\u00e2t a abandonat-o pe Carmen, cer\u00e2nd imediat m\u00e2na Imeldei. A doua zi \u015fi-a \u00eent\u0103rit propunerea cu un simbolic mesaj de iubire: dou\u0103 fire de trandafir. Unul era un boboc \u00eenc\u0103 \u00eenchis, reprezent\u00e2nd dragostea lui incipient\u0103 pentru ea; cel\u0103lalt, \u00een plin\u0103 eflorescent\u0103, simboliza \u00eenflorirea iubirii lor. La unsprezece zile dup\u0103 ce f\u0103cuser\u0103 cuno\u015ftin\u0163\u0103, erau c\u0103s\u0103tori\u0163i. Imelda avea 24 de ani.<\/p>\n

Marcos, pre\u015fedintele care a cucerit puterea prin cump\u0103rarea de voturi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Ferdinand<\/a>
Ferdinand Marcos<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00cen decembrie 1965, Ferdinand Marcos a fost \u00eempins la putere de un val de sprijin popular, dar \u015fi de faptul c\u0103 avusese grij\u0103 s\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi cumpere o gr\u0103mad\u0103 de voturi. El \u015fi t\u00e2n\u0103ra sa so\u0163ie erau r\u0103sf\u0103\u0163a\u0163ii s\u0103rmanilor \u015fi oropsi\u0163ilor na\u0163iunii. Campania electoral\u0103 preziden\u0163ial\u0103 se baza pe \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163irea generoas\u0103 a unor plicuri burdu\u015fite cu pesos, precum \u015fi pe sloganul \u201eAceast\u0103 na\u0163iune poate redeveni glorioas\u0103.”<\/em> Ca s\u0103-\u015fi ajute so\u0163ul, Imelda a \u00eencheiat alian\u0163e importante cu doamnele din \u00eenalta societate a Manilei, transform\u00e2ndu-se rapid \u00eentr-o expert\u0103 \u00een lobby, viclean\u0103 \u015fi cu putere de convingere. Formau, pe podiumurile electorale, un duo formidabil, promi\u0163\u00e2nd \u015fosele noi, \u015fcoli, st\u00e2rpirea corup\u0163iei. El \u015fi-a asigurat sprijinul Sindicatului Drepturilor Civile, prin opozi\u0163ia sa inflexibil\u0103 la posibilitatea implic\u0103rii Filipinelor \u00een R\u0103zboiul din Vietnam.<\/p>\n

Marcos, al\u0103turi de americani \u00een r\u0103zboiul din Vietnam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Primii ani au fost epoca lor de glorie. Statele Unite, prin CIA, monitorizau str\u00e2ns politica Filipinelor. Insulele deveniser\u0103 un punct strategic important pentru efortul militar american din Vietnam, iar un guvern cooperant era necesar, pentru a u\u015fura pu\u0163in lucrurile. Ferdinand a devenit repede un partener s\u0103ritor. Printre primele acte ale pre\u015fedin\u0163iei sale s-a num\u0103rat \u00eenc\u0103lcarea promisiunii electorale \u015fi trimiterea trupelor \u00een Vietnam. Statele Unite l-au r\u0103spl\u0103tit cu 125.000.000 de dolari \u00een ajutoare, banii fiind folosi\u0163i pentru modernizarea armatei filipineze.
\nMarcos a pus armata s\u0103 munceasc\u0103 la proiectele de infrastructur\u0103 \u015fi la modernizarea utilit\u0103\u0163ilor.<\/p>\n

„V\u0103 dau tot ce dori\u0163i, cu excep\u0163ia so\u0163iei mele!”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Un program pentru cultivarea orezului a avut nevoie de ceva mai mult de un an pentru a transforma penuria \u00een supraproduc\u0163ie, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t \u0163ara a devenit exportatoare de orez \u00eenainte de expirarea primului mandat al lui Marcos. Era perioada \u00een care Ferdinand o considera pe Imelda cel mai important atu al s\u0103u, perioada \u00een care avea grij\u0103 s\u0103 o numeasc\u0103 \u00een cele mai \u00eenalte func\u0163ii guvernamentale. Ea a devenit membr\u0103 din oficiu a cabinetului, guvernator al Manilei metropolitane, director pentru colonizarea terenurilor nepopulate. Ca director al afacerilor culturale, a construit centre de art\u0103 \u015fi a remodelat \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015farea capitalei. S-a proiectat \u00een rolul unei dive culturale interna\u0163ionale \u015fi i-a adus chiar \u015fi pe Beatles \u00een concert.<\/p>\n

Ferdinand \u00eencheia orice miting cu aceea\u015fi promisiunepopulist\u0103: \u201eV\u0103 dau tot ce dori\u0163i, cu excep\u0163ia so\u0163iei mele!”<\/em> Ferdinand \u015fi Imelda c\u00e2ntau duete pentru mase \u015fi aveau un succes nemaipomenit – erau JFK \u015fi Jackie Kennedy ai Asiei de Sud-Est.<\/p>\n

Imelda, plin\u0103 de bijuterii, \u00een timp ce \u0163ara era plin\u0103 de s\u0103r\u0103cie<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Imelda<\/a>
Imelda Marcos<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Imelda a ajuns \u00een cele din urm\u0103, singur\u0103 sau \u00eempreun\u0103 cu so\u0163ul ei, ac\u0163ionara majoritar\u0103 a liniilor aeriene na\u0163ionale \u015fi a \u00eentregii re\u0163ele de b\u0103nci. Ei de\u0163ineau, de asemenea, o sta\u0163iune \u00een Long Island. Iar banii continuau s\u0103 curg\u0103 \u00een buzunarele lor, \u00een timp ce se \u00eentre\u0163ineau cordial cu \u015fahul Iranului.<\/p>\n

Imelda d\u0103dea recep\u0163ii somptuoase, \u00eenconjur\u00e2ndu-se de celebrit\u0103\u0163i precum pianistul Van Cliburn sau actorul George Hamilton. \u00ee\u015fi \u00eengropa noii prieteni celebri \u00een daruri fabuloase. Odat\u0103, a transportat o suit\u0103 de \u015faizeci de oaspe\u0163i, \u00een patru avioane cu reac\u0163ie guvernamentale, la \u00eencoronarea regelui Nepalului. Escapadele ei la New York, Paris \u015fi Londra, pentru cump\u0103r\u0103turi, au devenit legendare. Era posesoarea unei colec\u0163ii fabuloase de bijuterii, iar apartamentele \u015fi vilele ei luxoase erau ticsite de opere de Michelangelo, Botticelli, Canaletto. F\u0103cea parad\u0103 cu luxul cel mai desfr\u00e2nat, \u00eentr-o \u0163ar\u0103 \u00een care c\u00e2\u015ftigul zilnic pe cap de locuitor nu trecea de 2$.<\/p>\n

Dictatura conjugal\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 o aventur\u0103 extraconjugal\u0103 cu o actri\u0163\u0103 american\u0103, \u00een urma c\u0103reia s-a iscat un adev\u0103rat scandal, Ferdinand Marcos s-a redresat printr-o mi\u015fcare \u00eendr\u0103znea\u0163\u0103. Agit\u00e2nd spectrul unei lovituri de stat comuniste, a instaurat legea mar\u0163ial\u0103. Urm\u0103torul pas a fost s\u0103 suspende Constitu\u0163ia \u015fi s\u0103 depun\u0103 jurm\u00e2ntul at\u00e2t ca pre\u015fedinte, c\u00e2t \u015fi ca premier. El controla \u0163ara, iar Imelda \u00eel controla pe el. Astfel a \u00eenceput domnia de \u015faisprezece ani a celor doi (\u00eentre 1970 \u015fi 1986), cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de \u201edictatura conjugal\u0103”.<\/p>\n

Imelda a vrut s\u0103 cumpere celebra cl\u0103dire Empire State Building<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen timp ce Ferdinand reprima nemilos opozi\u0163ia politic\u0103 din interior, extravagan\u0163a Imeldei dep\u0103\u015fea orice m\u0103sur\u0103. Cu ocazia unei expedi\u0163ii pentru achizi\u0163ionarea de propriet\u0103\u0163i imobiliare la New York, s-a g\u00e2ndit s\u0103 cumpere Empire State Building, dar p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 a renun\u0163at. Cost\u00e2nd circa 750.000.000$, imobilul nu dep\u0103\u015fea posibilit\u0103\u0163ile ei financiare, dar ea \u015fi-a spus c\u0103 era o achizi\u0163ie \u201eprea b\u0103t\u0103toare la ochi”. \u00cen schimb, a cump\u0103rat cu cincizeci \u015fi unu de milioane Crown Building \u015fi cu \u015faizeci Herald Center, precum \u015fi alte dou\u0103 \u201ec\u0103su\u0163e” pre\u0163ioase \u00een Manhattan.<\/p>\n

Sf\u00e2r\u015fitul dictaturii \u015fi moartea lui Ferdinand<\/strong><\/p>\n

Spre sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului 1983, excesele Imeldei \u015fi ma\u015fina\u0163iunile politice ale lui Ferdinand n-au mai putut fi suportate. C\u00e2nd liderul opozi\u0163iei Benigno (Ninoy) Aquino a revenit acas\u0103 din exilul american, a fost \u00eempu\u015fcat \u00een cap la cobor\u00e2rea din avion. A fost ultima pic\u0103tur\u0103. \u0162ara fierbea. \u00cenc\u0103 trei ani de lupt\u0103 au afectat grav s\u0103n\u0103tatea lui Ferdinand, iar \u00een data de 25 februarie 1986, cuplul preziden\u0163ial a trebuit s\u0103 fug\u0103 cu un elicopter US Navy, urm\u00e2nd s\u0103 petreac\u0103 un ru\u015finos exil \u00een Hawaii. Acolo, Ferdinand Marcos a murit \u00een 28 septembrie 1989. Imelda i-a transportat cadavrul \u00een Filipine, sper\u00e2nd s\u0103 se organizeze funeralii na\u0163ionale, dar lui Ferdinand nu i s-a aprobat un loc \u00een Panteonul Eroilor din Manila. Trupul lui \u00eemb\u0103ls\u0103mat se odihne\u015fte la vedere, \u00eentr-o racl\u0103 de sticl\u0103, \u00een provincia sa natal\u0103, Ilocos Norte.<\/p>\n

Imelda Marcos tr\u0103ie\u015fte \u015fi \u00een ziua de azi \u015fi r\u0103m\u00e2ne o figur\u0103 popular\u0103 \u00een Filipine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1986, Filipine…Imelda Marcos, una dintre cele mai bogate \u015fi mai puternice femei din lume, fusese obligat\u0103 s\u0103 ia calea exilului, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu so\u0163ul ei, Ferdinand, fostul pre\u015fedinte, acum c\u0103zut \u00een disgra\u0163ie, al Filipinelor. Cei doi nu mureau de ru\u015fine. Indigna\u0163i … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7027,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[84,2024,2025,2023,1532,1752,23],"class_list":["post-7026","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-dictator","tag-ferdinand-marcos","tag-filipine","tag-imelda-marcos","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-razboiul-din-vietnam","tag-sua","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nFerdinand \u015fi Imelda Marcos, cuplul preziden\u0163ial care a furat miliarde de dolari - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/ferdinand-si-imelda-marcos-cuplul-prezidential-care-a-furat-miliarde-de-dolari\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ferdinand \u015fi Imelda Marcos, cuplul preziden\u0163ial care a furat miliarde de dolari\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1986, Filipine…Imelda Marcos, una dintre cele mai bogate \u015fi mai puternice femei din lume, fusese obligat\u0103 s\u0103 ia calea exilului, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu so\u0163ul ei, Ferdinand, fostul pre\u015fedinte, acum c\u0103zut \u00een disgra\u0163ie, al Filipinelor. 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