{"id":6899,"date":"2009-08-15T18:01:31","date_gmt":"2009-08-15T15:01:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=6899"},"modified":"2009-08-15T18:02:18","modified_gmt":"2009-08-15T15:02:18","slug":"un-mister-din-istoria-frantei-ludovic-al-xiv-lea-regele-soare-era-un-bastard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/un-mister-din-istoria-frantei-ludovic-al-xiv-lea-regele-soare-era-un-bastard\/","title":{"rendered":"Un mister din istoria Fran\u0163ei: Ludovic al XIV-lea, „regele-Soare” era un bastard?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ludovic<\/a>Regina Fran\u0163ei, umilit\u0103 de cardinalul Richelieu \u015fi de rege<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen anul 1637, regina Fran\u0163ei, Ana de Austria (1601-1666), se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o situa\u0163ie mai dificil\u0103 ca niciodat\u0103. Este fiica lui Filip al II-lea, regele Spaniei, iar Richelieu (cardinalul \u015fi prim-ministrul Fran\u0163ei) – care, de altfel, nu fusese de acord cu c\u0103s\u0103toria ei, negociat\u0103 de Concini – s-a temut \u00eentotdeauna de influen\u0163a pe care o putea \u00eenc\u0103 avea familia asupra ei. \u00cen 1626, ea se compromisese \u00een conspira\u0163ia de la Chalais, iar so\u0163ul ei, Ludovic al XIII-lea, regele Fran\u0163ei, o \u00eendep\u0103rtase de la Curte, impun\u00e2ndu-i s\u0103 se retrag\u0103 la m\u0103n\u0103stirea Val-de-Gr\u00e2ce, pe care o fondase chiar ea \u015fi unde-\u015fi amenajase o modest\u0103 locuin\u0163\u0103 cu dou\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103peri; a stat acolo un timp izolat\u0103 \u015fi aproape prizonier\u0103. Totu\u015fi, trebuie s\u0103 fi g\u0103sit oarecare pl\u0103cere sau confort \u00een acest domiciliu for\u0163at, de vreme ce, ulterior, a p\u0103strat obiceiul de a veni aici de dou\u0103 ori pe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, pentru a \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163i frugala mas\u0103 cu c\u0103lug\u0103ri\u0163ele benedictine.<\/p>\n

Dar Val-de-Gr\u00e2ce nu servea numai exerci\u0163iilor de pietate; era \u015fi ad\u0103postul discret unde \u00eentre\u0163inea o coresponden\u0163\u0103 clandestin\u0103, nu doar cu familia ei, ci \u015fi cu Curtea Angliei \u015fi Casa de Lorena. Din nefericire pentru ea, Richelieu, totdeauna extrem de informat, afl\u0103. El nu ezit\u0103 s\u0103 ordone cancelarului Seguier s\u0103 perchezi\u0163ioneze m\u0103n\u0103stirea, scotocind prin toate chiliile c\u0103lug\u0103ri\u0163elor \u015fi \u00een apartamentele reginei. Cardinalul-dictator \u015ftia s\u0103 se fac\u0103 ascultat, dar nu luase \u00een calcul stima pe care Seguier o avea pentru Ana de Austria, aceasta fiind dinainte discret avertizat\u0103; perchezi\u0163ia nu scoase la iveal\u0103 niciun document compromi\u0163\u0103tor, ci doar scrisori anonime. Totu\u015fi, nici cardinalul, nici regele n-au fost convin\u015fi c\u0103 activitatea epistolar\u0103 a Anei se limita la acestea: regina fu constr\u00e2ns\u0103 s\u0103 semneze un proces-verbal umilitor, \u00een care m\u0103rturisea c\u0103 \u00eentre\u0163ine o coresponden\u0163\u0103 secret\u0103. \u00cen plus, nu s-a f\u0103cut nimic pentru a se evita ca afacerea s\u0103 fie cunoscut\u0103 de public<\/p>\n

C\u0103s\u0103tori\u0163i de 22 de ani, regele \u015fi regina Fran\u0163ei n-aveau niciun copil<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Ana<\/a>
Ana de Austria (1601-1666), regina Frantei<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dup\u0103 acest scandal, pozi\u0163ia Anei este de-a\u015fa natur\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t se poate teme c\u0103 va fi repudiat\u0103 \u00een mod deschis. Numai na\u015fterea unui fiu ar putea s-o mai fereasc\u0103 de acest afront \u015fi totodat\u0103 ar face-o s\u0103 reintre \u00een gra\u0163iile lui Richelieu. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, cardinalul este \u00eengrijorat \u00een privin\u0163a succesiunii lui Ludovic al XIII-lea: dac\u0103 acesta moare f\u0103r\u0103 mo\u015ftenitor de sex masculin, Coroana Fran\u0163ei va reveni fratelui s\u0103u, Gaston d’Orleans; or, acesta din urm\u0103, conspirator recidivist \u015fi nepriceput, slab de caracter \u015fi cu o fire versatil\u0103, nu are – cum de altfel nici Ludovic – niciuna dintre calit\u0103\u0163ile unui bun rege.<\/p>\n

Problema este c\u0103 na\u015fterea unui Delfin sau chiar a unei Delfine este foarte improbabil\u0103. Dup\u0103 22 de ani de c\u0103s\u0103torie, cuplul regal a r\u0103mas cu des\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fire steril, ceea ce nu-i deloc de mirare, c\u0103ci se \u015ftie c\u0103 Ludovic al XIII-lea \u00ee\u015fi neglijeaz\u0103 complet ceea ce s-ar putea numi datoria lui conjugal\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ludovic al XIV-lea, darul lui Dumnezeu pentru cuplul regal<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, la 5 septembrie 1638, Ana de Austria aduse pe lume un fiu, care prime\u015fte numele de Louis-Dieudonne: este viitorul Ludovic al XIV-lea. Se r\u0103sp\u00e2nde\u015fte cu iu\u0163eal\u0103 povestirea miraculoas\u0103 a circumstan\u0163elor c\u0103rora li se datoreaz\u0103 aceast\u0103 na\u015ftere nesperat\u0103. Cu nou\u0103 luni mai devreme, se spune, regina f\u0103cuse un jur\u0103m\u00e2nt: \u00eei promisese lui Dumnezeu c\u0103, dac\u0103 \u00eei va d\u0103rui un fiu, va ridica o biseric\u0103 magnific\u0103, iar cerul n-a \u00eent\u00e2rziat s\u0103-i \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 dorin\u0163a. Se mai spune c\u0103, \u00eentr-o zi, plec\u00e2nd regele la Paris \u015fi g\u00e2ndind s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 \u00een aceea\u015fi sear\u0103 la Versailles, unde locuia de obicei, fu surprins de o furtun\u0103 \u00eengrozitoare, care-i t\u0103ie drumul de \u00eentoarcere. A trebuit, deci, s\u0103-\u015fi petreac\u0103 noaptea la Luvru. Dar Luvrul, pe care regele Henric al IV-lea hot\u0103r\u00e2se s\u0103-l extind\u0103, era \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een lucru, nefiind dec\u00e2t un imens \u015fantier. Nimeni nu se a\u015ftepta s\u0103-l primeasc\u0103 aici pe rege \u015fi nu s-a g\u0103sit alt\u0103 solu\u0163ie dec\u00e2t s\u0103 doarm\u0103 \u00een camera reginei, a\u015fa \u00eenc\u00e2t s-au culcat am\u00e2ndoi \u00een acela\u015fi pat, ceea ce nu prea le st\u0103tea \u00een obicei. \u00cen urma acestei unice \u00eent\u00e2lniri regina a r\u0103mas \u00eens\u0103rcinat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ludovic al XIII-lea a recunoscut public el \u00eensu\u015fi aceast\u0103 versiune miraculos\u0103: de la 10 septembrie 1638, el \u00eenchin\u0103 regatul Fecioarei Maria, bine situat\u0103 \u00een materie de concep\u0163ie miraculoas\u0103, a c\u0103rei interven\u0163ie ar fi ob\u0163inut aceast\u0103 gra\u0163ie. Dar nu toat\u0103 lumea a fost convins\u0103 de aceast\u0103 poveste, dimpotriv\u0103.<\/p>\n

Catedrala \u00een\u0103l\u0163at\u0103 \u00een cinstea na\u015fterii lui Ludovic al XIV-lea<\/strong><\/p>\n

Anei de Austria i-a luat \u00eens\u0103 mai mult timp s\u0103 se achite de jur\u0103m\u00e2nt dec\u00e2t \u00eei trebuise cerului s\u0103-i \u00eendeplineasc\u0103 dorin\u0163a: abia \u00een 1645, dup\u0103 moartea lui Richelieu \u015fi a lui Ludovic al XIII-lea, c\u00e2nd a devenit regent\u0103, a fost pus\u0103 prima piatr\u0103 la temelia bisericii Val-de-Gr\u00e2ce, chiar de c\u0103tre copilul n\u0103scut printr-o minune. Terminat \u00een 1665, edificiul poart\u0103 pe fronton dedica\u0163ia „Jesus Nascenti Vieginique Matri”,\u00a0 ce aminte\u015fte, poate cu pu\u0163in\u0103 ironie, evenimentul care a stat la baza construc\u0163iei sale. Domul, \u00eenalt de 40 de metri, copiat dup\u0103 catedrala Sf\u00e2ntului Petru din Roma, \u00eentruni admira\u0163ia parizienilor. \u00cen interior, cupola este \u00eempodobit\u0103 cu o fresc\u0103 de Mignard, \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015f\u00e2nd-o pe Ana de Austria, \u00eenso\u0163it\u0103 de Sf\u00e2nta Ana \u015fi c\u0103l\u0103uzit\u0103 de Ludovic cel Sf\u00e2nt, oferindu-i lui Dumnezeu macheta bisericii, imagine foarte semnificativ\u0103, deoarece indiferent ce a trebuit sa fac\u0103 pentru a-l na\u015fte pe Delfin, regina a f\u0103cut un imens serviciu pentru continuitatea monarhiei franceze. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, \u00een afara celor ce i se pot repro\u015fa, Gaston d’Orleans muri \u00een 1660, nel\u0103s\u00e2nd dec\u00e2t fiice; dac\u0103 na\u015fterea lui Ludovic al XlV-lea nu l-ar fi \u00eempiedicat s\u0103 urce pe tron, moartea sa ar fi pus o problem\u0103 dinastic\u0103 greu de rezolvat.<\/p>\n

Chiar \u015fi cei ce se \u00eendoiau de paternitatea lui Ludovic al XIV-lea au t\u0103cut din gur\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Ludovic<\/a>
Ludovic al XIII-lea (1601-1643), regele Frantei<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Odat\u0103 trecut\u0103 furtuna Frondei, se pare c\u0103 legitimitatea lui Ludovic al XIV-lea a fost unanim acceptat\u0103 \u015fi, dac\u0103 este adev\u0103rat c\u0103 a o fi pus la \u00eendoial\u0103 \u00eensemna a-\u0163i expune via\u0163a pentru crim\u0103 de lezmajestate, nu este mai pu\u0163in adev\u0103rat c\u0103 \u015fi cei mai sceptici au t\u0103cut din gur\u0103, din teama de a nu provoca noi tulbur\u0103ri, nefaste pentru \u0163ar\u0103. \u00cen orice caz, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een ultimii ani, cei mai neferici\u0163i ai domniei lui, prestigiul acestui rege \u00een Fran\u0163a \u015fi \u00een str\u0103in\u0103tate a fost at\u00e2t de mare, \u00eenc\u00e2t a pus \u00een umbr\u0103 toate \u00eendoielile.<\/p>\n

Totu\u015fi, unii nu s-au l\u0103sat, precum poetul burlesc Claude Lepetit, pe care splendorile bisericii Val-de-Gr\u00e2ce nu l-au impresionat c\u00e2tu\u015fi de pu\u0163in:<\/p>\n

Acest dom cu-a lui cupol\u0103 \u00een\u0103l\u0163\u00e2ndu-se spre ceruri<\/em>
\nCrede c\u0103 ne ia ochii? M\u0103mica lui Ludovic al nostru<\/em>
\nVrea, prin excese nemaipomenite,<\/em>
\nS\u0103-\u015fi nemureasc\u0103 prostiile.<\/em>
\nNicidecum renumele nu \u015fi-l pierde \u00een spatele pioasei iubiri.<\/em>
\nBiserica a iubit-o tot timpul,<\/em>
\n\u015ei-ntotdeauna iubitoare o vrea.<\/em><\/p>\n

Aluzie transparent\u0103, c\u0103ci paternitatea se atribuia adesea fie lui Richelieu, ceea ce nu este prea verosimil, \u0163in\u00e2nd cont de persistenta ostilitate reciproc\u0103 ce-l opuse p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fit pe cardinal reginei, fie lui Mazarin, ceea ce este mai admisibil, c\u0103ci Ana a avut \u00eentotdeauna pentru el sentimente tandre, iar apoi, c\u00e2nd a devenit v\u0103duv\u0103, a \u00eentre\u0163inut cu el o leg\u0103tur\u0103 destul de notorie.<\/p>\n

Lepetit era un insolent \u015fi un b\u00e2rfitor de profesie, dar un alt autor, r\u0103mas anonim, va exprima aceea\u015fi opinie \u00eentr-o carte publicat\u0103 la Londra la pu\u0163in timp dup\u0103 moartea reginei \u015fi intitulat\u0103 Amorurile Anei de Austria<\/strong>: \u201eTrebuie<\/em> – scrie el – s\u0103 fii de-a dreptul neru\u015finat ca s\u0103 pretinzi c\u0103 na\u015fterea Delfinului este rodul principelui care trece drept tat\u0103l lui… Baricadele din Paris \u015fi teribila revolt\u0103 \u00eempotriva lui Ludovic al XIV-lea la suirea sa pe tron au denun\u0163at at\u00e2t de zgomotos na\u015fterea lui nelegitim\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t toat\u0103 lumea vorbea despre asta.”<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eR\u0103ceala recunoscut\u0103 a lui Ludovic al XIII-lea”, ca s\u0103 ne exprim\u0103m \u00een termenii acestui autor, f\u0103cea aceast\u0103 b\u0103nuial\u0103 verosimil\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 a implica neap\u0103rat ideea c\u0103 regele era incapabil de a procrea, dar un fapt bizar conduse, mai t\u00e2rziu, la concluzia c\u0103 el era, \u00een mod fiziologic, \u00eempiedicat de a avea copii.<\/p>\n

Un raport secret al medicilor confirm\u0103: Ludovic al XIII-lea nu putea fi tat\u0103!<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen 1679, un anume Marc de La Morelhie fu arestat, \u00eens\u0103 \u00een secret, \u015fi disp\u0103ru pentru totdeauna, f\u0103r\u0103 a se \u015fti dac\u0103 \u015fi-a sf\u00e2r\u015fit zilele \u00een \u00eenchisoare ori a fost trimis ad patres. Acest b\u0103rbat era \u00eens\u0103 ginerele medicului Anei de Austria, Pardoux-Gondinet, \u015fi el g\u0103sise \u00een h\u00e2rtiile socrului s\u0103u un raport secret al medicilor care-i f\u0103cuser\u0103 autopsia lui Ludovic al XIII-lea, conform c\u0103ruia regele suferea de o malforma\u0163ie ce-i interzicea s\u0103 fie tat\u0103. Stupefiat de aceast\u0103 descoperire, La Morelhie i-a \u00eenm\u00e2nat, naiv, raportul generalului-locotenent de poli\u0163ie La Reynie \u015fi acest fapt i-a adus pieirea.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Regina Fran\u0163ei, umilit\u0103 de cardinalul Richelieu \u015fi de rege \u00cen anul 1637, regina Fran\u0163ei, Ana de Austria (1601-1666), se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o situa\u0163ie mai dificil\u0103 ca niciodat\u0103. Este fiica lui Filip al II-lea, regele Spaniei, iar Richelieu (cardinalul \u015fi prim-ministrul Fran\u0163ei) … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6902,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[2003,2005,202,1532,2002,577,795,453,2004],"class_list":["post-6899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-ana-de-austria","tag-cardinal","tag-franta","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-ludovic-al-xiii-lea","tag-ludovic-al-xiv-lea","tag-mazarin","tag-rege","tag-richelieu","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nUn mister din istoria Fran\u0163ei: Ludovic al XIV-lea, "regele-Soare" era un bastard? - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/un-mister-din-istoria-frantei-ludovic-al-xiv-lea-regele-soare-era-un-bastard\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un mister din istoria Fran\u0163ei: Ludovic al XIV-lea, "regele-Soare" era un bastard?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Regina Fran\u0163ei, umilit\u0103 de cardinalul Richelieu \u015fi de rege \u00cen anul 1637, regina Fran\u0163ei, Ana de Austria (1601-1666), se afl\u0103 \u00eentr-o situa\u0163ie mai dificil\u0103 ca niciodat\u0103. 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