{"id":6619,"date":"2009-08-03T07:21:01","date_gmt":"2009-08-03T04:21:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=6619"},"modified":"2019-10-14T22:26:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-14T19:26:52","slug":"enigma-stalpului-de-fier-de-la-ashoka-cel-care-nu-rugineste-niciodata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/enigma-stalpului-de-fier-de-la-ashoka-cel-care-nu-rugineste-niciodata\/","title":{"rendered":"Enigma st\u00e2lpului de fier de la Ashoka, cel care nu rugine\u015fte niciodat\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Imagine:<\/strong> wikipedia.org<\/strong><\/a> (Commons Creative – free)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ce v\u00e2rst\u0103 are coloana care nu rugine\u015fte niciodat\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n

G\u0103sim \u00een sute de locuri scris c\u0103 celebrul st\u00e2lp al lui Ashoka, dintr-un fier care nu prinde niciodat\u0103 nici un fir de rugin\u0103, are o vechime de patru mii de ani. Dar, probabil c\u0103 e vorba de o anume exagerare. Coloana aceasta se afl\u0103 \u00een curtea unui templu din New Delhi, \u00een India, \u00een fa\u0163a unei por\u0163i monumentale ornamentate \u00een stil arab. Are aproximativ \u015fapte metri \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime, diametrul are 42 de centimetri la baz\u0103 \u015fi 32 la v\u00e2rf, iar greutatea a fost calculat\u0103 la \u015fase tone.<\/p>\n

La prima vedere, st\u00e2lpul acesta nu poate avea v\u00e2rsta amintit\u0103, deoarece ornamentele din partea superioar\u0103 \u0163in de un stil indian inconfundabil, specific unor timpuri mai apropiate. Toat\u0103 lumea \u00eel nume\u015fte \u201est\u00e2lpul lui Ashoka”, dup\u0103 numele unui suveran ilustru, nepot al acelui celebru Bindusara care, de la anul 260 \u015fi p\u00e2n\u0103 la 227 \u00ee.Ch., a umplut hotarele imensului s\u0103u stat cu coloane pe care erau gravate edictele sale, spre cunoa\u015fterea lor de c\u0103tre to\u0163i supu\u015fii. Numai c\u0103 stilul arhitectural dovede\u015fte c\u0103 st\u00e2lpul acesta nu putea fi \u00een\u0103l\u0163at pe vremea lui Ashoka, ci mult mai \u00eencoace, pare-se c\u0103 \u00een timpul \u00eemp\u0103ratului Vikramaditya, care a domnit \u00eentre anii 380 \u015fi 413 ai erei cre\u015ftine \u015fi al c\u0103rui nume este legat de v\u00e2rsta de aur a civiliza\u0163iei indiene. Aceast\u0103 precizare se datoreaz\u0103 lui Louis Renou, autoritate indiscutabil\u0103 \u00een materie de orientalistic\u0103, membru al Academiei Franceze.<\/p>\n

St\u00e2lpul \u00een cauz\u0103 ar avea prin urmare \u00een jur de 1550 de ani, ceea ce e cu totul altceva dec\u00e2t patru milenii.<\/p>\n

Numai c\u0103 asta nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 mare lucru, fiindc\u0103 clarificarea v\u00e2rstei nu l\u0103mure\u015fte deloc enigma. \u00cen pofida climatului umed din aceast\u0103 parte a lumii \u015fi cu toate v\u00e2nturile musonice, fierul din care e lucrat st\u00e2lpul acesta nu a prins niciodat\u0103 vreo pat\u0103 de rugin\u0103.<\/p>\n

De ce nu rugine\u015fte st\u00e2lpul de fier?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00centr-un studiu prezentat ca o mare revela\u0163ie, publicistul Jacques Scornaux scrie c\u0103 „trebuie s\u0103 ne explic\u0103m inalterabilitatea acestui material numai printr-o puritate excep\u0163ional\u0103, a c\u0103rei realizare este inaccesibil\u0103 celei mai avansate tehnici pe care o avem ast\u0103zi”.<\/em> Dup\u0103 care adaug\u0103 c\u0103 dac\u0103 reu\u015fim s\u0103 c\u0103dem de acord asupra posibilit\u0103\u0163ii ca aceast\u0103 performan\u0163\u0103 s\u0103 poat\u0103 fi atins\u0103 totu\u015fi \u015fi ast\u0103zi, e nevoie de precizarea c\u0103 nu se pot realiza dec\u00e2t cantit\u0103\u0163i infime, la un pre\u0163 exorbitant \u015fi c\u0103, \u00een orice caz, \u015ftiin\u0163a noastr\u0103 nu a ajuns la asemenea tururi de for\u0163\u0103 dec\u00e2t de pu\u0163in timp.<\/p>\n

St\u00e2lp realizat de extratere\u015ftri?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Al\u0163ii emit supozi\u0163ia c\u0103 st\u00e2lpul lui Ashoka – sau mai bine-zis al lui Vikramaditya – ar fi confec\u0163ionat dintr-un fier de natur\u0103 necunoscut\u0103, realizat fie de extratere\u015ftri, fie prin tehnici p\u0103m\u00e2ntene vechi, al c\u0103ror secret s-a pierdut de mult. Ipotezele acestea sunt hazardate, \u00eens\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 recunoa\u015ftem c\u0103 sunt plauzibile, \u00eentruc\u00e2t absen\u0163a altor explica\u0163ii las\u0103 loc \u015fi unor asemenea interpret\u0103ri. St\u00e2lpul a fost cercetat \u015fi de metalurgi\u015fti, buni cunosc\u0103tori ai fenomenelor de coroziune, care au conchis c\u0103 a fost realizat din pl\u0103ci de fier b\u0103tute cu ciocanul \u201ela ro\u015fu”, realiz\u00e2ndu-se astfel una din cele mai temeinice forme de sudur\u0103.<\/p>\n

Analiza chimic\u0103 a st\u00e2lpului d\u0103 rezultate surprinz\u0103toare<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen privin\u0163a a\u015fa-zisei purit\u0103\u0163i lucrurile stau \u00eens\u0103 cu totul altfel dec\u00e2t ne-am fi a\u015fteptat, fiindc\u0103 analize am\u0103nun\u0163ite efectuate pe mici e\u015fantioane au relevat o eterogenitate surprinz\u0103toare. Mai exact, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 se poat\u0103 vorbi de un aliaj propriu-zis, exist\u0103 fr\u00e2nturi din alte elemente chimice dec\u00e2t fierul sau chiar substan\u0163e pe care nimeni nu s-ar fi a\u015fteptat s\u0103 le \u00eent\u00e2lneasc\u0103 \u00eentr-un obiect dovedit ca absolut inoxidabil: carbon (variind \u00eentre 0,1 \u015fi 0,2 la sut\u0103, \u00een func\u0163ie de zonele din care proveneau e\u015fantioanele), fosfor (de la 0,11 la 0,18 la sut\u0103), apoi siliciu, cupru, nichel \u015fi alte c\u00e2teva elemente, \u00een doze infime, tinz\u00e2nd c\u0103tre zero, dar \u015fi … oxizi de fier! \u00cenveli\u015ful st\u00e2lpului con\u0163ine asemenea oxizi (FeO \u015fi Fe2O3) \u00eentr-o propor\u0163ie de 80 la sut\u0103!<\/p>\n

Gr\u0103simile vegetale sau animale l-au f\u0103cut inoxidabil?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Iat\u0103 deci, scrie Jacques Scornaux, c\u0103 fierul acesta este departe de a avea acea puritate care i-ar explica bizara \u00eensu\u015fire, a\u015fa c\u0103 enigma r\u0103m\u00e2ne pe mai departe o enigm\u0103. Singura explica\u0163ie c\u00e2t de c\u00e2t ra\u0163ional\u0103 ar fi aceea c\u0103 de-a lungul secolelor credincio\u015fii, care probabil c\u0103 vedeau \u00een obeliscul acesta un obiect de cult, l-au tot uns cu gr\u0103simi, de origine fie vegetal\u0103 fie animal\u0103, iar acestea s-au impregnat \u00een porii stratului exterior, asigur\u00e2ndu-i astfel proprietatea care intrig\u0103 ast\u0103zi at\u00e2ta lume.<\/p>\n

Am mai ad\u0103uga c\u0103 metalele din care sunt confec\u0163ionate p\u0103r\u0163i ale altarelor sau diferite obiecte de cult se bucur\u0103 toate de aceea\u015fi miraculoas\u0103 imunitate, at\u00e2t \u00een India c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een Nepal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ce v\u00e2rst\u0103 are coloana care nu rugine\u015fte niciodat\u0103? G\u0103sim \u00een sute de locuri scris c\u0103 celebrul st\u00e2lp al lui Ashoka, dintr-un fier care nu prinde niciodat\u0103 nici un fir de rugin\u0103, are o vechime de patru mii de ani. Dar, … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64546,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1770],"tags":[1941,9807,619,1940,1942],"class_list":["post-6619","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geografie-feologie","tag-fier","tag-geografie-geologie","tag-india","tag-stalp","tag-stalpul-lui-ashoka","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nEnigma st\u00e2lpului de fier de la Ashoka, cel care nu rugine\u015fte niciodat\u0103 - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/enigma-stalpului-de-fier-de-la-ashoka-cel-care-nu-rugineste-niciodata\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enigma st\u00e2lpului de fier de la Ashoka, cel care nu rugine\u015fte niciodat\u0103\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce v\u00e2rst\u0103 are coloana care nu rugine\u015fte niciodat\u0103? 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G\u0103sim \u00een sute de locuri scris c\u0103 celebrul st\u00e2lp al lui Ashoka, dintr-un fier care nu prinde niciodat\u0103 nici un fir de rugin\u0103, are o vechime de patru mii de ani. Dar, ... 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