{"id":65869,"date":"2020-01-02T14:38:06","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T12:38:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=65869"},"modified":"2020-01-02T14:38:06","modified_gmt":"2020-01-02T12:38:06","slug":"adevarata-istorie-fascinanta-a-lui-dartagnan-eroul-principal-din-celebrul-roman-cei-trei-muschetari-al-lui-alexandre-dumas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/adevarata-istorie-fascinanta-a-lui-dartagnan-eroul-principal-din-celebrul-roman-cei-trei-muschetari-al-lui-alexandre-dumas\/","title":{"rendered":"Adev\u0103rata istorie fascinant\u0103 a lui d\u2019Artagnan, eroul principal din celebrul roman „Cei trei mu\u015fchetari” al lui Alexandre Dumas"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Imagine:<\/strong> prelucrare proprie<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Cine nu a auzit de celebrul roman istoric „Cei trei mu\u015fchetari”<\/em> al scriitorului Alexandre Dumas? Iar cel mai cunoscut personaj este mu\u015fchetarul d\u2019Artagnan, care, se pare c\u0103 nu e \u00een \u00eentregime un personaj n\u0103scocit. Alexandre Dumas s-a inspirat din aventurile unui gentilom gascon, Charles de Batz, numit d\u2019Artagnan, sau, mai exact, din povestirea pe care a scris-o un alt mu\u0219chetar, Gatien de Courtilz, despre aventurile aceluia\u0219i personaj.<\/p>\n

La 25 iunie 1673, \u00een timpul r\u0103zboiului Olandei cu Anglia \u0219i Fran\u021ba, la asediul ora\u0219ului Maastricht a luat parte \u0219i adev\u0103ratul d\u2019Artagnan. Dup\u0103 o scurt\u0103 b\u0103t\u0103lie, asaltan\u021bii au reu\u0219it s\u0103 pun\u0103 m\u00e2na pe unul din punctele cheie ale ap\u0103r\u0103rii. A urmat \u00eens\u0103 un teribil contraatac al olandezilor \u0219i un glonte l-a r\u0103nit pe d\u2019Artagnan mortal. De\u0219i „La Gazette de France”<\/em>, \u00eentr-o not\u0103 informativ\u0103 despre aceast\u0103 lupt\u0103 l-a citat pe ne\u00eenfricatul mu\u0219chetar \u00een cuvinte foarte elogioase, f\u0103c\u00e2nd aluzie la sentimentul de regret pe care l-a \u00eencercat regele Ludovic al XIV-lea auzind de aceast\u0103 pierdere, vestea mor\u021bii lui avea s\u0103 fie dat\u0103 uit\u0103rii cur\u00e2nd dup\u0103 aceea.<\/p>\n

Dar abia pierise autenticul d\u2019Artagnan pe c\u00e2mpul de lupt\u0103 de la Maastricht, c\u00e2nd un alt d\u2019Artagnan, mult mai consistent, de\u0219i fals, se n\u0103\u0219tea \u00eentr-o carte a pamfletarului Gatien de Courtilz, fost mu\u0219chetar \u0219i el. Pe celebrul d\u2019Artagnan l-a creat \u00eens\u0103, 150 ani mai t\u00e2rziu, fantezia scriitorului Alexandre Dumas.<\/p>\n

D\u2019Artagnan al lui Alexandre Dumas<\/strong><\/p>\n

S\u0103 vorbim despre d\u2019Artagnan al lui Alexandre Dumas \u015fi s\u0103 vedem c\u00e2t e adev\u0103r \u015fi c\u00e2t e fic\u0163iune. A\u0219adar, cum ni-l prezint\u0103 Alexandre Dumas? D\u2019Artagnan \u00ee\u0219i face intrarea \u00een Paris prin poarta Saint-Antoine, \u00eentr-o zi de aprilie a anului 1625, f\u0103r\u0103 o lescaie \u00een buzunar. De unde vine? Din Gasconia. El se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre Paris, decis s\u0103-\u0219i croiasc\u0103 drum. La c\u00e2teva leghe de Orleans, pe drumul spre curte, t\u00e2n\u0103rul trece prin prima sa aventur\u0103; ni\u0219te necunoscu\u021bi \u00eel ciom\u0103gesc \u0219i \u00eei fur\u0103 scrisoarea cu care tat\u0103l s\u0103u l-a trimis la Paris. T\u00e2n\u0103rul gascon, \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 18 ani, este puternic \u0219i bine legat, cu ochi vioi \u0219i fa\u021ba u\u0219or alungit\u0103, dar foarte b\u0103rb\u0103teasc\u0103. \u00cembr\u0103cat cu un pieptar de l\u00e2n\u0103 decolorat de soarele \u0219i ploaia drumurilor, c\u0103l\u0103re\u0219te pe o m\u00e2r\u021boag\u0103 care treze\u0219te mila \u0219i batjocura celor ce-o privesc. Tat\u0103l s\u0103u nu i-a putut oferi altceva dec\u00e2t curajul.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 ce eroul lui Dumas trece cu succes de prima sa peripe\u021bie, autorul aduce \u00een scen\u0103 alte personaje: un cavaler misterios – agent secret al cardinalului Richelieu, viitorul du\u0219man al lui d\u2019Artagnan – \u00eel contempl\u0103 oarecum dispre\u021buitor. Cur\u00e2nd apare \u0219i Milady, o doamn\u0103 at\u00e2t de frumoas\u0103 \u00eenc\u00e2t, v\u0103z\u00e2nd-o, \u00eendr\u0103zne\u021bul gascon le\u0219in\u0103.<\/p>\n

At\u00e2t autenticul d\u2019Artagnan, c\u00e2t \u0219i corespondentul lui literar, ajung cu timpul agen\u021bi secre\u021bi \u0219i intermediari ai politicii duse de abilul cardinal Mazarin, succesorul lui Richelieu. Deocamdat\u0103, \u00eens\u0103, d\u2019Artagnan al lui Dumas nu e dec\u00e2t un personaj ingenios care sose\u0219te, zdrobit de lovituri, la Paris, \u00eentr-o zi de prim\u0103var\u0103. \u00ce\u0219i vinde calul pe trei scuzi \u0219i porne\u0219te, ca orice nou venit, \u00een c\u0103utarea unei locuin\u021be. Se intereseaz\u0103 apoi unde \u00eel poate g\u0103si pe domnul de Treville, c\u0103pitan al g\u0103rzii regale, compatriot al s\u0103u. Reu\u0219e\u0219te \u00eentre timp s\u0103 c\u00e2\u0219tige prietenia \u201ecelor trei mu\u0219chetari” – Athos, Porthos, Aramis, care, ca \u0219i d\u2019Artagnan, au existat \u00een realitate \u0219i care s-au \u00eenrolat cu nume false \u00een corpul secret din serviciul regelui. R\u00e2nd pe r\u00e2nd, cititorul face cuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 cu ei \u0219i \u00eei \u00eendr\u0103ge\u0219te, ca \u0219i pe t\u00e2n\u0103rul \u0219i inexperimentatul gascon care, la recomandarea lui Treville, este angajat \u00een compania comandat\u0103 de cumnatul acestuia, domnul des Essarts.<\/p>\n

Alexandre Dumas situeaz\u0103 o bun\u0103 parte din ac\u021biunile mu\u0219chetarilor \u00een epoca lui Ludovic al XIII-lea (1610-1643), un rege c\u0103ruia \u00eei plac spadasinii \u0219i g\u00e2lcevile, pentru c\u0103 \u00eei condimenteaz\u0103 via\u021ba monoton\u0103. C\u00e2t prive\u0219te regina, Anna de Austria, interesul ei se \u00eendreapt\u0103 spre ministrul englez, ducele de Buckingham. Aceast\u0103 predilec\u021bie nu este n\u0103scocit\u0103 de romancier, ci pe deplin real\u0103, \u0219i-i va prilejui lui d\u2019Artagnan numeroase aventuri.<\/p>\n

Cititorii \u00ee\u0219i amintesc desigur, cum de dragul reginei Anna, ducele de Buckingham se strecoar\u0103, incognito, pe str\u0103zile \u00eentunecate ale Parisului \u0219i p\u0103trunde, printr-o u\u0219\u0103 secret\u0103, \u00een Luvru. Acolo o vede pe iubita sa regin\u0103, \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 \u00een satin alb, cu p\u0103rul auriu, m\u0103t\u0103sos, c\u0103z\u00e2nd bogat pe\u0219te umeri. Fascinat, Buckingham cade la picioarele sale. \u00cen trei ani, cei doi nu s-au v\u0103zut dec\u00e2t de trei ori – a treia oar\u0103 la un bal mascat, unde ducele \u00eencearc\u0103 s-o s\u0103rute pe Anna. Regina s-a crezut atunci grav compromis\u0103, dup\u0103 ce are nefericita idee de a-i face cadou englezului, drept chez\u0103\u0219ie a prieteniei lor, un giuvaer cu diamante.<\/p>\n

Faimosul giuvaer care, mai t\u00e2rziu, va servi lui d’Artagnan drept pretext pentru prima sa c\u0103l\u0103torie \u00een Anglia. Ducele se vede \u00eens\u0103 nevoit s\u0103 \u00eenapoieze z\u0103logul c\u00e2t mai repede posibil, c\u0103ci cardinalul a avut grij\u0103 s\u0103-l informeze pe rege despre acest cadou compromi\u021b\u0103tor. Din ordinul suveranului, regina urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 poarte aceast\u0103 bijuterie la balul oferit de Prim\u0103rie. Intriga se complic\u0103 \u0219i mai mult prin faptul c\u0103 Milady, teribila Milady, reu\u0219e\u0219te s\u0103 taie dou\u0103 din diamantele giuvaerului, preg\u0103tind astfel dovada infidelit\u0103\u021bii Annei, dovad\u0103 pe care, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, Richelieu inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s-o prezinte lui Ludovic. D’Artagnan \u00ee\u0219i \u00eendepline\u0219te \u00eens\u0103 admirabil misiunea, aduc\u00e2nd la Paris giuvaerul, reconstituit de un bijutier priceput. \u00cenc\u00e2t \u00een ziua balului, Anna poate etala celebrele diamante.<\/p>\n

Dumas nu mai \u0163ine cont de realitatea istoric\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd afirm\u0103 c\u0103 d’Artagnan se arat\u0103 abil nu numai \u00een m\u00e2nuirea armelor, dar \u0219i \u00een cea a literelor. De\u0219i adev\u0103ratul d’Artagnan a fost un curier priceput \u00een serviciul lui Mazarin, el a trebuit s\u0103 transmit\u0103 mesajele \u00eentotdeauna prin viu grai, dat fiind c\u0103, p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul vie\u021bii lui, scrisul \u00eei tr\u0103da originea provincial\u0103 \u0219i pu\u021binele sale cuno\u0219tin\u021be \u00een ale slovelor. Trec\u00e2nd peste o seam\u0103 de alte am\u0103nunte ale cunoscutului roman al lui Dumas, amintim doar c\u0103, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, d’Artagnan e numit locotenent de mu\u0219chetari.<\/p>\n

Ce \u0219tim despre adev\u0103ratul d’Artagnan?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cronicile atest\u0103 c\u0103 se numea Charles de Batz, senior d’Artagnan. S-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1611 sau 1615 la Lupiac, sat ce mai exist\u0103 \u0219i azi \u00een Gasconia. Dup\u0103 p\u0103rerea unor istorici, numele de d’Artagnan l-a purtat un unchi al s\u0103u, Henri Montesquiou, care \u00eel servise pe Ludovic al XIII-lea. Acesta a fost unul dintre motivele pentru care regele l-a primit cu simpatie \u0219i familiaritate pe t\u00e2n\u0103rul gascon. Mica nobilime provincial\u0103, din care f\u0103cea parte \u0219i Charles de Batz d’Artagnan, se compunea \u00een realitate din burghezi \u00eembog\u0103\u021bi\u021bi, din mici comercian\u021bi care cump\u0103rau titluri \u0219i castele, cu bani.<\/p>\n

Nobil autentic sau nu, adev\u0103ratul d’Artagnan era destinat s\u0103 fac\u0103, uneori prin curaj, alteori prin viclenie, o str\u0103lucit\u0103 carier\u0103 la Paris. Fie c\u0103 s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1611, \u00een 1615, cum presupun unii istorici, sau chiar \u00een 1620 (nu s-a putut g\u0103si actul s\u0103u de botez), trebuie s\u0103 fi ajuns la Paris t\u00e2n\u0103r, a\u0219a cum \u00eel descrie \u0219i Dumas, \u0219i s\u0103 fi intrat imediat \u00een compania domnului des Essarts. \u00cen 1640, \u00een timpul r\u0103zboiului de 30 ani, \u00eel g\u0103sim, dup\u0103 documentele Ministerului de R\u0103zboi, la asediul din Arras. Du\u0219m\u0103nia sa cu Richelieu trebuie s\u0103 fi durat pu\u021bin, pentru c\u0103 \u00een 1642 moare marele cardinal. Un an mai t\u00e2rziu, dispare dintre cei vii \u0219i Ludovic al XIII-lea.<\/p>\n

D’Artagnan a fost, \u00een realitate, un protejat al lui Mazarin, care l-a ajutat s\u0103 intre \u00een r\u00e2ndurile mu\u0219chetarilor. C\u00e2nd, \u00een timpul Frondei, Mazarin s-a exilat voluntar la Bruhl, mu\u0219chetarul a c\u0103l\u0103torit din Fran\u021ba \u00een Germania \u0219i \u00eenapoi, ca purt\u0103tor de mesaje pentru Colbert, omul de \u00eencredere al cardinalului, viitorul controlor general al finan\u021belor, \u0219i pentru Fouquet, supra-intendent al finan\u021belor (care, mai t\u00e2rziu, denun\u021bat de Colbert pentru afacerile sale veroase, avea s\u0103 fie arestat \u0219i supravegheat tot de c\u0103tre d’Artagnan).<\/p>\n

Cu asemenea buni amici, cariera sa militar\u0103 n-a r\u0103mas obscur\u0103. \u00cen 1655 a devenit c\u0103pitan \u0219i totodat\u0103 administrator al cresc\u0103toriei de p\u0103s\u0103ri de v\u00e2n\u0103toare din Tuileries, misiune foarte important\u0103, care dovedea \u00eencrederea ce i-o acorda regele. Ar fi gre\u0219it s\u0103 afirm\u0103m c\u0103 func\u021bia administrativ\u0103 a lui d’Artagnan l-a determinat s\u0103 ocoleasc\u0103 c\u00e2mpul de b\u0103t\u0103lie. Dimpotriv\u0103, a fost prezent la datorie ori de c\u00e2te ori trebuia s\u0103 lupte. Astfel, s-a aflat al\u0103turi de mare\u0219alul Turenne \u00een campania din Flandra, iar c\u00e2nd ducele de Nevers, nepotul lui Mazarin, s-a retras din fruntea companiei sale de mu\u0219chetari, d’Artagnan l-a \u00eenlocuit. \u00cen aceast\u0103 calitate a fost \u00eens\u0103rcinat s\u0103-l aresteze pe Fouquet, \u00een 1661.<\/p>\n

Arestarea lui Fouquet a produs senza\u021bie. Superintendentul, posesor al unei averi fabuloase, protejase cu generozitate pe mul\u021bi litera\u021bi \u0219i arti\u0219ti \u0219i-\u0219i f\u0103cuse numero\u0219i prieteni. \u0218tiind toate acestea, regele i-a \u00eencredin\u021bat lui d’Artagnan delicata misiune de a-l re\u021bine pe Fouquet. Mu\u0219chetarul a \u00eendeplinit \u00eentocmai ordinele regelui. Tot d’Artagnan va fi cel care \u00eel va \u00eenso\u021bi pe Fouquet \u00een exilul din Pignerol.<\/p>\n

Gatien de Courtilz nu numai c\u0103 l-a \u201edescoperit” pe d’Artagnan, dar a fost \u0219i primul care a \u00een\u021beles ce folos s-ar putea scoate din aceast\u0103 interesant\u0103 figur\u0103 de la curtea lui Ludovic al XIV-lea. Se pare c\u0103 \u00een r\u0103zboiul cu Olanda, care l-a costat via\u021ba pe d’Artagnan, de Courtilz a luptat chiar sub ordinele celebrului mu\u0219chetar.<\/p>\n

Evenimentele relatate de Courtilz \u0219i Dumas sunt aproape acelea\u0219i, ca \u0219i personajele. Ceea ce a f\u0103cut \u00een plus Dumas, a fost s\u0103 le dea aripi \u0219i s\u0103 le idealizeze. Cum a cunoscut Dumas cartea lui de Courtilz? Din simpl\u0103 \u00eent\u00e2mplare. \u00cen cursul unei c\u0103l\u0103torii la Marsilia, a fost g\u0103zduit de un prieten, al c\u0103rui frate era bibliotecarul ora\u0219ului. \u00cen rafturile bibliotecii, Dumas a dat peste Memoriile lui d’Artagnan \u0219i, interesat, ca de obicei, de tot ce era istorie, a luat-o cu \u00eemprumut, plec\u00e2nd apoi \u00een Italia. C\u00e2t despre carte, bibliotecarul n-a mai rev\u0103zut-o niciodat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen general, Dumas era bine informat. Unele nepotriviri cronologice dintre via\u021ba adev\u0103ratului d’Artagnan \u0219i cea a eroului imaginat de el au fost inten\u021bionate. De\u0219i documentat prin intermediul lui de Courtilz, Dumas s-a sim\u021bit mai mult literat dec\u00e2t istoric. L-a vrut pe Richelieu \u00een relatarea sa \u0219i nu pe Mazarin. A f\u0103cut ca povestea \u201ecelor trei mu\u0219chetari” s\u0103 se petreac\u0103 \u00eentre 1624 \u0219i 1628, de\u0219i nu e exclus ca pe atunci d\u2019Artagnan s\u0103 fi fost atunci doar un copil.<\/p>\n

Dar, cu toate acestea, trebuie s\u0103 recunoa\u015ftem c\u0103 Alexandre Dumas a publicat un roman istoric nemuritor…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cine nu a auzit de celebrul roman istoric „Cei trei mu\u015fchetari” al scriitorului Alexandre Dumas? Iar cel mai cunoscut personaj este mu\u015fchetarul d\u2019Artagnan, care, se pare c\u0103 nu e \u00een \u00eentregime un personaj n\u0103scocit. Alexandre Dumas s-a inspirat din aventurile … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65870,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[747,120,14037,1433,464,240,2005,5242,1103,325,2959,14035,3623,765,14039,202,203,14038,1532,86,14036,2107,2351,795,429,151,1169,836,653,73,453,1593,34,611,2345],"class_list":["post-65869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-alexandre-dumas","tag-anglia","tag-anna-de-austria","tag-bani","tag-biblioteca","tag-cal","tag-cardinal","tag-cardinalul-richelieu","tag-carte","tag-castel","tag-cei-trei-muschetari","tag-dartagnan","tag-diamante","tag-duce","tag-flandra","tag-franta","tag-germania","tag-giuvaer","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-italia","tag-maastricht","tag-maresal","tag-marsilia","tag-mazarin","tag-olanda","tag-oras","tag-par","tag-paris","tag-pasari","tag-razboi","tag-rege","tag-regina","tag-scriitor","tag-scrisoare","tag-strada","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nAdev\u0103rata istorie fascinant\u0103 a lui d\u2019Artagnan, eroul principal din celebrul roman "Cei trei mu\u015fchetari" al lui Alexandre Dumas - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/adevarata-istorie-fascinanta-a-lui-dartagnan-eroul-principal-din-celebrul-roman-cei-trei-muschetari-al-lui-alexandre-dumas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Adev\u0103rata istorie fascinant\u0103 a lui d\u2019Artagnan, eroul principal din celebrul roman "Cei trei mu\u015fchetari" al lui Alexandre Dumas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cine nu a auzit de celebrul roman istoric „Cei trei mu\u015fchetari” al scriitorului Alexandre Dumas? 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