{"id":65252,"date":"2019-11-20T17:14:05","date_gmt":"2019-11-20T15:14:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=65252"},"modified":"2019-11-20T17:14:05","modified_gmt":"2019-11-20T15:14:05","slug":"fascinanta-istorie-a-primului-submarin-militar-romanesc-delfinul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/fascinanta-istorie-a-primului-submarin-militar-romanesc-delfinul\/","title":{"rendered":"Fascinanta istorie a primului submarin militar rom\u00e2nesc – „Delfinul”"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Imagine:<\/strong> wikipedia.org<\/strong><\/a> (Commons Creative – free)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00cen 1926, Marina Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a comandat \u00een Italia construc\u0163ia unui submarin torpilor de tonaj mijlociu; \u00een mod logic, s-a comandat totodat\u0103 \u0219i o nav\u0103-baz\u0103, pentru c\u0103 submarinul ar fi avut nevoie de sta\u021bie electric\u0103 pentru acumulatoare, de atelier de preg\u0103tire a torpilelor, de cazarm\u0103 pentru echipaj etc.<\/p>\n

Construc\u021bia submarinului \u0219i a navei-baz\u0103 a fost repartizat\u0103 \u0219antierului Guarnaro din Fiume (ast\u0103zi portul croat Rjeka). Ca urmare, \u00een iunie 1927 a plecat acolo o comisie rom\u00e2n\u0103 de supraveghere, cuprinz\u00e2nd ofi\u021berii \u0219i mai\u0219trii destina\u021bi navei-baz\u0103 \u0219i submarinului. Ofi\u021berii \u0219i mai\u0219trii rom\u00e2ni au fost pu\u0219i \u00een situa\u021bia de a sta zi de zi \u00een haine de lucru pe calele \u0219antierului, familiariz\u00e2ndu-se cu construc\u021bia acestui nou tip de nav\u0103, cu agregatele \u0219i instala\u021biile de la bord, urm\u0103rind \u00eendeaproape respectarea prevederilor caietelor de sarcini.<\/p>\n

Solu\u021bia constructiv\u0103 a \u201eDelfinului”<\/strong> – a\u0219a s-a numit primul submarin rom\u00e2nesc – s-a inspirat din planurile de baz\u0103 germane, care se dovediser\u0103 cele mai eficiente \u00een r\u0103zboi, dar \u00eembin\u00e2nd \u015fi elemente de tehnic\u0103 italian\u0103 \u0219i francez\u0103. S-a urm\u0103rit \u00eenzestrarea navei cu agregate din cele mai noi. Pentru periscoapele \u201eZeiss”, pre\u0219edintele comisiei s-a deplasat la Kiel; tuburile de lansare \u0219i torpilele au fost furnizate de filiala renumitei case \u201eWhitehead” din Napoli, tunul de 102 mm a fost comandat firmei suedeze \u201eBofors”. Fabrica din Monza a livrat bateria de acumulatoare tip \u201eTudor”.<\/p>\n

\u00cen iunie 1931, nava-baz\u0103 a sf\u00e2r\u0219it probele de recep\u021bie \u0219i a plecat spre \u021bar\u0103. Avea 1.609 tone deplasament, 2 tunuri navale de 102 mm \u201eBofors”, 2 tunuri u\u0219oare \u0219i viteza de 14 noduri. A f\u0103cut c\u0103l\u0103toria de la Fiume \u00een 115 ore, f\u0103r\u0103 escal\u0103, ajung\u00e2nd la 20 iunie la Constan\u021ba.<\/p>\n

\u201eDelfinul” nu era \u00eens\u0103 gata. Cum nici \u00een decembrie 1931 submarinul nu a fost gata pentru recep\u021bie, statul rom\u00e2n a reziliat contractul \u0219i a dat \u00een judecat\u0103 \u0219antierul, cer\u00e2nd desp\u0103gubiri. Procesul a dat c\u00e2\u0219tig de cauz\u0103 statului rom\u00e2n, \u00eens\u0103, conform legisla\u021biei italiene, sentin\u021ba unei instan\u021be str\u0103ine \u00eempotriva unei \u00eentreprinderi italiene nu putea fi aplicat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 avizul statului italian. Lucrurile au r\u0103mas a\u0219a mai bine de 3 ani.<\/p>\n

\u00cen august 1935 s-au reluat tratativele cu \u0219antierul italian. Din costul total de 150 milioane lei fu\u0219eser\u0103 pl\u0103tite deja 135 de milioane. \u00cen octombrie 1935, nava-baz\u0103 – care fusese \u00eentre timp folosit\u0103 ca nav\u0103-\u0219coal\u0103 – a f\u0103cut o c\u0103l\u0103torie de instruc\u021bie p\u00e2n\u0103 la Fiume cu comisia de recep\u021bie. Probele nu au corespuns \u00een \u00eentregime, dar proba principal\u0103 de rezisten\u021b\u0103 \u00een imersiune a dat satisfac\u021bie. Submarinul a cobor\u00e2t p\u00e2n\u0103 la 82 m \u0219i a revenit la suprafa\u021b\u0103 \u00een bune condi\u021bii. S-a convenit ca \u0219antierul s\u0103 rezolve p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prim\u0103var\u0103 problemele tehnice restante la bord, nava-baz\u0103 \u00eenapoindu-se la Constan\u021ba. La 7 februarie 1936, ea a plecat din nou la Fiume \u0219i, la 9 mai 1936, \u00een cadrul unei solemnit\u0103\u021bi, comandorul Victor Schmidt a preluat submarinul, ridic\u00e2nd la bord pavilionul rom\u00e2nesc.<\/p>\n

\u201eDelfinul” avea un deplasament de 650 t la suprafa\u021b\u0103, 900 t \u00een imersiune, 6 tuburi lanstorpile de 533 mm, 1 tun naval de 102 mm \u0219i dou\u0103 periscoape \u201eZeiss”. Viteza de 14 noduri la suprafa\u021b\u0103 \u00eei era dat\u0103 de motoare diesel de 1600 CP, iar cea de 9 noduri \u00een imersiune de motoare electrice alimentate de o baterie proprie de acumulatoare. Echipajul urma s\u0103 aib\u0103 40 de oameni, din care 6 ofi\u021beri, 26 mai\u0219tri \u0219i subofi\u021beri \u0219i 8 marinari. Un u\u0219or defect de stabilitate in imersiune fusese compensat cu o mic\u0103 suprastructur\u0103 spre pupa (\u201ecocoa\u0219\u0103”).<\/p>\n

Submarinul a r\u0103mas \u00eenc\u0103 trei s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni la Fiume, apoi, \u00eenso\u021bit de nava-baz\u0103, a plecat la Napoli pentru a-\u0219i ambarca torpilele. Sub comanda primului s\u0103u comandant, c\u0103pitanul Victor Voinescu, a ajuns la 27 iunie 1936 la Constan\u021ba \u0219i apoi a fost oficial \u00eencadrat \u00een Divizia de Mare la 15 august 1936, cu prilejul Zilei Marinei.<\/p>\n

Pentru Marina Rom\u00e2n\u0103, \u00eenzestrarea flotei cu un submarin, o nav\u0103 cu un grad special de tehnicitate, \u00eensemna un motiv de mul\u021bumire \u0219i m\u00e2ndrie. \u00cen 1937, Subsecretariatul de Stat al Marinei a comandat alte dou\u0103 submarine (S1 \u015fi S2). Spre a evita eventuale noi neajunsuri cu \u0219antiere str\u0103ine \u0219i spre a \u00eencuraja industria na\u021bional\u0103, a fost preferat\u0103 oferta Uzinelor Re\u0219i\u021ba.<\/p>\n

\u00cen iunie 1940, submarinul \u201eDelfinul”, aflat la Constan\u021ba, a fost trimis \u00een larg, spre a fi ferit de eventuale bombardamente aeriene. A fost \u00eens\u0103 rechemat dup\u0103 scurt timp, prin rezolvarea crizei. Tot la Constan\u021ba s-a g\u0103sit submarinul \u0219i la 22 iunie 1941 c\u00e2nd, prin \u00eenceperea ostilit\u0103\u021bilor \u00een Marea Neagr\u0103, a fost trimis \u00eentr-o prim\u0103 misiune \u00een largul portului.<\/p>\n

\u00cen octombrie 1942, prin sosirea \u00een Marea Neagr\u0103 pe calea Dun\u0103rii a primelor submarine ale Flotilei 30 germane, care avea s\u0103 numere 6 unit\u0103\u021bi, \u201eDelfinul” \u0219i-a \u00eencheiat cariera sa operativ\u0103. Executase 8 misiuni. A fost trimis pentru repara\u021bii capitale la Gala\u021bi, unde a ajuns la 24 noiembrie.<\/p>\n

La 5 septembrie 1944, submarinul \u201eDelfinul” a fost rechizi\u0163ionat de URSS, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu celelalte submarine rom\u00e2ne\u015fti. Tratatul de pace \u00eencheiat la 10 septembrie 1947 la Paris interzicea Rom\u00e2niei, la timpul respectiv, s\u0103 mai posede submarine militare. Astfel c\u0103 \u00een 1960 toate submarinele rom\u00e2ne\u015fti construite \u00een perioada interbelic\u0103 au fost clasate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen 1926, Marina Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a comandat \u00een Italia construc\u0163ia unui submarin torpilor de tonaj mijlociu; \u00een mod logic, s-a comandat totodat\u0103 \u0219i o nav\u0103-baz\u0103, pentru c\u0103 submarinul ar fi avut nevoie de sta\u021bie electric\u0103 pentru acumulatoare, de atelier de preg\u0103tire … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":65253,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[4554,1135,1349,6819,5528,1532,86,1004,13947,1510,1845,13950,5385,13948,74,2822,400,2215,298,1840,13949],"class_list":["post-65252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-cel-de-al-doilea-razboi-mondial","tag-constanta","tag-croatia","tag-dunare","tag-galati","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-italia","tag-marea-neagra","tag-marina-romana","tag-motor","tag-ofiter","tag-periscop","tag-port","tag-resita","tag-romania","tag-rusi","tag-submarin","tag-tun","tag-urss","tag-viteza","tag-zeiss","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nFascinanta istorie a primului submarin militar rom\u00e2nesc - "Delfinul" - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/fascinanta-istorie-a-primului-submarin-militar-romanesc-delfinul\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fascinanta istorie a primului submarin militar rom\u00e2nesc - "Delfinul"\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen 1926, Marina Rom\u00e2n\u0103 a comandat \u00een Italia construc\u0163ia unui submarin torpilor de tonaj mijlociu; \u00een mod logic, s-a comandat totodat\u0103 \u0219i o nav\u0103-baz\u0103, pentru c\u0103 submarinul ar fi avut nevoie de sta\u021bie electric\u0103 pentru acumulatoare, de atelier de preg\u0103tire ... 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