{"id":63964,"date":"2019-09-12T16:25:05","date_gmt":"2019-09-12T13:25:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=63964"},"modified":"2019-09-12T16:25:05","modified_gmt":"2019-09-12T13:25:05","slug":"din-misterele-materiei-intunecate-exista-ea-cu-adevarat-sau-doar-gravitatia-actioneaza-ciudat-si-diferit-in-spatiul-cosmic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/din-misterele-materiei-intunecate-exista-ea-cu-adevarat-sau-doar-gravitatia-actioneaza-ciudat-si-diferit-in-spatiul-cosmic\/","title":{"rendered":"Din misterele materiei \u00eentunecate: exist\u0103 ea cu adev\u0103rat sau doar gravita\u0163ia ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 ciudat \u015fi diferit \u00een spa\u0163iul cosmic?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_63965\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-63965\" style=\"width: 328px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/materia-intunecata.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-63965\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/materia-intunecata.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"338\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/materia-intunecata.jpg 338w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/materia-intunecata-300x254.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-63965\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>Foto:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/joergdietrich\/7506750748\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>flickr.com<\/strong><\/a> (Commons Creative &#8211; free)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Materia \u00eentunecat\u0103 (<em>&#8222;Dark Matter&#8221;<\/em> \u00een limba englez\u0103), prin natura sa, este nev\u0103zut\u0103. N-o putem observa cu telescoape \u0219i nici fizicienii particulelor nu au avut noroc s-o detecteze prin experimente. Dar de ce fizicienii cred c\u0103 cea mai mare parte a masei Universului este format\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 din materie \u00eentunecat\u0103 dec\u00e2t din materia conven\u021bional\u0103, care cuprinde stelele, planetele \u0219i toate celelalte obiecte vizibile din cerul nostru?<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a r\u0103spunde la aceast\u0103 \u00eentrebare, trebuie s\u0103 facem o mic\u0103 istorie. \u00cen tot Universul observabil vedem obiecte cere\u015fti care c\u0103l\u0103toresc pe orbite, afl\u00e2ndu-se sub influen\u021ba gravita\u0163iei. La fel cum P\u0103m\u00e2ntul orbiteaz\u0103 Soarele, Soarele orbiteaz\u0103 centrul galaxiei noastre. Viteza necesar\u0103 pentru a men\u021bine un corp ceresc \u00een orbit\u0103 este propor\u0163ional cu masa \u0219i distan\u021ba. De exemplu, \u00een sistemul nostru solar, P\u0103m\u00e2ntul se mi\u0219c\u0103 cu 30 km pe secund\u0103, \u00een timp ce planetele cele mai \u00eendep\u0103rtate se rotesc cu c\u00e2\u021biva kilometri pe secund\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Galaxia noastr\u0103 este incredibil de masiv\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 Soarele o orbiteaz\u0103 la 230 km pe secund\u0103, \u00een pofida faptului c\u0103 se afl\u0103 la 26.700 de ani-lumin\u0103 de centrul galaxiei noastre. Cu toate acestea, pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce ne \u00eendep\u0103rt\u0103m de centrul galaxiei noastre, viteza orbital\u0103 a stelelor r\u0103m\u00e2ne aproximativ constant\u0103. De ce?<\/p>\n<p>Spre deosebire de sistemul nostru solar, a c\u0103rui mas\u0103 este dominat\u0103 de Soare, masa din galaxia noastr\u0103 este r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit\u0103 pe o distan\u0163\u0103 de zeci de mii de ani-lumin\u0103. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce ne \u00eendep\u0103rt\u0103m la distan\u021be mai mari de centrul galactic, masa stelelor \u0219i a gazelor din aceast\u0103 raz\u0103 cre\u015fte. Poate aceast\u0103 mas\u0103 suplimentar\u0103 s\u0103 explice vitezele mari ale celor mai \u00eendep\u0103rtate stele din galaxia noastr\u0103? Nu poate.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen anii 1960, astronomul american Vera Rubin a m\u0103surat viteza orbital\u0103 \u00een galaxia Andromeda (galaxia de l\u00e2ng\u0103 Calea Lactee), la distan\u021be de 70.000 de ani-lumin\u0103 de centrul acelei galaxii. \u00cen ciuda faptului c\u0103 aceast\u0103 distan\u021b\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te cu mult volumul stelelor \u0219i gazelor din Andromeda, viteza orbital\u0103 a r\u0103mas la fel: 250 km\/s.<\/p>\n<p>Dar acest fenomen nu este unic pentru galaxiile individuale. \u00cen anii &#8217;30, astronomul elve\u021biano-american Fritz Zwicky a descoperit c\u0103 galaxiile orbit\u00e2nd grupuri mari de galaxii se mi\u0219cau mult mai repede dec\u00e2t se a\u0219tepta.<\/p>\n<p>Ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103? O posibilitate ar fi ca o mare cantitate de mas\u0103 invizibil\u0103 s\u0103 existe dincolo de stele \u0219i gaze. Aceasta este materia \u00eentunecat\u0103. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, cercet\u0103rile ulterioare au indicat faptul c\u0103 exist\u0103 mai mult\u0103 materie \u00eentunecat\u0103 \u00een Univers dec\u00e2t materia conven\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Incapacitatea noastr\u0103 de a vedea sau de a detecta materia \u00eentunecat\u0103 ofer\u0103 indicii despre cum se comport\u0103 ea. Materia \u00eentunecat\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 pu\u021bine interac\u021biuni cu sine \u0219i cu materia conven\u021bional\u0103; altfel am fi detectat-o \u200b\u200bemit\u00e2nd lumin\u0103 \u0219i interac\u021bion\u00e2nd cu alte particule.<\/p>\n<p>\u00centruc\u00e2t materia \u00eentunecat\u0103 interac\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een cea mai mare parte doar prin gravita\u021bie, are unele propriet\u0103\u021bi curioase. Un nor de gaz fierbinte \u00een spa\u021biul cosmic poate pierde energie prin emiterea de lumin\u0103 \u0219i, astfel, s\u0103 se r\u0103ceasc\u0103. \u00cen schimb, materia \u00eentunecat\u0103 nu poate pierde energie prin emiterea de lumin\u0103. Astfel, \u00een timp ce materia conven\u021bional\u0103 se poate pr\u0103bu\u0219i \u00een obiecte dense precum stelele \u0219i planetele, materia \u00eentunecat\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne mai difuz\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 o alternativ\u0103 la materia \u00eentunecat\u0103? \u00cei deducem prezen\u021ba folosind gravita\u021bia, dar ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dac\u0103 \u00een\u021belegerea noastr\u0103 despre gravitate este gre\u0219it\u0103? Poate c\u0103 gravita\u021bia este mai puternic\u0103 la distan\u021be mari dec\u00e2t credem \u015fi a\u015fadar nu e vorba de nicio &#8222;materie \u00eentunecat\u0103&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Materia \u00eentunecat\u0103 (&#8222;Dark Matter&#8221; \u00een limba englez\u0103), prin natura sa, este nev\u0103zut\u0103. N-o putem observa cu telescoape \u0219i nici fizicienii particulelor nu au avut noroc s-o detecteze prin experimente. Dar de ce fizicienii cred c\u0103 cea mai mare parte a &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Din misterele materiei \u00eentunecate: exist\u0103 ea cu adev\u0103rat sau doar gravita\u0163ia ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 ciudat \u015fi diferit \u00een spa\u0163iul cosmic?\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/din-misterele-materiei-intunecate-exista-ea-cu-adevarat-sau-doar-gravitatia-actioneaza-ciudat-si-diferit-in-spatiul-cosmic\/#more-63964\" aria-label=\"Cite\u0219te mai multe despre Din misterele materiei \u00eentunecate: exist\u0103 ea cu adev\u0103rat sau doar gravita\u0163ia ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 ciudat \u015fi diferit \u00een spa\u0163iul cosmic?\">Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":63965,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11039],"tags":[2580,3063,102,1405,66,2048,433,1367,952,436,345,1809,4216,6790,732,6987,3417,865,733,434,1087,1840],"class_list":["post-63964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomie","tag-andromeda","tag-astronom","tag-astronomie","tag-calea-lactee","tag-energie","tag-fizician","tag-galaxie","tag-gravitatie","tag-lumina","tag-masa","tag-materie","tag-materie-intunecata","tag-orbita","tag-particule","tag-planeta","tag-praf","tag-sistem-solar","tag-soare","tag-stea","tag-telescop","tag-univers","tag-viteza","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.3 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Din misterele materiei \u00eentunecate: exist\u0103 ea cu adev\u0103rat sau doar gravita\u0163ia ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 ciudat \u015fi diferit \u00een spa\u0163iul cosmic? - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/din-misterele-materiei-intunecate-exista-ea-cu-adevarat-sau-doar-gravitatia-actioneaza-ciudat-si-diferit-in-spatiul-cosmic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Din misterele materiei \u00eentunecate: exist\u0103 ea cu adev\u0103rat sau doar gravita\u0163ia ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 ciudat \u015fi diferit \u00een spa\u0163iul cosmic?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Materia \u00eentunecat\u0103 (&#8222;Dark Matter&#8221; \u00een limba englez\u0103), prin natura sa, este nev\u0103zut\u0103. 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N-o putem observa cu telescoape \u0219i nici fizicienii particulelor nu au avut noroc s-o detecteze prin experimente. Dar de ce fizicienii cred c\u0103 cea mai mare parte a ... 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