{"id":63678,"date":"2019-08-26T13:36:49","date_gmt":"2019-08-26T10:36:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=63678"},"modified":"2019-08-26T13:36:49","modified_gmt":"2019-08-26T10:36:49","slug":"marele-mister-din-spatele-regelui-arthur-eroul-britanic-care-se-lupta-cu-dragoni-uriasi-si-cavaleri-negri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/marele-mister-din-spatele-regelui-arthur-eroul-britanic-care-se-lupta-cu-dragoni-uriasi-si-cavaleri-negri\/","title":{"rendered":"Marele mister din spatele regelui Arthur, eroul britanic care se lupta cu dragoni, uria\u015fi \u015fi cavaleri negri"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Foto:<\/strong> prelucrare proprie dupa N.C. Wyeth Painting Print<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Unul dintre cele mai cunoscute personaje istorice a britanicilor este regele Arthur, erou na\u0163ional, r\u0103zboinic arhetipal. \u015ei, cu c\u00e2t acesta e mai cunoscut, cu at\u00e2t e \u015fi mai misterios, pentru c\u0103 el apare doar \u00een legende. Dar care este legenda \u015fi care este adev\u0103rul?<\/p>\n

Pe scurt, mitul principal al lui Arthur este acesta: el a fost primul fiu al regelui Uther Pendragon, n\u0103scut \u00een Britania \u00een timpuri extrem de tulburi \u0219i de haotice. \u00cen\u021beleptul mag Merlin l-a sf\u0103tuit s\u0103 \u00eel creasc\u0103 pe micul Arthur \u00eentr-un loc secret, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t nimeni s\u0103 nu-i cunoasc\u0103 adev\u0103rata identitate.<\/p>\n

\u00centre timp, Uther Pendragon a murit, iar Britania a r\u0103mas f\u0103r\u0103 rege. Cu ajutorul magiei, Merlin \u00eenfipsese o sabie \u00eentr-o piatr\u0103. Pe sabie scria cu litere de aur c\u0103 cel care va reu\u0219i s\u0103 scoat\u0103 sabia din piatr\u0103 va fi regele de drept al Britaniei. Mul\u021bi au \u00eencercat, dar to\u021bi au e\u0219uat, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd Arthur a scos sabia, iar Merlin l-a \u00eencoronat.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 ce \u0219i-a fr\u00e2nt sabia \u00eentr-o lupt\u0103 cu regele Pellinore, Merlin l-a dus pe Arthur la un lac \u0219i o m\u00e2n\u0103 misterioas\u0103 a ie\u0219it din ap\u0103 d\u0103ruindu-i faimoasa Excalibur. Cu aceast\u0103 sabie, Arthur era invincibil \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lie. Dup\u0103 ce s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit cu Guinevere, al c\u0103rei tat\u0103 i-a d\u0103ruit Masa Rotund\u0103, Arthur a adunat un grup impresionant de cavaleri \u00een jurul s\u0103u \u0219i a pus bazele cur\u021bii la castelul Camelot. Cavalerii Mesei Rotunde, cum au devenit cunoscu\u021bi, i-au ap\u0103rat pe oamenii Britaniei de dragoni, uria\u0219i \u0219i cavaleri negri. De asemenea, au c\u0103utat o comoar\u0103 pierdut\u0103: cupa folosit\u0103 de Hristos la Ultima Cin\u0103, cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i drept Sf\u00e2ntul Graal.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 numeroase b\u0103t\u0103lii cr\u00e2ncene \u00eempotriva saxonilor invadatori, Arthur a condus Britania spre marea victorie de la Muntele Badon, unde \u00eenaintarea saxonilor a fost, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, oprit\u0103. Totu\u0219i, nu totul mergea bine, deoarece viteazul cavaler Lancelot se \u00eendr\u0103gostise de regina lui Arthur, Guinevere. Intrigile cuplului au ie\u0219it la lumin\u0103, iar Guinevere a fost condamnat\u0103 la moarte, iar Lancelot, izgonit. Cu toate acestea, Lancelot s-a \u00eentors pentru a salva regina \u0219i a dus-o \u00een castelul s\u0103u din Fran\u021ba. Atunci, Arthur a pornit o expedi\u021bie militar\u0103 pentru a-l g\u0103si pe Lancelot. \u00cen lipsa lui, Mordred (fiul lui Arthur de la sora sa vitreg\u0103, vr\u0103jitoarea Morgause, cu care se culcase \u00een tinere\u021be f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103-\u0219i dea seama cine era) a \u00eencercat s\u0103 preia puterea asupra Britaniei. C\u00e2nd Arthur s-a \u00eentors, tat\u0103l \u0219i fiul s-au luptat \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Camlann, unde Arthur l-a ucis pe Mordred, dar a primit, la r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, o ran\u0103 mortal\u0103. Trupul lui Arthur a fost depus pe o barc\u0103 misterioas\u0103 \u0219i purtat \u00een josul r\u00e2ului p\u00e2n\u0103 la insula Avalon.<\/p>\n

La scurt timp dup\u0103 ce au aflat de moartea lui Arthur, Lancelot \u0219i Guinevere au murit de durere. Totu\u0219i, trupul lui Arthur nu a fost g\u0103sit niciodat\u0103 \u0219i mul\u021bi spun c\u0103 doarme undeva sub un deal, \u00een compania cavalerilor s\u0103i, a\u0219teapt\u00e2nd s\u0103 porneasc\u0103 din nou \u00eentru salvarea Britaniei.<\/p>\n

Sursele povestirii regelui Arthur \u0219i a Cavalerilor Mesei Rotunde provin din perioade diferite. Prima referin\u021b\u0103 demn\u0103 de \u00eencredere provine din „Historia Britonum”<\/em>, atribuit\u0103 unui misterios c\u0103lug\u0103r galez, Nennius, \u0219i scris\u0103 \u00een jurul anului 825 d.Hr. \u00een aceast\u0103 lucrare, Arthur este descris ca un comandant militar, iar Nennius \u00een\u0219ir\u0103 12 b\u0103t\u0103lii \u00een care i-a \u00eenvins pe saxoni, culmin\u00e2nd cu victoria de la Muntele Badon. Din nefericire, numele de locuri folosite de c\u0103tre Nennius pentru b\u0103t\u0103lii nu mai exist\u0103 de mult\u0103 vreme \u0219i niciunul dintre situri nu poate fi identificat cu certitudine. Potrivit „Annales Cambriae”<\/em> din secolul al X-lea, Arthur \u0219i fiul s\u0103u, Mordred, au fost uci\u0219i \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Camlann, \u00een 537 d.Hr.<\/p>\n

Una dintre sursele majore o reprezint\u0103 „History of the Kings of Britain”<\/em>, scris\u0103 de clericul galez Geoffrey de Monmouth \u00een jurul anului 1136. \u00cen nara\u021biunea lui Geoffrey afl\u0103m pentru prima oar\u0103 de rivalitatea dintre Arthur \u0219i Mordred, de sabia Excalibur, de Merlin, magul sf\u0103tuitor al regelui, \u0219i de plecarea final\u0103 pe insula Avalon. Totu\u0219i, Sir Lancelot, Sf\u00e2ntul Graal \u0219i Masa Rotund\u0103 nu sunt men\u021bionate \u00een aceast\u0103 lucrare. Operele lui Geoffrey de Monmouth au fost criticate de contemporanii s\u0103i \u0219i considerate pure fic\u021biuni. Mul\u021bi \u00eenv\u0103\u021ba\u021bi de ast\u0103zi sunt de aceea\u0219i p\u0103rere. Totu\u0219i, ca \u0219i \u00een cazul istoricului grec Herodot, descoperirile arheologice moderne \u00eencep s\u0103 sus\u021bin\u0103 c\u00e2te ceva din cele scrise de Geoffrey.<\/p>\n

Poate c\u0103 dovezile arheologice ne pot trimite \u00een direc\u021bia lui Arthur cel istoric. Locurile cel mai des asociate cu regele Arthur \u00een literatur\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een partea de vest a Angliei: Tintagel, locul de na\u0219tere al regelui, Camelot, locul \u00eent\u00e2lnirilor de la Masa Rotund\u0103, \u0219i presupusul loc de veci din Glastonbury. Despre presupusele morminte ale regelui Arthur \u0219i al reginei Guinevere, g\u0103site de c\u0103lug\u0103rii Aba\u021biei Glastonbury \u00een 1190 d.Hr., se crede c\u0103 reprezint\u0103 un fals elaborat, conceput de c\u0103lug\u0103ri pentru a str\u00e2nge bani pentru aba\u021bie, care fusese de cur\u00e2nd distrus\u0103 de un incendiu. Totu\u0219i, unii cercet\u0103tori cred c\u0103 Glastonbury \u00eensu\u0219i are leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu Arthur, suger\u00e2nd c\u0103 regiunea din jurul Glastonbury Tor (un deal aflat la marginea ora\u0219ului modern) ar putea fi insula Avalon, unde a fost dus Arthur dup\u0103 ce a a fost r\u0103nit mortal \u00een b\u0103t\u0103lia de la Camlann.<\/p>\n

Au existat multe specula\u021bii cu privire la cine a fost Arthur \u0219i dac\u0103 a fost o persoan\u0103 istoric\u0103. O teorie este c\u0103 Arthur a fost un lider romano-britanic pe nume Ambrosius Aurelianus, care a luptat \u00eempotriva saxonilor nu \u00een secolul al Vl-lea, ci la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul secolului al V-lea, la c\u00e2teva zeci de ani dup\u0103 ce legiunile romane p\u0103r\u0103siser\u0103 Britania. Al\u021bi cercet\u0103tori, printre care reputatul \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat arturian Geoffrey Ashe, l-au identificat pe Arthur ca fiind Riothamus, un lider militar activ \u00een jurul secolului al V-lea, numit \u00eentr-o surs\u0103 \u201eRegele Britanilor\u201d. Lupt\u00e2nd al\u0103turi de romani cu o armat\u0103 uria\u0219\u0103 al\u0103turi, a participat la campania lor \u00eempotriva lui Euric, regele vizigo\u021bilor din Galia (Fran\u021ba), dar a disp\u0103rut apoi \u00een Burgundia, \u00een anul 470 d.Hr. Numele Riothamus are s\u0103 fie o latinizare pentru cea mai mare c\u0103petenie sau rege suprem \u0219i a fost mai degrab\u0103 un titlu dec\u00e2t un nume personal, ceea ce ar explica deosebirile fa\u021b\u0103 de numele Arthur.<\/p>\n

\u00cen esen\u021b\u0103, a existat o baz\u0103 istoric\u0103 pentru tradi\u021biile lui Arthur. Faptul c\u0103 legenda a supravie\u021buit at\u00e2t timp dovede\u0219te c\u0103 Arthur a atins o coard\u0103 sensibil\u0103 \u00een con\u0219tiin\u021ba uman\u0103 \u0219i a r\u0103spuns nevoii profunde de identificare nu doar cu un erou, ci \u0219i cu un rege care simbolizeaz\u0103 \u00eensu\u0219i spiritul Britaniei.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Unul dintre cele mai cunoscute personaje istorice a britanicilor este regele Arthur, erou na\u0163ional, r\u0103zboinic arhetipal. \u015ei, cu c\u00e2t acesta e mai cunoscut, cu at\u00e2t e \u015fi mai misterios, pentru c\u0103 el apare doar \u00een legende. Dar care este legenda … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":63679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[685,13766,332,4139,892,325,8760,13764,6897,630,202,13767,2704,210,1784,4430,1532,975,1899,13765,1620,3621,9278,108,3783,1514,453,629,1593,1094,8591,6979,1203,7783],"class_list":["post-63678","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-aur","tag-avalon","tag-batalie","tag-britania","tag-calugar","tag-castel","tag-cavaleri","tag-cavalerii-mesei-rotunde","tag-dragoni","tag-excalibur","tag-franta","tag-galia","tag-herodot","tag-iisus-hristos","tag-insula","tag-istoric","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-lac","tag-legenda","tag-mag","tag-manastire","tag-masa-rotunda","tag-merlin","tag-moarte","tag-munte","tag-piatra","tag-rege","tag-regele-arthur","tag-regina","tag-sabie","tag-saxoni","tag-sf-graal","tag-uriasi","tag-vizigoti"],"yoast_head":"\nMarele mister din spatele regelui Arthur, eroul britanic care se lupta cu dragoni, uria\u015fi \u015fi cavaleri negri - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/marele-mister-din-spatele-regelui-arthur-eroul-britanic-care-se-lupta-cu-dragoni-uriasi-si-cavaleri-negri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marele mister din spatele regelui Arthur, eroul britanic care se lupta cu dragoni, uria\u015fi \u015fi cavaleri negri\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Unul dintre cele mai cunoscute personaje istorice a britanicilor este regele Arthur, erou na\u0163ional, r\u0103zboinic arhetipal. \u015ei, cu c\u00e2t acesta e mai cunoscut, cu at\u00e2t e \u015fi mai misterios, pentru c\u0103 el apare doar \u00een legende. 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