{"id":6365,"date":"2009-07-20T20:32:21","date_gmt":"2009-07-20T17:32:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=6365"},"modified":"2019-10-14T22:09:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-14T19:09:11","slug":"marea-eruptie-a-muntelui-vezuviu-din-anul-79-si-drama-de-la-pompei","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/marea-eruptie-a-muntelui-vezuviu-din-anul-79-si-drama-de-la-pompei\/","title":{"rendered":"Marea erup\u0163ie a muntelui Vezuviu din anul 79 \u015fi drama de la Pompei"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/a>
Imagine:<\/strong> wikimedia.org<\/strong><\/a> (Commons Creative – free)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

„Norul se ridica de pe un munte – de la asemenea distan\u0163\u0103 nu ne d\u0103deam seama de pe care munte, dar dup\u0103 aceea am aflat c\u0103 era Vezuviu. Cel mai bine \u00eel pot descrie dac\u0103 \u00eel compar cu un pin. Cre\u015ftea spre cer ca un \u201e trunchi” foarte lung din care se desprindeau c\u00e2teva \u201eramuri”. \u00cemi imaginez c\u0103 a fost \u00een\u0103l\u0163at de o suflare brusc\u0103 ce a sl\u0103bit apoi \u00een intensitate \u015fi a l\u0103sat norul f\u0103r\u0103 sprijin, astfel c\u0103 acesta s-a \u00eempr\u0103\u015ftiat \u00een jur datorit\u0103 propriei sale greut\u0103\u0163i. \u00cen unele p\u0103r\u0163i norul era alb, \u00een altele avea pete \u00eentunecate de p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u015fi cenu\u015f\u0103”.<\/em><\/p>\n

(Plinius cel T\u00e2n\u0103r, scrisoare c\u0103tre Tacit \u00een care descrie erup\u0163ia vulcanului Vezuviu din anul 79)<\/p>\n

C\u00e2inele cel credincios<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2inele nu voia s\u0103 fug\u0103, indiferent c\u00e2t de greu \u00eei era s\u0103 respire, indiferent c\u00e2t de cald \u015fi de \u00eentuneric se f\u0103cuse \u00een cas\u0103 din cauza norului de cenu\u015f\u0103. St\u0103tea culcat al\u0103turi de st\u0103p\u00e2nul s\u0103u. Nu voia s\u0103-\u015fi p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2nul iubit. Mirosul puternic \u015fi p\u0103trunz\u0103tor de sulf anihilase aproape total sim\u0163ul, altfel at\u00e2t de ascu\u0163it, al mirosului pe care \u00eel avea c\u00e2inele, a\u015fa \u00eenc\u00e2t acesta nu \u015ftia c\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2nul lui se sufoc\u0103. C\u00e2inele \u00ee\u015fi puse capul pe labe \u00een timp ce ochii \u00eei l\u0103crimau din cauza sulfului din aer. C\u00e2nd temperatura crescu \u015fi mai mult, iar pieptul \u00eencepu s\u0103-i ard\u0103 insuportabil la fiecare respira\u0163ie, c\u00e2inele scheun\u0103, dar tot nu se ridic\u0103 s\u0103 fug\u0103 din cas\u0103. Se rostogoli, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 vrea, pe spate, lovind aerul spasmodic cu picioarele, cu gura larg deschis\u0103, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 inspire pu\u0163in aer proasp\u0103t. Dar nu mai exista aer proasp\u0103t \u00een casa st\u0103p\u00e2nului s\u0103u, \u015fi c\u00e2inele muri \u00een aceast\u0103 pozi\u0163ie.<\/p>\n

\"caine<\/a>Ast\u0103zi, un mulaj \u00een ghips al acestui c\u00e2ine poate fi v\u0103zut la muzeul din Pompei. C\u00e2nd cenu\u015fa fierbinte a umplut casa st\u0103p\u00e2nului lui, ea a cuprins \u015fi trupul c\u00e2inelui \u015fi, \u00een timp ce acesta se descompunea, devenind \u0163\u0103r\u00e2n\u0103, cenu\u015fa s-a \u00eent\u0103rit ca o cochilie. Aceast\u0103 \u201esculptur\u0103 a Vezuviului” a fost g\u0103sit\u0103 dup\u0103 mai bine de 1800 de ani de la erup\u0163ia vulcanului. Arheologii au reu\u015fit s\u0103 fac\u0103 un mulaj dup\u0103 cochilia de cenu\u015f\u0103 \u015fi au redat imaginea c\u00e2inelui \u00een ultimele momente ale agoniei lui, una din numeroasele victime ale muntelui Vezuviu.<\/p>\n

Vezuviul, vulcanul care erupe \u00een medie la 39 de ani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ast\u0103zi, mul\u0163i dintre locuitorii din zona ora\u015fului Neapole se roag\u0103 la sfin\u0163i implor\u00e2ndu-i s\u0103-i protejeze de m\u00e2nia Vezuviului, vulcanul amenin\u0163\u0103tor, care \u00ee\u015fi arunc\u0103 umbra peste casele \u015fi vie\u0163ile lor. Credincio\u015fii se roag\u0103 pentru c\u0103 sunt con\u015ftien\u0163i de un fapt indiscutabil: nu se pune problema dac\u0103 Vezuviul va erupe, ci c\u00e2nd se va \u00eent\u00e2mpla acest lucru.
\nDin anul 1036, Vezuviul a erupt \u00een medie la fiecare 39 de ani. De la prima lui erup\u0163ie, \u00eenregistrat\u0103 \u00een anul 79, intervalul mediu \u00eentre erup\u0163ii a fost de \u015faizeci \u015fi patru de ani. Dac\u0103 folosim pentru previzionare ultima mie de ani, Vezuviul ar fi trebuit s\u0103 erup\u0103 \u00een 1883. \u00censeamn\u0103 c\u0103 a \u00eent\u00e2rziat cu aproximativ dou\u0103zeci de ani. Ultima erup\u0163ie a Vezuviului a avut loc \u00een 1944, \u015fi ar cam trebui s\u0103 erup\u0103 din nou.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2t de puternic\u0103 va fi erup\u0163ia nu se poate spune. Dar un lucru este cert, \u015fi anume acela c\u0103 dac\u0103 Vezuviul erupe cu aceea\u015fi putere ca \u00een anul 79 \u015fi dac\u0103 ora\u015fele din Golful Neapole nu vor fi evacuate, tributul mor\u0163ii va fi de sute de mii de oameni. Vezuviul are o \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime de peste 1300 metri \u015fi, a\u015fa dup\u0103 cum afirm\u0103 Jay Robert Nash \u00een Darkest Hours, este \u201e\u00een mod constant cel mai ucig\u0103tor vulcan de pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Erup\u0163ia mortal\u0103 din anul 79<\/strong><\/p>\n

Erup\u0163ia din anul 79 i-a luat prin surprindere pe romanii care ocupau terenurile din preajma vulcanului \u015fi cultivau solul bogat de pe coastele lui. Vezuviul r\u0103m\u0103sese \u00een stare latent\u0103 zeci de ani la r\u00e2nd \u015fi romanii se obi\u015fnuiser\u0103 at\u00e2t de mult cu el \u00eenc\u00e2t exploraser\u0103 \u015fi pe\u015fterile lui interioare. Istoricul roman Strabo scria non\u015falant c\u0103 s-ar putea ca Vezuviul s\u0103 fi fost c\u00e2ndva un vulcan activ. Nici chiar un cutremur din anul 63 nu i-a tulburat prea tare pe locuitorii din Pompei, de\u015fi a d\u0103r\u00e2mat multe cl\u0103diri \u015fi a provocat uria\u015fe pagube materiale. Pe tot parcursul evenimentului nu se v\u0103zuse nici m\u0103car un firicel de fum pe Vezuviu. Oamenii au fost \u015fi mai convin\u015fi c\u0103 Vezuviul e mort \u015fi c\u0103 sunt \u00een siguran\u0163\u0103. Au avut dreptate – dar numai pentru \u015faisprezece ani.<\/p>\n

Vezuviul s-a trezit \u00een ziua de 24 august, la ora 1 dup\u0103-amiaza \u015fi a erupt f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eentrerupere timp de opt zile. Aceast\u0103 erup\u0163ie a constat dintr-o explozie de gaz \u015fi pietre asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu \u201epinul” descris de Plinius, \u015fi din \u015fuvoaie de fl\u0103c\u0103ri compuse din bolovani, piatr\u0103 ponce \u015fi cenu\u015f\u0103. \u00cen aceast\u0103 erup\u0163ie nu a existat lav\u0103. Milioane de tone de cenu\u015f\u0103 fierbinte au c\u0103zut pe ora\u015fele Pompei \u015fi Herculanum, urmate de rev\u0103rsarea unei cantit\u0103\u0163i uria\u015fe de ap\u0103 provenind dintr-un rezervor constituit \u00eentr-unui din craterele vulcanului. Apa amestecat\u0103 cu cenu\u015f\u0103 a format un fel de past\u0103 incandescent\u0103 care a acoperit totul \u00een calea sa, inclusiv c\u00e2inele al c\u0103rui mulaj se afl\u0103 acum \u00een muzeu.<\/p>\n

Mii de oameni au reu\u015fit s\u0103 fug\u0103 din Pompei, dar au fost destul de numero\u015fi cei care au refuzat s\u0103-\u015fi p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 locuin\u0163ele. S\u0103p\u0103turile efectuate \u00een ora\u015ful Pompei au scos la iveal\u0103 un proprietar de cas\u0103 care \u015fedea pe un morman de aur \u015fi argint, \u00eenconjurat de trupurile sf\u00eertecate ale jefuitorilor.<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 erup\u0163ie cumplit\u0103 impresioneaz\u0103 prin acurate\u0163ea cu care cenu\u015fa fierbinte i-a conservat pe neferici\u0163ii cet\u0103\u0163eni din Pompei. \u00cen secolul al XVIII-lea, c\u00e2nd regele Neapolelui le-a permis arheologilor s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 s\u0103p\u0103turile la Pompei, ace\u015ftia au g\u0103sit p\u00e2ine \u00een cuptoarele de piatr\u0103, vin \u00een c\u0103ni, m\u0103sline plutind \u00een uleiul \u00eenc\u0103 lichid, doi solda\u0163i romani \u00een uniform\u0103. Au descoperit schelete care \u0163ineau \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103 monede \u015fi chei, paznici \u00eenarma\u0163i \u00een posturile de gard\u0103 \u015fi o mam\u0103 \u0163in\u00e2ndu-\u015fi \u00een bra\u0163e fiica \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2ntat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Pompeiul ren\u0103scut este ast\u0103zi una dintre cele mai faimoase atrac\u0163ii turistice din Italia \u015fi exist\u0103 pe internet nenum\u0103rate fotografii ale cl\u0103dirilor restaurate, ale coloanelor, caselor \u015fi amfiteatrului, precum \u015fi imagini ale unor trupuri perfect conservate. Vezuviul este \u00een continuare activ. Dac\u0103 \u00ee\u015fi va \u00eencheia cariera cu puterea cu care \u015fi-a \u00eenceput-o, tributul mor\u0163ii \u015fi al distrugerilor ar putea fi inimaginabil.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

„Norul se ridica de pe un munte – de la asemenea distan\u0163\u0103 nu ne d\u0103deam seama de pe care munte, dar dup\u0103 aceea am aflat c\u0103 era Vezuviu. Cel mai bine \u00eel pot descrie dac\u0103 \u00eel compar cu un pin. … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":64536,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[652,1532,86,1868,1869,1460],"class_list":["post-6365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-caine","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-italia","tag-pompei","tag-vezuviu","tag-vulcan","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nMarea erup\u0163ie a muntelui Vezuviu din anul 79 \u015fi drama de la Pompei - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/marea-eruptie-a-muntelui-vezuviu-din-anul-79-si-drama-de-la-pompei\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marea erup\u0163ie a muntelui Vezuviu din anul 79 \u015fi drama de la Pompei\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"„Norul se ridica de pe un munte – de la asemenea distan\u0163\u0103 nu ne d\u0103deam seama de pe care munte, dar dup\u0103 aceea am aflat c\u0103 era Vezuviu. 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