{"id":61632,"date":"2019-04-05T21:41:48","date_gmt":"2019-04-05T18:41:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=61632"},"modified":"2019-04-05T21:41:48","modified_gmt":"2019-04-05T18:41:48","slug":"cum-rusii-au-furat-3-bombardiere-americane-b-29-si-le-au-clonat-in-propria-versiune-tu-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/cum-rusii-au-furat-3-bombardiere-americane-b-29-si-le-au-clonat-in-propria-versiune-tu-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum ru\u015fii au furat 3 bombardiere americane B-29 \u015fi le-au clonat \u00een propria versiune: TU-4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Cum s-a n\u0103scut ideea lui B-29<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 atacul de la Pearl Harbor din decembrie 1941, pre\u0219edintele american Roosevelt a avut o dorin\u021b\u0103 arz\u0103toare de a se r\u0103zbuna prin bombardarea Japoniei. Aceasta a devenit \u00een cur\u00e2nd o obsesie, dar cum s\u0103 se realizeze acest lucru? Singurul bombardier cu raz\u0103 lung\u0103 de ac\u0163iune \u00een arsenalul american era B-17, dar acesta nu putea ajunge direct din SUA \u00een Japonia. Era nevoie de un super bombardier, \u00eens\u0103 acesta nu era disponibil.<\/p>\n

\u00cens\u0103, generalul de avia\u0163ie H.H. Arnold a venit cu o solu\u0163ie; el a trimis o cerere tuturor companiilor de aeronave pentru construirea unui super bombardier. Boeing lucra la un astfel de proiect de ceva timp \u0219i a c\u00e2\u0219tigat imediat contractul. Trebuiau s\u0103 livreze dou\u0103 prototipuri \u00een anul 1942. Acesta trebuia s\u0103 fie cel mai rapid, cel mai mare \u0219i cel mai greu avion produs vreodat\u0103 \u00een lume.<\/p>\n

Lansarea lui B-29<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

La 21 septembrie 1942, primul Boeing B-29 (denumit SuperFort\u0103rea\u0163a) a ie\u0219it din uzina din Seattle. \u00cen anul 1943, au fost scoase sute de B-29, \u00een produc\u0163ie de mas\u0103. Primele bombardiere au fost trimise \u00een zona Chinei, Birmaniei \u015fi Indiei. Generalul Arnold \u015fi-a dat seama c\u0103 este nevoie de un loc pentru aterizarea avioanelor avariate dup\u0103 bombardarea Japoniei. A\u015fa c\u0103 Roosevelt i-a cerut lui Stalin permisiunea de a ateriza \u00een Siberia sau Rusia. Stalin a evitat s\u0103 r\u0103spund\u0103 la cerere, Rusia nefiind \u00een r\u0103zboi cu Japonia, dorind s\u0103-\u015fi concentreze for\u0163ele \u00een frontul de est \u00eempotriva germanilor. Dup\u0103 bombardarea Japoniei, li s-a permis, doar \u00eentr-o situa\u021bie de urgen\u021b\u0103 extrem\u0103, s\u0103 aterizeze \u00een Vladivostok, \u00een extremul Rusiei.<\/p>\n

Cum au furat ru\u015fii bombardierele B-29<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

La 20 august 1944, un B-29 s-a pr\u0103bu\u015fit \u00een Uniunea Sovietic\u0103. Cam \u00een acela\u0219i timp, trei avioane B-29 au aterizat \u00een Vladivostok. Unul dintre avioane a fost „Ramp Tramp”, altul a fost „Ding Hao”. \u00cen mod ironic, al treilea avion, complet intact, a fost „gen. H.H. Arnold”. Echipajele au presupus c\u0103 avioanele vor fi re\u00eenc\u0103rcate \u0219i c\u0103 se vor \u00eentoarce \u00een China. \u00cens\u0103, ru\u015fii au refuzat s\u0103 le dea drumul s\u0103 mai plece. Militarii americani au fost re\u0163inu\u0163i, iar avioanele rechizi\u0163ionate. Acum, ru\u0219ii aveau 3 B-29 complete. Cererile disperate din partea SUA pentru eliberarea militarilor \u0219i a aeronavelor au fost ignorate.<\/p>\n

Clonarea lui B-29<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Stalin nu avea de g\u00e2nd s\u0103 le dea americanilor avioanele \u00eenapoi, ci dorea s\u0103 le fure. Dictatorul sovietic avea inten\u0163ia ca URSS s\u0103 construiasc\u0103 propriul bombardier cu raz\u0103 lung\u0103 de ac\u0163iune, \u00eens\u0103 ar fi durat prea mult. O cale mai bun\u0103 era aceea de a fura \u015fi a copia de la americani. Stalin a cerut inginerilor s\u0103i ca reproducerile s\u0103 fie gata \u00een doi ani. \u00centreaga industrie de avioane sovietice a fost mobilizat\u0103 pentru a \u00eendeplini acest termen aparent imposibil. Ru\u0219ii au fost uimi\u0163i de avansul tehnic a lui B-29.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
B-29<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Eliberarea militarilor americani<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, prin unele negocieri diplomatice bizare dintre SUA \u0219i Molotov, s-a aranjat ca echipajele americane s\u0103 fie eliberate \u00een Ta\u0219kent, Rusia, prin intermediul trenului. Din Ta\u0219kent, militarii au fost transporta\u0163i cu trenul \u0219i camionul spre Teheran, Iran, iar de aici au ajuns acas\u0103. Cu toate acestea, militarii au fost avertiza\u021bi s\u0103 nu vorbeasc\u0103 cu nimeni \u0219i au trebuit s\u0103 semneze documente prin care au jurat s\u0103 p\u0103streze secretul.<\/p>\n

Lansarea lui TU-4<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00centre timp, ru\u015fii au angajat cei mai buni pilo\u021bi, tehnicieni, ingineri \u0219i speciali\u0219ti \u00een avia\u021bie pentru a m\u0103sura \u0219i cataloga fiecare dintre cele 105.000 de p\u0103r\u021bi ale lui B-29. Ru\u015fii au decis s\u0103 dezasambleze complet avionul Arnold \u0219i s\u0103-l foloseasc\u0103 pentru m\u0103sur\u0103tori. Ding Hao urma s\u0103 serveasc\u0103 drept model de referin\u021b\u0103, iar Ramp Tramp urma s\u0103 fie utilizat pentru antrenamentul pilo\u021bilor. Ru\u0219ii au fost uimi\u021bi de calitatea manoperei \u0219i a tehnologiei implicate \u00een fabricarea lui B-29.<\/p>\n

Totu\u015fi, ei avut mari probleme. Nu au reu\u0219it s\u0103 reproduc\u0103 tancurile de rezerv\u0103 de combustibil. De asemenea, nu aveau nici capacitatea de a produce anvelope imense. Sistemul sofisticat de arme a prezentat cea mai mare problem\u0103. Ru\u0219ii au trimis agen\u021bi \u00een SUA pentru a \u00eencerca s\u0103 cumpere orice planuri de componente pentru B-29.<\/p>\n

P\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103, s-a n\u0103scut bombardierul rusesc „TU-4”, numit \u015fi „Taurul”, de\u015fi Statele Unite nu credeau c\u0103 ru\u0219ii nu aveau capacitatea de a clona B-29, p\u0103r\u00e2nd a fi o „misiune imposibil\u0103”. \u00cens\u0103, \u00een parada Zilei aviatice ruse din 1947, Stalin \u015fi-a prezentat bombardierul TU-4, care putea s\u0103 loveasc\u0103 orice \u021bint\u0103 din SUA.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
TU-4<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Totu\u015fi, ru\u015fii aveau probleme cu proiectul TU-4. Sistemul automat avansat de tragere a r\u0103mas nerezolvat. Au existat probleme cu sistemul de presiune, iar motorul avionului se supra\u00eenc\u0103lzea \u015fi avea o durat\u0103 scurt\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103. \u00cen general, bombardierul era total lipsit de fiabilitate. Ru\u0219ii au \u00eencercat rezolvarea acestor probleme, iar p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1949, TU-4 a devenit pe deplin opera\u021bional.<\/p>\n

TU-4 a fost produs \u00een aproximativ 850 de exemplare \u015fi a fost exploatat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anii ’60. TU-4 a devenit o parte din istoria avia\u021biei ruse\u0219ti, a\u0219a cum a fost B-29 \u00een istoria avia\u0163iei americane. Singurul TU-4 r\u0103mas poate fi v\u0103zut la Academia For\u021belor Aeriene Yuri Gagarin din Moscova. Aceast\u0103 poveste este doar o alt\u0103 pagin\u0103 din istoria avia\u021biei…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cum s-a n\u0103scut ideea lui B-29 Dup\u0103 atacul de la Pearl Harbor din decembrie 1941, pre\u0219edintele american Roosevelt a avut o dorin\u021b\u0103 arz\u0103toare de a se r\u0103zbuna prin bombardarea Japoniei. Aceasta a devenit \u00een cur\u00e2nd o obsesie, dar cum s\u0103 … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":61635,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[13464,2854,762,13459,13460,6814,13462,1843,4167,446,626,84,5264,619,4609,470,1532,128,864,1981,1308,1510,1197,5372,190,73,1107,48,7138,1576,296,23,13463,4031,2078,13461,298,5972],"class_list":["post-61632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-anvelope","tag-arme","tag-avion","tag-b-17","tag-b-29","tag-birmania","tag-boieng","tag-bombardier","tag-camion","tag-china","tag-combustibil","tag-dictator","tag-general","tag-india","tag-inginer","tag-iran","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-japonia","tag-militari","tag-molotov","tag-moscova","tag-motor","tag-pearl-harbor","tag-pilot","tag-presedinte","tag-razboi","tag-roosevelt","tag-rusia","tag-seattle","tag-siberia","tag-stalin","tag-sua","tag-taskent","tag-teheran","tag-tren","tag-tu-4","tag-urss","tag-vladivostok","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nCum ru\u015fii au furat 3 bombardiere americane B-29 \u015fi le-au clonat \u00een propria versiune: TU-4 - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/cum-rusii-au-furat-3-bombardiere-americane-b-29-si-le-au-clonat-in-propria-versiune-tu-4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cum ru\u015fii au furat 3 bombardiere americane B-29 \u015fi le-au clonat \u00een propria versiune: TU-4\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cum s-a n\u0103scut ideea lui B-29 Dup\u0103 atacul de la Pearl Harbor din decembrie 1941, pre\u0219edintele american Roosevelt a avut o dorin\u021b\u0103 arz\u0103toare de a se r\u0103zbuna prin bombardarea Japoniei. 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Aceasta a devenit \u00een cur\u00e2nd o obsesie, dar cum s\u0103 ... 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