{"id":61156,"date":"2019-03-14T12:34:46","date_gmt":"2019-03-14T10:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=61156"},"modified":"2019-03-14T12:34:46","modified_gmt":"2019-03-14T10:34:46","slug":"au-plantele-constiinta-experimente-incredibile-care-arata-inteligenta-si-capacitatea-extraordinara-de-comunicare-a-plantelor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/au-plantele-constiinta-experimente-incredibile-care-arata-inteligenta-si-capacitatea-extraordinara-de-comunicare-a-plantelor\/","title":{"rendered":"Au plantele con\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103? Experimente incredibile care arat\u0103 inteligen\u0163a \u015fi capacitatea extraordinar\u0103 de comunicare a plantelor"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Cercet\u0103rile efectuate \u00een ultimele decenii au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 plantele au \u015fi ele un gen de sistem nervos, care este, desigur, mult mai simplu dec\u00e2t la celelalte fiin\u0163e vii. Experimente de felul celor efectuate de profesorul Andreas Sievers de la Universitatea din Bonn (Germania) au demonstrat \u00een mod evident faptul c\u0103 \u015fi la plante exist\u0103 o anumit\u0103 dirijare prin biocuren\u0163i electrici, ce transmit diverse \u201emesaje codificate” spre unele organe de sim\u0163 specifice. Filamentele trec\u00e2nd de la celul\u0103 la celul\u0103 ar fi c\u0103ile de transport ale biocuren\u0163ilor, care, s-a constatat, circul\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 cu o vitez\u0103 mult mai redus\u0103: 3 centimetri\/secund\u0103, \u00een timp ce la fiin\u0163a uman\u0103 viteza lor este de 100 metri\/secund\u0103.<\/p>\n

O categorie de astfel de impulsuri s-a determinat c\u0103 exist\u0103 \u00eentre grup\u0103rile de celule numite statocite – care se afl\u0103 la v\u00e2rfurile r\u0103d\u0103cinilor – \u015fi zonele de cre\u015ftere din restul r\u0103d\u0103cinilor \u015fi, respectiv, din tulpin\u0103; men\u0163inerea statocitelor sub influen\u0163a unui c\u00e2mp electric mai puternic a condus, \u00een experimentele respective, la o total\u0103 dereglare a modului de cre\u015ftere, plantele pierz\u00e2ndu-\u015fi orientarea de \u201ejos” \u015fi „sus”.<\/p>\n

Punerea \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 a a\u015fa-zisului sistem nervos al plantelor a reactivat \u00eens\u0103 o \u00eentreag\u0103 serie de \u00eentreb\u0103ri inerente, care s-au conturat \u00een special ca urmare a cercet\u0103rilor efectuate \u00een cursul actualului secol: exist\u0103, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, asem\u0103n\u0103ri fundamentale \u00eentre plante \u015fi animale? Pot comunica plantele \u00eentre ele, sau, chiar mai mult, ar putea comunica plantele cu fiin\u0163ele din regnul animal \u015fi, respectiv, cu omul? Ar putea plantele s\u0103 aib\u0103 memorie, sau, poate, chiar… \u015fi con\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103?<\/p>\n

\u201eFiin\u0163ele verzi”, precum \u015fi insectele \u015fi animalele au avut c\u00e2ndva o aceea\u015fi origine ancestral\u0103: primele \u015fi cele mai simple fiin\u0163e vii, unicelulare, care s-au format lent \u015fi au tr\u0103it cu miliarde de ani \u00een urm\u0103, \u00een marele ocean planetar. Prin \u00eendelungatul proces de evolu\u0163ie a formelor de materie vie au ap\u0103rut mai \u00eent\u00e2i plantele \u015fi apoi – mult mai t\u00e2rziu – fiin\u0163ele din regnul animal.<\/p>\n

Anumite p\u0103r\u0163i din celulele vegetale – formate din molecule de clorofil\u0103 – sunt foarte asem\u0103n\u0103toare asocierile de molecule de hemoglobin\u0103 – care dau culoarea ro\u015fie a s\u00e2ngelui animalelor. Dar o similitudine mai pregnant\u0103 se eviden\u0163iaz\u0103 \u00eentre acei corpusculi de citoplasm\u0103 – numi\u0163i cloroplaste – care, la plante, absorb fotonii lumino\u015fi – \u015fi, respectiv, celulele \u00een form\u0103 de bastona\u015fe existente \u00een ochii animalelor, care, de asemenea, absorb fotonii lumino\u015fi pentru a crea \u00een final imaginile vizuale din creier. Am putea presupune c\u0103 aceste cloroplaste ar conduce \u015fi ele – \u00een paralel – la redarea \u00een interiorul plantelor a diferitelor imagini?<\/p>\n

Totu\u015fi, la ce le-ar putea folosi plantelor ,,s\u0103 vad\u0103” casele, automobilele, oamenii sau animalele din p\u0103dure, at\u00e2t timp c\u00e2t ele nu se pot deplasa \u015fi nu se pot ap\u0103ra de tot ce se mi\u015fc\u0103 \u00een exterior? \u015ei totu\u015fi, \u201efiin\u0163ele verzi” posed\u0103 mai multe elemente de sesizare \u201evizual\u0103’\u2019\u2019 dec\u00e2t \u00eensu\u015fi omul! \u00cen interiorul celulelor vegetale, ele posed\u0103 milioane de pigmen\u0163i sensibili care le permit \u201es\u0103 vad\u0103” c\u00e2nd trebuie s\u0103-\u015fi deschid\u0103 florile pentru a primi mai mult\u0103 lumin\u0103 sau unde au loc liber s\u0103-\u015fi dezvolte \u201etrupul” – trunchiul, ramurile \u015fi frunzele. Dac\u0103 plante ca floarea-soarelui \u201ev\u0103d” pozi\u0163ia astrului \u015fi \u00ee\u015fi comand\u0103 \u00eentoarcerea \u201efe\u0163ei” c\u0103tre el, alte specii de plante, din contr\u0103, nu accept\u0103 ca florile lor s\u0103 fie supuse la o doz\u0103 prea mare de iradiere solar\u0103, ca de exemplu \u00een cazul gen\u0163ianelor montane, la care florile stau deschise toat\u0103 ziua dac\u0103 cerul este acoperit, pentru ca, \u00een zilele cu cerul plin de lumina astrului, florile s\u0103 se \u00eenchid\u0103 deliberat la ora 11!<\/p>\n

Aceste sesiz\u0103ri \u015fi select\u0103ri utilizate \u00een modul de dezvoltare \u201econtrolat\u0103” Ie vom putea reg\u0103si la absolut toate plantele, mari sau mici, de la simplele flori de c\u00e2mp, p\u00e2n\u0103 la cei mai impun\u0103tori copaci. \u015ei astfel, s-a \u00eenfiripat \u00een g\u00e2ndurile cercet\u0103torilor o \u00eentrebare cumva hazardat\u0103, bazat\u0103 totu\u015fi pe un anume fond ipotetic, deocamdat\u0103: au poate \u015fi plantele o \u201evoin\u0163\u0103'” a lor? \u00cen secolul trecut, un mare prieten al \u201efiin\u0163elor verzi” – biologul francez Raoul France – puncta acest aspect, spun\u00e2nd: \u201ePlantele sunt capabile s\u0103 aib\u0103 inten\u0163ii. Ele se pot \u00eentinde c\u0103tre \u00abceva\u00bb, pot s\u0103-\u015fi selecteze direc\u0163ia, precum \u015fi scopul lor”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Experien\u0163ele efectuate de c\u0103tre biologii americani Th. Baldwin \u015fi George Schultz au fost incredibile. \u00cen vase separate, dar apropiate, au fost planta\u0163i arbori tineri de ar\u0163ari \u015fi plopi. Separarea prin vase amplasate la o anumit\u0103 distan\u0163\u0103, c\u00e2t \u015fi prin paravane simple, nu oferea niciun contact \u00eentre r\u0103d\u0103cinile sau ramurile lor, care s\u0103 poat\u0103 permite eventuale schimburi chimice directe. La un moment dat, unuia dintre cop\u0103cei i-au fost rupte frunze \u015fi vl\u0103stare; la scurt tirnp, \u201er\u0103nitul” a \u00eenceput s\u0103 secrete o substan\u0163\u0103 de ap\u0103rare – fenol – cu ajutorul c\u0103reia \u015fi-a \u00eenchis \u201er\u0103nile” provocate; \u00een decurs de c\u00e2teva ore, substan\u0163a respectiv\u0103 a ap\u0103rut, \u015fi \u00een restul frunzelor neafectate, ca singur\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 de ap\u0103rare ce \u015fi-a putut-o crea planta. Surpriza s-a produs \u00eens\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd au fost analizate chimic \u015fi frunzele celorlal\u0163i cop\u0103cei apropia\u0163i; la un anume moment, s-a constatat faptul c\u0103 ap\u0103ruser\u0103 concentra\u0163ii de fenol \u015fi \u00een frunzele acestora, care nu fuseser\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u201er\u0103ni\u0163i”. Secretarea fenolului la ceilal\u0163i arbori a avut deci un rol preventiv, ca urmare a prelu\u0103rii unei informa\u0163ii! Dar cum oare, pe ce cale a putut \u201er\u0103nitul” s\u0103-i avertizeze asupra pericolului pe fra\u0163ii s\u0103i \u00eentru specie? Deocamdat\u0103, acest fenomen biologic nu a fost \u00eenc\u0103 elucidat de c\u0103tre cercet\u0103torii respectivi, mai ales c\u0103 posibilit\u0103\u0163ile plantelor de a prelua informa\u0163ii par a fi cu mult mai complexe.<\/p>\n

Concluzia? Plantele au un statut de fiin\u0163e mult mai dezvoltate dec\u00e2t ne-am obi\u015fnuit cu to\u0163ii s\u0103 le acord\u0103m; trebuie s\u0103 recunoa\u015ftem c\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd vorbim despre plante, \u015ftiindu-le oarbe, mute \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 cea mai mic\u0103 urm\u0103 de creier, le consider\u0103m – \u00een cel mai bun caz – ca fiind ni\u015fte fiin\u0163e \u201eproaste”. Biologii, care s-au apropiat de intimitatea vie\u0163ii acestora, se exprim\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u00een cu totul alt\u0103 manier\u0103; astfel, un om de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 rus nu a ezitat s\u0103 declare: \u201eC\u0103 plantele sunt capabile s\u0103 perceap\u0103 mediul \u00eenconjur\u0103tor este un fapt cunoscut de mult timp. F\u0103r\u0103 percepere, nu exist\u0103 adaptare. Dac\u0103 plantele nu ar avea niciun organ de sim\u0163 \u015fi nicio posibilitate de a transmite informa\u0163ii, de a le \u00eenmagazina \u015fi prelucra, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 c\u0103 ele ar fi pierit de demult”<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cercet\u0103rile efectuate \u00een ultimele decenii au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 plantele au \u015fi ele un gen de sistem nervos, care este, desigur, mult mai simplu dec\u00e2t la celelalte fiin\u0163e vii. Experimente de felul celor efectuate de profesorul Andreas Sievers de la Universitatea … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":61157,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[237,5854,7473,4905,8210,7239,4953,2676,2286,3691,13377,4752,9230,203,4716,649,129,952,229,3595,9800,2398,6045,1964,9165,865,2250,1840],"class_list":["post-61156","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natura-animale","tag-animale","tag-arbori","tag-automobile","tag-biolog","tag-bonn","tag-celule","tag-comunicare","tag-constiinta","tag-copaci","tag-floare","tag-floarea-soarelui","tag-fotoni","tag-frunze","tag-germania","tag-hemoglobina","tag-insecte","tag-inteligenta","tag-lumina","tag-memorie","tag-molecule","tag-natura-animale","tag-padure","tag-plante","tag-sange","tag-sistem-nervos","tag-soare","tag-universitate","tag-viteza","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nAu plantele con\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103? 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