{"id":59426,"date":"2015-01-20T23:02:44","date_gmt":"2015-01-20T21:02:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=59426"},"modified":"2023-12-24T21:32:06","modified_gmt":"2023-12-24T19:32:06","slug":"opt-fiinte-benefice-sau-malefice-care-va-pot-vizita-de-craciun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/opt-fiinte-benefice-sau-malefice-care-va-pot-vizita-de-craciun\/","title":{"rendered":"8 fiin\u0163e benefice sau malefice care v\u0103 pot vizita de Cr\u0103ciun, conform legendelor!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Cr\u0103ciunul este o s\u0103rb\u0103toare foarte frumoas\u0103, de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului, o perioad\u0103 \u00een care toat\u0103 lumea \u00eemparte cadouri celor dragi. Iar personajul principal al acestei s\u0103rb\u0103tori este, bine\u00een\u0163eles, Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciun. Acesta apare ca un om b\u0103tr\u00e2n prietenos care \u00eemparte cadouri tuturor copiilor \u00een noaptea de Cr\u0103ciun (de 24 spre 25 decembrie).<\/p>\n

Chiar dac\u0103 mitul poate varia de la zon\u0103 la zon\u0103, \u00een special \u00een func\u021bie de clima \u00een perioada Cr\u0103ciunului (care pleac\u0103 de la o iarn\u0103 \u00eenghe\u021bat\u0103 \u00een emisfera nordic\u0103 \u0219i ajunge la o var\u0103 c\u0103lduroas\u0103 \u00een emisfera sudic\u0103), \u00een general Mo\u0219 Cr\u0103ciun este imaginat ca fiind \u00eembr\u0103cat \u00eentr-un costum ro\u0219u, av\u00e2nd o barb\u0103 lung\u0103 \u0219i alb\u0103 \u0219i locuind \u00eentr-o \u021bar\u0103 nordic\u0103 (mai frecvent \u00een Finlanda sau \u00een Canada). Spiridu\u0219ii \u00eel ajut\u0103 la preg\u0103tirea cadourilor \u00een atelierul Mo\u0219ului. El \u00eemparte cadourile cu ajutorul unei s\u0103nii zbur\u0103toare, ce este tras\u0103 de reni (sau pe o plan\u0219\u0103 de surf \u00een Australia).<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u015fi alte personaje (malefice sau benefice) care \u00ee\u015fi fac prezen\u0163a \u00een timpul Cr\u0103ciunului. Despre acestea vom vorbi \u00een acest articol.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>1) Fecioara Z\u0103pezii.<\/strong> Mo\u0219 Geril\u0103, Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciunul rusesc, nu este diferit de Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciunul din Occident, cu excep\u021bia faptului c\u0103 el are un ajutor de sex feminin. De fapt, el este singurul Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciun din lume care are un partener femeie. Fecioara Z\u0103pezii c\u0103l\u0103tore\u0219te cu Mo\u015f Geril\u0103 pentru a oferi cadouri, ac\u021bion\u00e2nd ca intermediar \u00eentre el \u0219i copii.<\/p>\n

Fecioara Z\u0103pezii \u00ee\u015fi are originea \u00een basme. \u00centr-o versiune a pove\u0219tii, ea este fiica lui Mo\u0219 Geril\u0103 \u0219i a Cr\u0103iesii Z\u0103pezii. \u00centr-o alt\u0103 versiune, un cuplu f\u0103r\u0103 copii a f\u0103cut Fecioara Z\u0103pezii din z\u0103pad\u0103, aduc\u00e2nd-o \u00een mod magic la via\u0163\u0103, dar ea se tope\u0219te atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 sar\u0103 peste un foc juc\u0103u\u0219.<\/p>\n

Fecioara Z\u0103pezii \u015fi-a c\u00e2\u0219tigat popularitate \u00een secolul al 19-lea, atunci c\u00e2nd Aleksandr Ostrovski a scris o pies\u0103 despre ea, numit\u0103 chiar a\u015fa – „Fecioara Z\u0103pezii”. Aceast\u0103 pies\u0103 a fost transpus\u0103 \u00een muzic\u0103 de celebrul compozitor Ceaikovski. \u00cen povestirea lui Ostrovski, Fecioara Z\u0103pezii este nemuritoare \u015fi vrea s\u0103 simt\u0103 dragostea oamenilor normali. Ea \u00ee\u015fi convinge mama s\u0103-i dea o coroan\u0103 de flori magic\u0103, care-i confer\u0103 capacitatea de a iubi, dar de \u00eendat\u0103 ce Fecioara Z\u0103pezii p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te p\u0103durea iernii \u00een c\u0103utarea dragostei, ea se tope\u0219te \u00een lumina soarelui.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>2) Nisser.<\/strong> Un Nisse (pluralul este „Nisser”) este un pitic mic, cu o p\u0103l\u0103rie ro\u0219ie \u0219i o barb\u0103 lung\u0103, alb\u0103, ca un gnom de gr\u0103din\u0103. „Nisser”-ii tr\u0103iesc pe la gospod\u0103riile fermierilor, ajut\u00e2ndu-i cu treburi. „Nisser”-ii nu cer altceva dec\u00e2t \u00eencredere, respect \u0219i o farfurie de terci \u00een fiecare ajun de Cr\u0103ciun. \u015ei, cel mai bine ar fi ca acel terci s\u0103 con\u0163in\u0103 \u015fi o mul\u021bime de unt; altfel, acel nisse va avea un acces de furie.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 o poveste despre o servitoare care a vrut s\u0103-i fac\u0103 o fars\u0103 unui nisse al st\u0103p\u00e2nului ei. Ea a ascuns untul \u00een partea de jos a vasului plin cu terci. C\u00e2nd piticul a v\u0103zut c\u0103 nu are unt \u00een vasul cu terci, s-a \u00eenfuriat at\u00e2t de tare \u00eenc\u00e2t a omor\u00e2t vaca fermierului. Mai t\u00e2rziu, dup\u0103 ce-a v\u0103zut c\u0103 untul se afla acolo, a regretat fapta \u015fi a \u00eenlocuit vaca omor\u00e2t\u0103 cu alta furat\u0103 de la un vecin. „Nisser”-ii sunt cunoscu\u0163i pentru c\u0103 fur\u0103 de la vecini pentru beneficiile fermelor \u00een care tr\u0103iesc.<\/p>\n

Nisse este derivat din „Nils”, un cuv\u00e2nt de origine scandinav\u0103 pentru „Nicolae”. Ast\u0103zi, scandinavii \u00eenc\u0103 las\u0103 terci cu unt \u00een hambarele lor pentru Nisser, pentru a m\u00e2nca \u00een Ajunul Cr\u0103ciunului.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>3) Capra Yule.<\/strong> Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciun este tras \u00een sanie nu de 8 reni, ci de o singur\u0103 capr\u0103: capra Yule. Originile capre Yule se reg\u0103sesc \u00een zeul nordic Thor, care zbura pe cer \u00eentr-un car tras de doi \u021bapi. Este un obicei suedez ca o persoan\u0103 \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 ca \u015fi capra Yule s\u0103 fie condus\u0103 din cas\u0103 \u00een cas\u0103.<\/p>\n

Poate cel mai interesant lucru este modul \u00een care capra Yule a fost s\u0103rb\u0103torit\u0103 de-a lungul anilor. \u00cen sezonul de vacan\u021b\u0103 din 1966, un artist din Gavle, Suedia, a ridicat un o capr\u0103 Yule, din paie, de m\u0103rimea unei case, g\u00e2ndindu-se c\u0103 ar fi o bun\u0103 atrac\u021bie turistic\u0103. Dar, cet\u0103\u021benii au ars capra de paie.<\/p>\n

De atunci, oamenii din Gavle ridic\u0103, \u00een fiecare sezon de Cr\u0103ciun, c\u00e2te o capr\u0103 din paie, pentru a o arde \u0219i distruge. A devenit astfel o tradi\u021bie. \u00centr-un an capra a fost dat dobor\u00e2t\u0103 cu s\u0103ge\u021bi cu fl\u0103c\u0103ri. \u00centr-un alt an, cineva s-a izbit cu o ma\u015fin\u0103 Volvo \u00een capr\u0103, la viteza maxim\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>4) Krampus.<\/strong> Krampus, anti-Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciunul nordic, a intrat cultura de mas\u0103 occidental\u0103 odat\u0103 cu filmul cu acela\u015fi nume lansat anul acesta, \u00een anul 2015. Dar, odat\u0103 ce copiii vor afla despre Krampus, ei vor avea parte de co\u0219maruri, \u015fi asta pentru c\u0103 Krampus este diavolul de Cr\u0103ciun.<\/p>\n

Aspectul s\u0103u este similar cu cel al unui vampir, cu coarne de capr\u0103, din\u021bi ascu\u021bi\u0163i \u0219i blan\u0103 neagr\u0103.<\/p>\n

Krampus este pesonificarea \u00eentunericului. Dac\u0103 Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciun \u00eei recompenseaz\u0103 pe copiii buni, Krampus \u00eei pedepse\u015fte pe copiii r\u0103i, biciuindu-i cu be\u021be.<\/p>\n

Copiii obraznici trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 grij\u0103: dac\u0103 ei vor auzi un lan\u021b cu clopote, atunci s\u0103 \u015ftie c\u0103 Krampus va veni s\u0103-i atrag\u0103 \u00een lumea subteran\u0103, unde se va confrunta cu pedepsele acordate de mama sa, Hel, regina nordic\u0103 a mor\u021bilor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>5) Fl\u0103c\u0103ii Yule.<\/strong> \u00cen Islanda, datoriile lui Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciun sunt \u00eendeplinite de b\u0103ie\u021bii Yule, 13 fra\u021bi care las\u0103 cadourile \u00een \u00eenc\u0103l\u021b\u0103mintea copiilor. Cu toate acestea, fl\u0103c\u0103ii Yule nu au fost \u00eentotdeauna extrem de prieteno\u015fi. Legenda spune c\u0103 ei s-au n\u0103scut de infractori, teroriz\u00e2nd oamenii \u00een casele lor, prin furtul alimentelor \u0219i provocarea de scandaluri.<\/p>\n

Fiecare dintre b\u0103ie\u021bi Yule au nume ce descriu, de asemenea, func\u021biile lor, cum ar fi Cer\u0219\u0103torul de lum\u00e2n\u0103ri, R\u0103z\u0103torul de oale, Tr\u00e2ntitorul de u\u015fi, Smiorc\u0103itorul de u\u015fi, Ling\u0103torul de linguri, Ling\u0103torul de castroane, Ho\u0163ul de ferestre, B\u0103t\u0103u\u015ful de c\u00e2rna\u0163i, \u00cenfulec\u0103torul din cer \u015fi Apuc\u0103torul de carne. Apoi mai este Prostovanul ne\u00eendem\u0103natic, care fur\u0103 laptele de vac\u0103, \u015fi Idiotul oilor din grajd. Cel de-al 13-lea b\u0103iat Yule este Butuc\u0103nosul.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1746, autorit\u0103\u021bile islandeze au dat o hot\u0103r\u00e2re public\u0103 pentru a opri p\u0103rin\u0163ii \u00een a mai utilizarea mon\u0219tri pentru a-\u015fi \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2nta copiii lor. Acesta a fost \u00eenceputul transform\u0103rii Fl\u0103c\u0103ilor Yule \u00een personaje pozitive, absorbind tr\u0103s\u0103turile lui Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciun.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>6) Gryla.<\/strong> Este un monstru teribil, care a supravie\u0163uit legii din 1746 date de autorit\u0103\u0163ile islandeze \u015fi de care am vorbit mai sus. Gryla a fost mama Fl\u0103c\u0103ilor Yule, fiind c\u0103s\u0103torit\u0103 de mai multe ori; pe primul ei so\u0163, Gryla l-a m\u00e2ncat.<\/p>\n

\u00cen tradi\u0163ia popular\u0103 islandez\u0103, Gryla este extrem de ur\u00e2t\u0103. Ea are trei capete, cu trei ochi \u00een fiecare cap, cu unghii curbate si urechi lungi, care se curbeaz\u0103 \u00een sus. Gryla venea \u00een ora\u015fe, \u00eenaintea Fl\u0103c\u0103ilor sale Yule, vizit\u00e2nd fiecare cas\u0103 \u015fi vorbind cu p\u0103rin\u0163ii despre copiii lor – dac\u0103 au fost cumin\u0163i sau obraznici.<\/p>\n

Se spune c\u0103 Gryla avea 15 cozi, fiecare coad\u0103 av\u00e2nd legat\u0103 100 saci legat la cap\u0103tul ei. Ea umplea ace\u015fti saci cu copiii obraznici \u0219i \u00eei ducea \u00een vizuina ei, unde \u00eei g\u0103tea \u00eentr-o m\u00e2ncare de tocan\u0103 \u0219i-i m\u00e2nca.<\/p>\n

Feri\u0163i-v\u0103 de Gryla!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>7) Pisica Yule<\/strong>. Gryla nu a fost singura amenin\u021bare monstruoas\u0103 pentru islandezi, de care trebuiau s\u0103-\u015fi fac\u0103 griji \u00een timpul sezonului de Cr\u0103ciun. Animalul ei de companie, pisica Yule, a fost la fel de malefic\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cen folclorul islandez, pisica Yule este o felin\u0103 monstruoas\u0103 care se ascunde \u00een dealurile \u00eenz\u0103pezite. \u00cen timpul sezonului de Cr\u0103ciun, ea se duce \u00een casele calde, c\u0103ut\u00e2nd copiii lene\u0219i. Pisica Yule crede c\u0103 dac\u0103 copiii au fost harnici \u00een treburile lor, atunci p\u0103rin\u021bii le-ar recompensa cu haine noi. Deci, pisica ucide \u0219i m\u0103n\u00e2nc\u0103 orice copil care poart\u0103 haine vechi. A\u015fadar, pisica Yule nu face nicio distinc\u021bie \u00eentre cei care au fost lene\u0219i \u0219i cei care au fost prea s\u0103raci pentru a ob\u021bine cadouri.<\/p>\n

De aceea, este extrem de important pentru islandezi s\u0103 se \u00eembrace din cap p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een picioare \u00een haine noi, \u00eenainte de Cr\u0103ciun.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>8 ) Hans Trapp.<\/strong> Hans Trapp este un alt personaj malefic ce apare de Cr\u0103ciun, baz\u00e2ndu-se pe o poveste real\u0103 din secolul 15-lea, a cavalerului german Hans von Trotha.<\/p>\n

Conform legendei lui Hans Trapp, acesta a fost un om lacom, violent, care a f\u0103cut un pact cu diavolul pentru a ob\u021bine avere. Biserica a aflat despre afacerea blasfemic\u0103 a lui Hans \u0219i l-a excomunicat, sechestr\u00e2ndu-i terenurile \u0219i profiturile. Alungat de societate, Hans \u015fi-a g\u0103sit refugiu \u00een p\u0103dure, unde s-a dedat din nou ritualurilor malefice. Izolarea l-a f\u0103cut nebun, \u0219i el a \u00eenceput s\u0103 caute trupuri de oameni. C\u00e2nd Hans nu s-a mai putut ab\u0163ine, el s-a deghizat ca o sperietoare de ciori \u0219i a a\u0219teptat pe un drum din apropiere. C\u00e2nd a trecut un b\u0103iat pe acolo, Hans a \u00eenjunghiat b\u0103iatul, l-a omor\u00e2t \u015fi apoi i-a t\u00e2r\u00e2t cadavrul \u00een cabina lui din p\u0103dure. Hans a fript carnea b\u0103iatului. C\u00e2nd voia s\u0103 guste din ea, Hans a fost lovit de un fulger de la Dumnezeu \u0219i a murit.<\/p>\n

Legendele lui Hans Trapp au ap\u0103rut cam \u00een acela\u0219i timp ca \u0219i legendele Sf\u00e2ntului Nicolae. Cele dou\u0103 mitologii s-au amestecat, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t Hans a devenit unul dintre ajutoarele lui Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciun. Hans \u00eei pedepsie\u015fte pe copiii obraznici sub forma unei sperietoare.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cr\u0103ciunul este o s\u0103rb\u0103toare foarte frumoas\u0103, de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului, o perioad\u0103 \u00een care toat\u0103 lumea \u00eemparte cadouri celor dragi. Iar personajul principal al acestei s\u0103rb\u0103tori este, bine\u00een\u0163eles, Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciun. Acesta apare ca un om b\u0103tr\u00e2n prietenos care \u00eemparte cadouri … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":88859,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2658],"tags":[139,916,253,3836,13000,1398,2127,1448,1075,10011,1596,1073,702,697,1542,323,260,949,1171,13001,2276,13002,2522,13003,3765,1296,17,2733,13004,166,2398,4811,1292,3645,9810,2737,48,12999,13005,1123,3211,13006,2983,3910,726,283,2236,3152,13007,3530],"class_list":["post-59426","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recordurile-lui-lovendal","tag-australia","tag-barba","tag-biserica","tag-blana","tag-cadouri","tag-cap","tag-capra","tag-cavaler","tag-ceaikovski","tag-ciori","tag-clopot","tag-copii","tag-craciun","tag-diavol","tag-dinti","tag-dumnezeu","tag-film","tag-foc","tag-fulger","tag-gryla","tag-haine","tag-hans-trapp","tag-islanda","tag-krampus","tag-lant","tag-lapte","tag-monstru","tag-mos-craciun","tag-mos-gerila","tag-ochi","tag-padure","tag-paie","tag-pisica","tag-pitic","tag-recordurile-lui-lovendal","tag-reni","tag-rusia","tag-sanie","tag-sfantul-nicolae","tag-suedia","tag-thor","tag-traditii-si-superstitii","tag-unghii","tag-unt","tag-urechi","tag-vaca","tag-vampir","tag-volvo","tag-yule","tag-zapada","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\n8 fiin\u0163e benefice sau malefice care v\u0103 pot vizita de Cr\u0103ciun, conform legendelor! - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/opt-fiinte-benefice-sau-malefice-care-va-pot-vizita-de-craciun\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"8 fiin\u0163e benefice sau malefice care v\u0103 pot vizita de Cr\u0103ciun, conform legendelor!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cr\u0103ciunul este o s\u0103rb\u0103toare foarte frumoas\u0103, de la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului, o perioad\u0103 \u00een care toat\u0103 lumea \u00eemparte cadouri celor dragi. Iar personajul principal al acestei s\u0103rb\u0103tori este, bine\u00een\u0163eles, Mo\u015f Cr\u0103ciun. Acesta apare ca un om b\u0103tr\u00e2n prietenos care \u00eemparte cadouri ... 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