{"id":59401,"date":"2013-01-20T22:25:31","date_gmt":"2013-01-20T20:25:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=59401"},"modified":"2019-01-20T22:28:18","modified_gmt":"2019-01-20T20:28:18","slug":"cele-mai-vechi-si-mai-fascinante-6-calendare-din-lume-inclusiv-calendarul-dacic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/cele-mai-vechi-si-mai-fascinante-6-calendare-din-lume-inclusiv-calendarul-dacic\/","title":{"rendered":"Cele mai vechi \u015fi mai fascinante 6 calendare din lume (inclusiv calendarul dacic!)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendar-vechi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1779\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendar-vechi.jpg\" alt=\"calendar vechi\" width=\"305\" height=\"286\" \/><\/a>Rasa uman\u0103 a parcurs un drum lung, de la vie\u0163uirea \u00een pe\u0219teri \u015fi p\u00e2n\u0103 la explorarea (cu ajutorul unor tehnologii avansate) a altor planete din sistemul nostru solar. Toate acest lucruri au devenit posibile datorit\u0103 curiozit\u0103\u021bii unora \u00een determinarea mi\u0219c\u0103rii corpurilor astrale pe cer. Ei au observat mi\u0219c\u0103rile diverselor planete \u00een spa\u021biu, \u00een fiecare zi \u015fi noapte, \u015fi au determinat viteza \u0219i loca\u021bia lor pe cer. Peste o perioad\u0103 de timp, aceste persoane s-au adunat, au format o &#8222;asocia\u021bie&#8221; \u0219i au \u00eenceput s\u0103 publice rezultatele lor, pentru ca acestea s\u0103 fie cunoscute \u015fi de al\u0163ii.<\/p>\n<p>De aici provine povestea apari\u0163iei calendarelor; ele au existat \u00een lume \u00een diferite epoci \u015fi \u00een diferite civiliza\u0163ii. Acesta este \u015fi scopul articolului de fa\u0163\u0103, acela de a prezenta c\u00e2teva din aceste minunate calendare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1) Calendarul maya\u015f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendarul-mayas-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1773\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendarul-mayas-2.jpg\" alt=\"calendarul mayas 2\" width=\"540\" height=\"525\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Calendarul civiliza\u0163iei maya este unul remarcabil de precis \u0219i de complex. El este un aranjament de calendare utilizate \u00een perioada pre-columbian\u0103 \u00een America Central\u0103, \u00een multe comunit\u0103\u021bi din Guatemala \u0219i Mexic. Al\u0103turi de calendarul aztecilor, calendarul maya\u015f este unul dintre cele mai complet \u00een\u021belese calendare ale lumii.<\/p>\n<p>El a devenit celebru odat\u0103 cu posibila sa leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu &#8222;sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lumii&#8221;, eveniment care ar fi trebuit s\u0103 aib\u0103 loc pe 21 decembrie 2012. \u015ei totu\u015fi, contrar credin\u0163ei populare, calendarul maya\u015f nu a prezis &#8222;sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lumii&#8221; \u00een 2012.<\/p>\n<p>Calendarul maya\u015f utilizeaz\u0103 trei sisteme paralele diferite de datare. Acestea sunt: datarea pe termen lung, Tzolkin (calendarul divin) \u015fi Haab (calendar civil). Dintre acestea, doar Haab are o rela\u021bie direct\u0103 cu lungimea anului.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2) Calendarul aztec.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendarul-aztec-2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1774\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendarul-aztec-2.jpg\" alt=\"calendarul aztec 2\" width=\"541\" height=\"492\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Calendarul aztec este o modificare a calendarului maya\u015f. Acesta const\u0103 dintr-un calendar agricol de 365 zile, precum \u0219i dintr-un calendar sacru de 260 de zile. Acesta este expus \u00een prezent la Muzeul Na\u0163ional de Antropologie din Mexico City, Mexic. Ceea ce este fascinant cu privire la acest calendar este faptul c\u0103 \u00een fiecare an g\u0103sim o perioad\u0103 de c\u00e2teva zile, necalculat\u0103, situat\u0103 \u00een afara calendarului, pentru a s\u0103rb\u0103tori \u00een mod liber. Exist\u0103 un total de cinci zile nedatate, la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul fiec\u0103rui an solar, care ar trebui s\u0103 fie o faz\u0103 de tranzi\u021bie \u0219i de preg\u0103tire pentru anul viitor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) Calendarul egiptean.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendarul-egiptean.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1775\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendarul-egiptean.jpg\" alt=\"calendarul egiptean\" width=\"539\" height=\"525\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Istoria astronomiei egiptene dateaz\u0103 din mileniul al 5-lea \u00ee.Hr. Calendarul lor reprezint\u0103 unul dintre cele mai vechi din lume, \u0219i debuteaz\u0103 cu cercurile de piatr\u0103 descoperite la Nabta Playa. Vechiul calendar egiptean civil avea un an, adic\u0103 365 zile, acestea fiind \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite la 12 luni, c\u00e2te 30 de zile pentru fiecare lun\u0103. Egiptenii aveau \u015fi ei c\u00e2te 5 zile suplimentare la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul fiec\u0103rui an. Lunile erau \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een trei s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni a c\u00e2te 10 zile fiecare.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4) Astrolabul Canterbury.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/astrolabul-Canterbury.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1776\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/astrolabul-Canterbury.jpg\" alt=\"astrolabul Canterbury\" width=\"538\" height=\"387\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Acesta este un astrolab medieval, care dateaz\u0103 din 1388. El a fost g\u0103sit \u00eentr-o serie de s\u0103p\u0103turi arheologice efectuate \u00een Canterbury (Anglia) \u00een 2005. Acesta este primul astrolab care a fost descoperit \u00een timpul unei s\u0103p\u0103turi arheologice. Astrolabul este un instrument care, cu ajutorul pozi\u021biei Soarelui \u0219i a stelelor, permite utilizatorilor \u00een a determina timpul \u0219i a determina latitudinea geografic\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5) Vechiul calendar indian.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendarul-hindus.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1777\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendarul-hindus.jpg\" alt=\"calendarul hindus\" width=\"539\" height=\"451\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Este cunoscut \u00een mod tradi\u021bional ca &#8222;panchanga&#8221;. El se bazeaz\u0103 pe ciclul lunar; cum o zi se m\u0103soar\u0103 ca timpul dintre un r\u0103s\u0103rit \u0219i altul, \u00een mod similar, o lun\u0103 este perioada de la un ciclu la altul de Lun\u0103. O lun\u0103 lunar\u0103 dureaz\u0103 28 de zile; un an se m\u0103soar\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul unui sezon p\u00e2n\u0103 la revenirea sa. Un an lunar este de 12 luni sau de 254 de zile solare. O lun\u0103 suplimentar\u0103, cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de &#8222;adhika&#8221;, se adaug\u0103 la calendar, la un interval de cinci ani, \u00eentruc\u00e2t un an lunar este mai scurt dec\u00e2t un an solar. Fiecare lun\u0103 este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 cicluri ale Lunii (lun\u0103 nou\u0103 la lun\u0103 plin\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenapoi). Exist\u0103 patru anotimpuri \u00eentr-un an \u0219i un sezon care este cunoscut sub numele de &#8222;rtu&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6) Calendarul dacic.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendarul-dacic.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1778\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/calendarul-dacic.jpg\" alt=\"calendarul dacic\" width=\"538\" height=\"485\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Un articol despre vechile calendare fascinante ale lumii ar fi fost incomplet f\u0103r\u0103 a prezenta \u015fi calendarul dacic, calendarul str\u0103mo\u015filor no\u015ftri. NASA folose\u015fte ca reper pentru calcule calendarul maya\u015f, cunoscut pentru exactitatea sa, dar ignor\u0103 un calendar \u015fi mai precis: calendarul dacic! Calendarul dacic este, \u00een realitate, mult mai exact dec\u00e2t cel maya\u015f \u015fi incredibil de apropiat de cel actual: 365,242197 zile ! Adic\u0103 o eroare de 12 secunde (1234\/100) pe zi!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rasa uman\u0103 a parcurs un drum lung, de la vie\u0163uirea \u00een pe\u0219teri \u015fi p\u00e2n\u0103 la explorarea (cu ajutorul unor tehnologii avansate) a altor planete din sistemul nostru solar. Toate acest lucruri au devenit posibile datorit\u0103 curiozit\u0103\u021bii unora \u00een determinarea mi\u0219c\u0103rii &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Cele mai vechi \u015fi mai fascinante 6 calendare din lume (inclusiv calendarul dacic!)\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/cele-mai-vechi-si-mai-fascinante-6-calendare-din-lume-inclusiv-calendarul-dacic\/#more-59401\" aria-label=\"Cite\u0219te mai multe despre Cele mai vechi \u015fi mai fascinante 6 calendare din lume (inclusiv calendarul dacic!)\">Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":59402,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2658],"tags":[1017,5583,12984,120,55,4109,342,12985,12986,12987,12988,2864,2419,149,206,150,732,9810,1124,865,3175,4058],"class_list":["post-59401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recordurile-lui-lovendal","tag-1017","tag-america-centrala","tag-an","tag-anglia","tag-arheologie","tag-astrolab","tag-calendar","tag-calendar-aztec","tag-calendar-dacic","tag-calendar-egiptean","tag-calendar-indian","tag-calendar-mayas","tag-guatemala","tag-luna","tag-mexic","tag-nasa","tag-planeta","tag-recordurile-lui-lovendal","tag-sfarsitul-lumii","tag-soare","tag-stele","tag-zi","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cele mai vechi \u015fi mai fascinante 6 calendare din lume (inclusiv calendarul dacic!) - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/cele-mai-vechi-si-mai-fascinante-6-calendare-din-lume-inclusiv-calendarul-dacic\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cele mai vechi \u015fi mai fascinante 6 calendare din lume (inclusiv calendarul dacic!)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rasa uman\u0103 a parcurs un drum lung, de la vie\u0163uirea \u00een pe\u0219teri \u015fi p\u00e2n\u0103 la explorarea (cu ajutorul unor tehnologii avansate) a altor planete din sistemul nostru solar. 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