{"id":5860,"date":"2009-06-23T11:41:53","date_gmt":"2009-06-23T08:41:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=5860"},"modified":"2009-06-24T16:43:19","modified_gmt":"2009-06-24T13:43:19","slug":"enigmatica-tara-a-papagalilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/enigmatica-tara-a-papagalilor\/","title":{"rendered":"Enigmatica „\u0162ar\u0103 a papagalilor”"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"insula<\/a>Cum a ap\u0103rut „\u0162ara papagalilor”<\/strong><\/p>\n

La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul secolului al XVI-lea apare celebrul atlas Theatrum orbis terrarum<\/strong> al lui Abraham Oertel (Ortelius) din Anvers \u2014 discipol al lui Mercator, aflat \u00een slujba regelui Spaniei \u2014 \u00een care, mai jos de \u0162ara de Foc, figura o Terra australis incognita<\/em>, prelungit\u0103 \u00een sudul Africii prin Regio Psitlacorum<\/em> – \u201e\u0162ara Papagalilor”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Un autor mai nou (Comandant Ausseur: Le mystere de la Terre des Perroquets<\/em>, \u00een Miroir de l’Histoire<\/em>, Paris, 1962) presupune c\u0103 \u00een respectiva hart\u0103 a lui Ortelius este men\u0163ionat\u0103 insula cu papagali a lui de Gonneville, ceea ce nu este imposibil, dar pu\u0163in probabil: mai \u00eent\u00eei, fiindc\u0103 harta era opera unui cartograf de la curtea Spaniei; apoi, fiindc\u0103 un portughez, Pedro Alvarez Cabral, ajunsese \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een 1500 la extremitatea r\u0103s\u0103ritean\u0103 a Braziliei, pe care o luase drept o insul\u0103 (numind-o Vera Cruz) \u015fi de unde trimisese regelui \u00een dar c\u00e2\u0163iva papagali – drept care, dup\u0103 ce numele noii \u201einsule” a fost schimbat din Vera Cruz \u00een… Santa Cruz, a fost din nou schimbat \u00een Tierra de los Papagayos<\/em>.<\/p>\n

De altfel, \u00een a treia sa c\u0103l\u0103torie (1501-1502 – a\u015fadar scurt timp \u00eenainte de de Gonneville), Amerigo Vespucci a fost \u015fi el \u00een \u0162ara Papagalilor, pe care o descrie \u00een culori paradisiace: clim\u0103 dulce, copacii \u00eenal\u0163i cu fiori \u00eenmiresmate, mirodenii \u015fi multe p\u0103s\u0103ri multicolore. Descrierea f\u0103cut\u0103 b\u0103\u015ftina\u015filor nu se potrive\u015fte, \u00eens\u0103, cu cea f\u0103cut\u0103 de Gonneville: \u00een Scrisorile<\/em> sale Vespucci relateaz\u0103 c\u0103 \u201e…nu au nici regi, nici temple, nici idoli, n-au nici nego\u0163 \u015fi nici bani ; se du\u015fm\u0103nesc unii pe al\u0163ii \u015fi se bat cu cea mai mare s\u0103lb\u0103ticie \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 nici o socoteal\u0103. De asemenea, se hr\u0103nesc cu carne de om”.<\/em> Toate acestea ne duc la presupunerea c\u0103 \u0162ara Papagalilor din harta lui Ortelius este cea vizitat\u0103 \u00een 1500 de Cabral \u015fi \u00een 1502 de Vespucci.<\/p>\n

Apare str\u0103nepotul regelui din…\u0162ara Papagalilor<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"papagali1\"<\/a>\u00cen ceea ce prive\u015fte misterioasa insul\u0103 descoperit\u0103 de de Gonneville \u00een 1503, de ea se va vorbi iar un veac \u015fi jum\u0103tate dup\u0103 naufragiul navei Vespoiry, c\u00e2nd un anume Paulmier de Courtonne, canonic al catedralei din Lisieux (\u00een Calvados), redacta un Memoire touchant l’etablissement d’une mission-chretienne dans le Troisieme Monde, autrement appele Terre Australe-Meridionale, Antarctique et Inconnue<\/em> \u2014 memoriu dedicat papei Alexandru VII \u015fi sprijinit de misionarul Vincent de Paul. Cine era de fapt Paulmier? Nici mai mult, nici mai pu\u0163in dec\u00e2t un str\u0103nepot al lui… Essomeric, fiul regelui din \u0162ara Papagalilor.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 naufragiu, neput\u00e2ndu-l trimite \u00eenapoi \u00een \u0163ara lui, a\u015fa cum f\u0103g\u0103duise, de Gonneville \u00eel trimisese pe Essomeric la \u015fcoala unei m\u0103n\u0103stiri, apoi \u00eel c\u0103s\u0103torise cu nepoata \u015fi mo\u015ftenitoarea sa, Suzanne Paulmier ; fiul lor se dedicase preo\u0163iei, ca \u015fi nepotul, canonicul din Lisieux, care acuma revendica pentru str\u0103bunicul de Gonneville onoarea de a fi descoperit \u201elumea austral\u0103” \u015fi cerea cre\u015ftinarea supu\u015filor celuilalt str\u0103bunic al s\u0103u, regele Arosca al \u0162\u0103rii Papagalilor. Iar toate acestea le f\u0103cea \u00eentr-un memoriu \u201ede mare fantezie, \u00een care aducea mai mult\u0103 incompeten\u0163\u0103 dec\u00e2t rea-credin\u0163\u0103”.<\/p>\n

\u0162ara Papagalilor…situat\u0103 aproape de \u0163ara pinguinilor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Editorul Cramoisy se gr\u0103bi s\u0103 tip\u0103reasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 difuzeze memoriul, \u00een care abatele Paulmier situa \u0162ara Papagalilor \u00eentre 70\u00b0 \u015fi 75\u00b0 longitudine estic\u0103 \u015fi circa 68\u00b0 latitudine sudic\u0103 \u2014 prin urmare nu departe de actualul continent antarctic. Ciudat este c\u0103 nimeni nu p\u0103rea s\u0103-\u015fi pun\u0103 \u00eentrebarea cum se face c\u0103 papagalii, p\u0103s\u0103ri iubitoare de c\u0103ldur\u0103, au reu\u015fit s\u0103 supravie\u0163uiasc\u0103 la asemenea latitudine, mult mai potrivit\u0103 pinguinilor. Ba se pare c\u0103 \u00eensu\u015fi Ludovic XIV, sesizat de ministrul s\u0103u Colbert, \u00eencepuse s\u0103 arate oarecare interes fa\u0163\u0103 de locuitorii \u0162\u0103rii lui de Gonneville.<\/p>\n

Francezii caut\u0103 cu ardoare \u0162ara Papagalilor<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Harta<\/a>
Harta lui Ortelius<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Aceast\u0103 Terre de Gonneville a fost apoi c\u0103utat\u0103 vreme de dou\u0103 veacuri : Maurepas, ministrul marinei sub Ludovic XV, d\u0103du dispozi\u0163ia ca raportul original al c\u0103l\u0103toriei navei \u201eL’Espoir” s\u0103 fie c\u0103utat \u00een arhivele amiralit\u0103\u0163ii din Normandia \u2014 dar raportul disp\u0103ruse. Mai t\u00eerziu (\u00een 1739), Compania francez\u0103 a Indiilor R\u0103s\u0103ritene \u00eel trimise pe cel mai bun c\u0103pitan al ei \u00een c\u0103utarea insulei, pe Bouvet de Lozier, care descoperi doar o mic\u0103 insul\u0103 vulcanic\u0103 nelocuit\u0103 (care \u00eei poart\u0103 \u015fi ast\u0103zi numele). Apoi, r\u00e2nd pe r\u00e2nd, \u0162ara Papagalilor fu c\u0103utat\u0103 de aproape to\u0163i marii navigatori francezi – Bougainville, Surville, Kerguelen, Marion Dufresne. \u00cen 1770, Kerguelen descoperi \u00een sud un arhipelag unde mi\u015funau focile, dar nici urm\u0103 de papagali; iar doi ani mai t\u00e2rziu Marion g\u0103si, la sud de Madagascar, c\u00eeteva insuli\u0163e inabordabile pe care – \u201e…ca s\u0103 nu se \u00eenapoieze cu m\u00e2inile goale”<\/em>, ne spune Ausseur – le botez\u0103 Insula Pa\u015ftelui, Insula Rece, Insula Pustie \u015fi Insula Posesiunii.<\/p>\n

\u0162ara Papagalilor = Madagascar?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0162ara Papagalilor a continuat s\u0103 preocupe pe navigatori p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u0103tre mijlocul veacului al 19-lea, d\u00e2nd loc la ipoteze care de care mai n\u0103stru\u015fnice. Un scriitor avizat ca Leon Guerin nota, \u00een 1874 : \u201eAm\u0103nuntele date de canonicul din Lisieux ne duc la presupunerea c\u0103 e vorba pur \u015fi simplu de marea insul\u0103 Madagascar”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Raportul original al navei L’Espoir deslu\u015fe\u015fte misterul \u0162\u0103rii papagalilor<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen acela\u015fi an, 1847, se produse marea surpriz\u0103: Pierre Margry, conservator al Arhivelor Marinei, descoperi printr-o \u00eent\u00e2mplare o copie autentificat\u0103 a raportului asupra c\u0103l\u0103toriei navei \u201eL’Espoir” – \u015fi lucrurile se l\u0103murir\u0103, \u0162ara Papagalilor dovedindu-se a fi mult mai pu\u0163in austral\u0103 dec\u00e2t crezuser\u0103 cei mai mul\u0163i.<\/p>\n

\u201eL’Espoir” plecase, a\u015fadar, \u00een vara lui 1503 din Honfleur, f\u0103cuse escale la Lisabona, \u00een Canare \u015fi Insulele Capului Verde, fusese surprins\u0103 de o furtun\u0103, apoi nimerise \u00een regiunile calme ale Tropicului Capricornului, p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd, ghid\u00e2ndu-se dup\u0103 zborul unor p\u0103s\u0103ri, nimerise \u00eentr-un estuar populat \u00eentr-adev\u0103r de mul\u0163ime de papagali; c\u0103pitanul ei reu\u015fise s\u0103 stabileasc\u0103 destul de exact pozi\u0163ia, care corespunde cu v\u0103rsarea \u00een mare a actualului San Francisco del Sul, pe coasta Braziliei. Marinarii francezi r\u0103maser\u0103 aici \u015fase luni, oaspe\u0163i ai amerindienilor carijos, dup\u0103 care ridicar\u0103 ancora \u015fi pornir\u0103 spre patrie av\u00e2nd la bord cincizeci chintale de diferite m\u0103rfuri, precum \u015fi pe t\u00e2n\u0103rul Essomeric.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 o c\u0103l\u0103torie aventuroas\u0103, micul vas, urm\u0103rit de o nav\u0103 piratereasc\u0103 englez\u0103, apoi de una breton\u0103, e\u015fua pe coasta Cotentin, sf\u0103r\u00e2m\u00e2ndu-se de st\u00e2nci, cu care prilej \u00ee\u015fi pierdur\u0103 via\u0163a cincisprezece oameni \u015fi \u00eentreaga \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 fu pierdut\u0103.<\/p>\n

De unde dou\u0103 concluzii: de Gonneville n-a fost un descoperitor de p\u0103m\u00e2nturi necunoscute, ci un navigator oarecare, iar \u0162ara Papagalilor (dup\u0103 ce vreme de 350 de ani a figurat pe diverse h\u0103r\u0163i, \u015fi a fost c\u0103utat\u0103 de navigatori vesti\u0163i) nu exist\u0103… Ca s\u0103 fim drep\u0163i, trebuie \u00eens\u0103 s\u0103 amintim c\u0103 de Gonneville a fost un impostor f\u0103r\u0103 voie – victima imagina\u0163iei prodigioase a unui str\u0103nepot de-al s\u0103u (\u015fi de-al regelui Arosca al indienilor carijos) – iar Terra Psittacorum, dac\u0103 n-a avut meritul de a fi existat, i-a avut pe cel de a fi stimulat unele c\u0103l\u0103torii care au dus la descoperirea mai multor insule sudice reale, constituind tot at\u00e2\u0163ia pa\u015fi pe drumul c\u0103tre Antarctica, ultima pat\u0103 alb\u0103 de pe Terra.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cum a ap\u0103rut „\u0162ara papagalilor” La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul secolului al XVI-lea apare celebrul atlas Theatrum orbis terrarum al lui Abraham Oertel (Ortelius) din Anvers \u2014 discipol al lui Mercator, aflat \u00een slujba regelui Spaniei \u2014 \u00een care, mai jos de \u0162ara … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5861,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[1728,1730,720,1537,9800,1729,1727,1726],"class_list":["post-5860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natura-animale","tag-amerigo-vespucci","tag-antarctica","tag-harta","tag-madagascar","tag-natura-animale","tag-ortelius","tag-papagali","tag-tara-papagalilor","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nEnigmatica "\u0162ar\u0103 a papagalilor" - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/enigmatica-tara-a-papagalilor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enigmatica "\u0162ar\u0103 a papagalilor"\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cum a ap\u0103rut „\u0162ara papagalilor” La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul secolului al XVI-lea apare celebrul atlas Theatrum orbis terrarum al lui Abraham Oertel (Ortelius) din Anvers \u2014 discipol al lui Mercator, aflat \u00een slujba regelui Spaniei \u2014 \u00een care, mai jos de \u0162ara ... 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