{"id":5738,"date":"2009-06-18T07:46:50","date_gmt":"2009-06-18T04:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=5738"},"modified":"2009-06-18T20:22:11","modified_gmt":"2009-06-18T17:22:11","slug":"marele-domnitor-constantin-brancoveanu-si-a-ucis-unchiul-serban-cantacuzino-voda-pentru-a-i-lua-tronul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/marele-domnitor-constantin-brancoveanu-si-a-ucis-unchiul-serban-cantacuzino-voda-pentru-a-i-lua-tronul\/","title":{"rendered":"Marele domnitor Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu \u015fi-a ucis unchiul, \u015eerban Cantacuzino Vod\u0103, pentru a-i lua tronul?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Brancoveanu2\"<\/a>Cine a fost \u015eerban Cantacuzino?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Domn al Munteniei (1673-1688), \u015eerban Vod\u0103 Cantacuzino s-a remarcat, \u00eenc\u0103 din timpul vie\u0163ii, ca o personalitate de prim rang pe t\u0103r\u00e2m politic \u015fi cultural, pun\u00e2ndu-\u015fi amprenta asupra \u00eentregului veac al XVII-lea. Cu toate acestea, el a fost unul dintre cei mai controversa\u0163i domnitori din istoria \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti. Domn autoritar, ce putea fi asemuit cu oricare alt monarh absolut european din acea vreme, el s-a dovedit a fi un om politic \u015fi diplomat iscusit, \u00een compara\u0163ie cu al\u0163i domni ce au ocupat scaunul \u0163\u0103rii. Prin politica sa, Serban Cantacuzino c\u0103uta s\u0103 se \u00eendep\u0103rteze de tutela otomanilor \u015fi s\u0103 se apropie de Imperiul austriac, politic\u0103 ce a avut un larg ecou \u00een acele vremi.<\/p>\n

Dat\u0103 fiind pozi\u0163ia geografic\u0103 a \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, aflat\u0103 la \u00eentret\u0103ierea a trei mari puteri (Turcia, Rusia \u015fi Austria), ne putem lesne imagina c\u0103 un calcul politic gre\u015fit putea avea consecin\u0163e dezastruoase pentru independen\u0163a \u015fi integritatea teritoriului \u0163\u0103rii. Orice tactic\u0103 ar fi adoptat domnitorul, era firesc ca boierii s\u0103 se \u00eempart\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 mari tabere: adep\u0163i \u015fi adversari. Boierii ostili domnului \u00ee\u015fi manifestau opozi\u0163ia mai ales datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 acesta, conform obiceiului feudal al vremii, acorda privilegii numai acelora care \u00eei erau favorabili, persecut\u00e2ndu-i pe opozan\u0163i. Atitudinea domnului a \u00eempins la maximum nemul\u0163umirea unor boieri, care, nu \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor, \u00eei erau rude apropiate. Tensiunea intern\u0103 provocat\u0103 de nemul\u0163umirea unui mare num\u0103r de boieri, grefat\u0103 pe o conjunctur\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103 ce putea deveni defavorabil\u0103 independen\u0163ei \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, f\u0103cea posibil\u0103 ipoteza suprim\u0103rii, prin violen\u0163\u0103, a domnului. Relat\u0103rile contemporane evenimentelor pledeaz\u0103 \u00een favoarea acestei ipoteze.<\/p>\n

„Zelul cre\u015ftin” al voievodului, vinovat de moartea sa?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Serban<\/a>
Serban Cantacuzino Vod\u0103, domnitorul Tarii Romanesti<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mersul evenimentelor interna\u0163ionale avea s\u0103 influen\u0163eze \u015fi s\u0103-\u015fi pun\u0103 amprenta asupra ne\u00een\u0163elegerilor din s\u00e2nul familiei Cantacuzinilor. \u00cen luna octombrie 1688, \u00een dorin\u0163a de a pre\u00eent\u00e2mpina ocuparea \u0163\u0103rii de c\u0103tre otomani, sau austrieci, ce se aflau \u00een conflict deschis, \u015eerban Cantacuzino a trimis o solie la Viena, cu scopul de a purta tratative cu \u00eemp\u0103ratul Leopold. Solia era alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din Iordache Cantacuzino (unul din fra\u0163ii s\u0103i) \u015fi marele comis, \u015eerban. Pentru a \u00een\u015fela vigilen\u0163a otomanilor \u015fi a asigura succesul soliei, \u015eerban Vod\u0103 a scris Por\u0163ii c\u0103 i-a trimis pe cei doi \u201eca s\u0103 \u00eendemneze<\/em> – cum men\u0163iona cronicarul Radu Popescu – \u015fi s\u0103 roage ca s\u0103 fac\u0103 pace \u00eentre \u00eemp\u0103ra\u0163i”.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00cen absen\u0163a oamenilor de \u00eencredere ai voievodului, pleca\u0163i la Viena, \u015fi deci \u00een imposibilitatea de a-i contracara imediat, stolnicul \u015fi Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu (nepotul de pe sor\u0103 al domnitorului \u015eerban) au \u00eencercat din nou s\u0103-l determine pe domn s\u0103 nu for\u0163eze desf\u0103\u015furarea evenimentelor, \u201eca nu cumva, din pricina lui, s\u0103 dea prad\u0103 necredincio\u015filor din \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103”<\/em>, ci s\u0103 a\u015ftepte rezultatul at\u00e2t al ostilit\u0103\u0163ilor ruso-turce (din Crimeea), c\u00e2t \u015fi al celor austro-turce, pentru a se pronun\u0163a abia dup\u0103 aceea. \u015eerban nu a \u0163inut seam\u0103 de avertismente, preg\u0103tind oaste de 20.000 de solda\u0163i \u015fi turn\u00e2nd 40 de tunuri, \u00een vederea r\u0103zboiului ce pl\u0103nuia s\u0103-l ridice \u00eempotriva \u201einamicului cre\u015ftin\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii”.<\/p>\n

Dimitrie Cantemir arat\u0103 c\u0103 acest \u201ezel cre\u015ftinesc” avea \u201es\u0103-i aduc\u0103 pieirea, c\u0103ci, neput\u00e2nd s\u0103-l opreasc\u0103 \u00een inten\u0163iile sale gre\u015fite, Constantin Stolnicul, Mihai Cantacuzino \u015fi Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu au decis s\u0103-l otr\u0103veasc\u0103 pe \u015eerban, folosindu-se de serviciile unui servitor aflat \u00een slujba domnului. Astfel, la dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni dup\u0103 plecarea soliei la Viena, \u00een luna \u201eoctovrie 29 de zile cursul anilor 7197 (1688), luni diminea\u0163a, la dou\u0103 ceasuri din zi \u015fi-a dat fericitul suflet”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Moartea domnului a st\u00e2rnit vii controverse. Anton Maria Del Chiaro, secretarul viitorului domn Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu, afirm\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a l\u0103sa niciun fel de dubiu: \u201eotr\u0103vit de ai s\u0103i”<\/em>. O p\u0103rere similar\u0103 emite \u015fi cronicarul Ion Neculce care crede \u201es\u0103-l fi otr\u0103vit fra\u0163ii lui, stolnicul Constantin \u015fi sp\u0103tarul Mihai”.<\/em> O pozi\u0163ie rezervat\u0103 adopt\u0103 banul Mihai Cantacuzino care, \u00een lucrarea sa Genealogia<\/strong>, caut\u0103 a nu-\u015fi pune familia \u00eentr-o lumin\u0103 nefavorabil\u0103 \u015fi trece peste cauzele mor\u0163ii lui \u015eerban Vod\u0103, men\u0163ion\u00e2nd doar c\u0103 \u201el-a prididit grabnic\u0103 moartea”.<\/p>\n

Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu, dezvinov\u0103\u0163it de cronicarul s\u0103u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Radu Greceanu, cronicarul oficial al domniei lui Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu, \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103-\u015fi dezvinov\u0103\u0163easc\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2nul care i-a urmat la tron lui \u015eerban. Dup\u0103 ce au pornit la drum c\u0103tre Viena -men\u0163ioneaz\u0103 cronicarul muntean – ajun\u015fi \u00een Transilvania, au \u00eent\u00e2mpinat o serie de piedici, pe care le-au rezolvat cu sprijinul lui Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu, venit \u00een ajutorul lor, la \u00eendemnul lui \u015eerban Cantacuzino. La re\u00eentoarcerea lui Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu, \u015eerban era deja grav bolnav \u015fi Br\u00e2ncoveanu a vegheat ne\u00eentrerupt la c\u0103p\u0103t\u00e2iul lui p\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi-a dat ob\u015ftescul sf\u00e2r\u015fit. Moartea domnului – scrie Radu Greceanu – l-a afectat foarte tare pe Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu, care era str\u0103in de hot\u0103r\u00e2rea boierilor de a-l alege ca domn. C\u00e2nd delega\u0163ia, trimis\u0103 de boieri la el, a venit ca s\u0103-i propun\u0103 scaunul \u0163\u0103rii, Br\u00e2ncoveanu l-ar fi refuzat, sub pretextul c\u0103 aceasta ar fi o sarcin\u0103 mult prea grea pentru el, l\u0103s\u00e2ndu-se, \u00een final, \u00eenduplecat, ca urmare a st\u0103ruin\u0163elor unanime ale Adun\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Adev\u0103rul despre implicarea lui Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu \u00een moartea unchiului s\u0103u<\/strong><\/p>\n

Realitatea se pare c\u0103 a fost \u00eens\u0103 cu totul alta. Pe patul de moarte, \u015eerban Vod\u0103 \u00eel recomandase ca succesor la tronul \u0163\u0103rii pe fratele s\u0103u Iordache, dar dorin\u0163a nu i-a fost luat\u0103 \u00een seam\u0103 de Adunarea boierilor, care a pretextat c\u0103 Iordache se afla departe de \u0163ar\u0103, \u00een acele clipe. \u00cenalta Poart\u0103 ar fi putut interveni \u015fi numi un domn str\u0103in intereselor \u0163\u0103rii, dar, din motive r\u0103mase necunoscute, nu a f\u0103cut acest lucru. Se mai \u015ftie c\u0103, dup\u0103 moartea acestuia, so\u0163ia lui \u015eerban Vod\u0103 a \u00eencercat s\u0103-l \u00eensc\u0103uneze pe fiul s\u0103u, beizadeaua Gheorghe, dar acesta fiind minor, Adunarea boierilor a refuzat propunerea doamnei, \u00een acele momente \u0163ara av\u00e2nd nevoie de un domn energic \u015fi capabil. Iat\u0103 deci c\u0103 la cap\u0103tul mai multor tentative s-a ajuns, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, la Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu. Dimitrie Cantemir spune c\u0103 Br\u00e2ncoveanu doar \u201ese pref\u0103cea c\u0103 are mare \u00eentristare” pentru moartea unchiului s\u0103u, privind \u201ecu bucurie ascuns\u0103” sceptrul domnesc.<\/p>\n

Divergen\u0163ele \u00eentre Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu \u015fi unchiul s\u0103u, \u015eerban Vod\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Divergen\u0163ele dintre Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu \u015fi \u015eerban Cantacuzino aveau s\u0103 ias\u0103 la lumin\u0103 dup\u0103 moartea celui de-al doilea, c\u00e2nd atitudinea primului fa\u0163\u0103 de so\u0163ia \u015fi fiul fostului domnitor s-a concretizat prin aceea c\u0103 averile lor au fost par\u0163ial confiscate, iar urma\u015fii lui \u015eerban, obliga\u0163i s\u0103 pl\u0103teasc\u0103 300 de pungi cu bani \u015fi pu\u015fi, vreme de un an de zile, sub strict\u0103 paz\u0103 militar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Radu Popescu aduce o serie de informa\u0163ii asupra celor petrecute la 29 octombrie 1688, care sunt confirmate \u015fi de Dimitrie Cantemir. Radu Popescu scria c\u0103 plana \u00eendoiala \u00een privin\u0163a cauzei reale a mor\u0163ii lui \u015eerban Vod\u0103: \u201eVreun adev\u0103r atuncia nu se va putea g\u0103si, ce era \u00eendoire, sau va fi, sau nu va fi”.<\/em> La r\u00e2ndul s\u0103u, Dimitrie Cantemir arat\u0103 c\u0103, dup\u0103 o vreme, c\u00e2nd au izbucnit divergen\u0163e \u00eentre Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu \u015fi Constantin Cantacuzino, domnitorul i-ar fi adus acuza\u0163ia f\u0103\u0163i\u015f\u0103 stolnicului: \u201eVoi voi\u0163i s\u0103 m\u0103 pierde\u0163i… Pe unchiul meu \u015eerban Vod\u0103, pe fratele vostru, l-a\u0163i ad\u0103pat cu venin de moarte…”<\/em> Dup\u0103 cum se \u015ftie, Constantin Cantacuzino Stolnicul a recunoscut singur crima comis\u0103. \u00cen ianuarie 1716, cu prilejul mazilirii fiului s\u0103u \u015etefan Cantacuzino, stolnicul, \u00een \u00eencercarea disperat\u0103 de a rec\u00e2\u015ftiga bun\u0103voin\u0163a sultanului, a spus c\u0103-l otr\u0103vise pe \u015eerban, pentru c\u0103 se ab\u0103tuse de la politica dus\u0103 de \u00eenalta Poart\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00centre timp, conjunctura politic\u0103 interna\u0163ional\u0103 din Balcani luase o alt\u0103 turnur\u0103, care va explica atitudinea adoptat\u0103 de Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu. Astfel, \u00een a doua jum\u0103tate a secolului al XVII-lea, victoria for\u0163elor unite austro-polone de la Viena i-a silit pe otomani s\u0103 treac\u0103 \u00een defensiv\u0103, d\u00e2nd posibilitatea Imperiului habsburgic s\u0103 domine \u00een unele dintre \u0163\u0103rile \u00een care, p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci, au dominat turcii. Dup\u0103 preluarea domniei, Br\u00e2ncoveanu a trimis imediat doi boieri s\u0103 ajung\u0103 din urm\u0103 solia, expediat\u0103 la Viena de predecesorul lui. Astfel, delega\u0163ia s-a prezentat la \u00eemp\u0103rat \u00een numele noului domn, modific\u00e2nd totodat\u0103 \u015fi scopul misiunii: \u201eDomnul nu poate renun\u0163a la protec\u0163ia Por\u0163ii, cu at\u00e2t mai mult, cu c\u00e2t \u00eemp\u0103ratul nu se oblig\u0103 s\u0103-i cuprind\u0103 \u00een tratatul de pace pe care \u00ee\u015fi propune s\u0103-l \u00eencheie cu turcii.”<\/em> Solii, d\u00e2ndu-\u015fi seama c\u0103 orientarea politic\u0103 austrofil\u0103 a lui \u015eerban Vod\u0103 se diminuase, de team\u0103, nu s-au mai \u00eentors \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u015fi s-au oprit \u00een Transilvania.<\/p>\n

Gruparea format\u0103 \u00een jurul lui Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu a intrat \u00een conflict cu familia Cantacuzinilor, d\u00e2nd impresia, la prima vedere, a unui complot de palat, c\u00e2nd, \u00een realitate, era vorba de interese politice, cu implica\u0163ii mult mai largi.
\nAlexandru Popescu face o analiz\u0103 pertinent\u0103 a situa\u0163iei politice a momentului. Boierii \u0163\u0103rii se adunaser\u0103 \u00een Sp\u0103t\u0103ria cu stele, pentru a-l alege domn pe Constantin Br\u00e2ncoveanu. \u00cen aceast\u0103 vreme, domnul z\u0103cea – conform celor relatate \u00een cronica \u0163\u0103rii – \u201eca un mort din cei pro\u015fti”,<\/em> vegheat doar de familia sa. Aceast\u0103 \u00eemprejurare, ad\u0103ugat\u0103 la discu\u0163iile aprinse dintre voievod \u015fi fra\u0163ii s\u0103i (dintre care Constantin Stolnicul era personalitatea cea mai reprezentativ\u0103), ca \u015fi amintirea unor evenimente, \u00een cursul c\u0103rora \u015eerban nu se sfiise s\u0103-i \u00eenfrunte pe cei mai de seam\u0103 boieri ai \u0163\u0103rii, au determinat r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea unor zvonuri \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu sf\u00e2r\u015fitul s\u0103u, anume, c\u0103 pe \u015eerban \u201el-au otr\u0103vit Constantin frate-s\u0103u \u015fi Constantin logof\u0103t Br\u00e2ncoveanu, nepotu-s\u0103u”<\/em> (cf. Radu Popescu). Multe din scrierile vremii, \u015fi chiar de mai t\u00e2rziu, scot \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 aceast\u0103 b\u0103nuial\u0103, care a fost preluat\u0103, dup\u0103 aceea, de unii istorici.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cine a fost \u015eerban Cantacuzino? Domn al Munteniei (1673-1688), \u015eerban Vod\u0103 Cantacuzino s-a remarcat, \u00eenc\u0103 din timpul vie\u0163ii, ca o personalitate de prim rang pe t\u0103r\u00e2m politic \u015fi cultural, pun\u00e2ndu-\u015fi amprenta asupra \u00eentregului veac al XVII-lea. Cu toate acestea, el … <\/p>\n

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Domn al Munteniei (1673-1688), \u015eerban Vod\u0103 Cantacuzino s-a remarcat, \u00eenc\u0103 din timpul vie\u0163ii, ca o personalitate de prim rang pe t\u0103r\u00e2m politic \u015fi cultural, pun\u00e2ndu-\u015fi amprenta asupra \u00eentregului veac al XVII-lea. Cu toate acestea, el ... 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