{"id":56497,"date":"2018-06-06T15:25:35","date_gmt":"2018-06-06T12:25:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=56497"},"modified":"2018-06-06T15:25:35","modified_gmt":"2018-06-06T12:25:35","slug":"cum-civilizatia-azteca-fost-decimata-de-variola-din-cauza-cuceritorilor-spanioli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/cum-civilizatia-azteca-fost-decimata-de-variola-din-cauza-cuceritorilor-spanioli\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum civiliza\u0163ia aztec\u0103 a fost decimat\u0103 de variol\u0103, din cauza cuceritorilor spanioli"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/variola-azteci.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-56499\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/variola-azteci.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"331\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/variola-azteci.jpg 331w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/variola-azteci-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/variola-azteci-20x15.jpg 20w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 331px) 100vw, 331px\" \/><\/a>\u00cen 1519, conquistatorul spaniol Hernando Cortes a adus variola de la Puerto Rico pe continentul nord-american, \u00een special \u00een Mexic, ceea ce a avut drept rezultat moartea a 3-4 milioane de nativi azteci lipsi\u0163i de orice ap\u0103rare biologic\u0103, una dintre cele mai devastatoare epidemii din istoria omenirii.<\/p>\n<p>Cristofor Columb a adus variola \u00een Santo Domingo, de unde s-a extins \u00een Puerto Rico. Exploratorii spanioli erau \u00een cea mai mare parte imuni la aceast\u0103 boal\u0103 mortal\u0103, la fel \u015fi sclavii acestora. \u00cen realitate, nu Hernando Cortes a fost acela care i-a expus pe azteci la variol\u0103. Este vorba de unul dintre sclavii lui care era infectat, dar imun (\u015fi sclavii serveau ca solda\u0163i \u00een armata invadatoare a lui Cortes), iar contactul lui cu aztecii a declan\u015fat boala.<\/p>\n<p>Panfilo de Narvaez a fost un agent involuntar al contamin\u0103rii, vizita lui \u00een Mexic, din anul 1519, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Cortes av\u00e2nd drept rezultat moartea a 4 milioane de nativi azteci. O persoan\u0103 infectat\u0103 cu aceea\u015fi boal\u0103 care s-ar plimba prin New York ar putea produce un dezastru similar.<\/p>\n<p>Povestea lui Narvaez ne atrage aten\u0163ia asupra uneia dintre cele mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite temeri din zilele noastre: aceea c\u0103 o organiza\u0163ie terorist\u0103 va injecta unui \u201econtaminator sinuciga\u015f\u201d un virus de variol\u0103 furat, \u015fi \u00eei va da drumul respectivei persoane \u00eentr-un ora\u015f foarte populat \u2013 cum ar fi New York-ul \u2013 l\u0103s\u00e2ndu-l s\u0103 se plimbe printre oamenii neproteja\u0163i \u015fi transmi\u0163\u00e2nd virusul tuturor celor pe care \u00eei \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fte. A\u015fa cum a fost cazul cu aztecii, \u00een 1520, ast\u0103zi niciunul dintre noi nu este imun.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen 1980 s-a crezut c\u0103 variola este complet eradicat\u0103, ultimul caz fiind semnalat \u00een Somalia, \u00een 1977. Mostre ale virusului de variol\u0103 au fost depozitate \u00een laboratoare din Rusia \u015fi Statele Unite \u015fi nu putem exclude posibilitatea ca ele s\u0103 cad\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2inile terori\u015ftilor.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2nd a invadat pentru prima dat\u0103 Tenochtitlan, Cortes a fost \u00eent\u00e2mpinat cu o rezisten\u0163\u0103 destul de ferm\u0103. \u015ei nu este de mirare, c\u0103ci aztecii erau puternici, bine hr\u0103ni\u0163i \u015fi mai aveau \u00eenc\u0103 vreo c\u00e2teva s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni p\u00e2n\u0103 s\u0103 simt\u0103 efectele virusului variolei cu care fuseser\u0103 infecta\u0163i. Cortes s-a decis s\u0103 se retrag\u0103 \u015fi se a\u015ftepta ca aztecii s\u0103-l urm\u0103reasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103-\u015fi angajeze trupele \u00een lupt\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 mai multe s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni de pace \u015fi \u00een absen\u0163a oric\u0103rui semn c\u0103 ar putea fi urm\u0103rit, Cortes a trimis spioni \u00eenapoi la Tenochtitlan. Ace\u015ftia s-au \u00eentors \u015fi au relatat c\u0103 ora\u015ful era sl\u0103bit \u015fi mii de oameni se \u00eemboln\u0103veau \u015fi mureau.<br \/>\nLa scurt timp dup\u0103 aceea, Cortes s-a \u00eentors \u015fi \u015fi-a definitivat cucerirea \u00een trei luni cu ajutorul a numai cinci sute de oameni, dup\u0103 care s-a proclamat rege. Le-a poruncit aztecilor supravie\u0163uitori, dintre care mul\u0163i erau bolnavi \u015fi muribunzi, s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 ora\u015ful. Dup\u0103 plecarea acestora, el \u015fi oamenii lui au jefuit ora\u015ful de aurul \u015fi bijuteriile g\u0103site, apoi l-au f\u0103cut una cu p\u0103m\u00e2ntul. C\u00e2nd, \u00een cele din urm\u0103, Cortes a plecat, imperiul aztec nu mai exista.<\/p>\n<p>Ceea ce a u\u015furat misiunea lui Cortes \u015fi a dus la predarea \u00een mas\u0103 a oamenilor \u015fi la c\u0103derea final\u0103 a ora\u015fului a fost supersti\u0163ia aztecilor potrivit c\u0103reia zeii lui Cortes erau mai puternici dec\u00e2t propriii lor zei. Cum altfel se putea explica faptul c\u0103 oamenii lui Cortes nu se \u00eemboln\u0103veau?<\/p>\n<p>Variola ajunsese pe continent \u015fi, \u00een mai pu\u0163in de o sut\u0103 de ani, avea s\u0103 apar\u0103 la Boston \u015fi s\u0103-i atace pe americanii nativi (amerindieni), lipsi\u0163i de imunitate, a\u015fa cum f\u0103cuse \u015fi cu aztecii. Aceasta a provocat nenum\u0103rate decese \u015fi, ad\u0103ugate la politica de anihilare a popula\u0163iei indigene din ceea ce avea s\u0103 fie, cur\u00e2nd, America, a dus la dispari\u0163ia, aproape \u00een totalitate, a popula\u0163iei americane native.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen 1519, conquistatorul spaniol Hernando Cortes a adus variola de la Puerto Rico pe continentul nord-american, \u00een special \u00een Mexic, ceea ce a avut drept rezultat moartea a 3-4 milioane de nativi azteci lipsi\u0163i de orice ap\u0103rare biologic\u0103, una dintre &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Cum civiliza\u0163ia aztec\u0103 a fost decimat\u0103 de variol\u0103, din cauza cuceritorilor spanioli\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/cum-civilizatia-azteca-fost-decimata-de-variola-din-cauza-cuceritorilor-spanioli\/#more-56497\" aria-label=\"Cite\u0219te mai multe despre Cum civiliza\u0163ia aztec\u0103 a fost decimat\u0103 de variol\u0103, din cauza cuceritorilor spanioli\">Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":56499,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,2833],"tags":[685,208,170,5070,9175,9794,206,525,151,684,4036,1019,1150,4429],"class_list":["post-56497","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medicina","category-noutati","tag-aur","tag-azteci","tag-boala","tag-boston","tag-cortes","tag-medicina","tag-mexic","tag-new-york","tag-oras","tag-sclavi","tag-teroristi","tag-variola","tag-virus","tag-zei","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Cum civiliza\u0163ia aztec\u0103 a fost decimat\u0103 de variol\u0103, din cauza cuceritorilor spanioli - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/cum-civilizatia-azteca-fost-decimata-de-variola-din-cauza-cuceritorilor-spanioli\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cum civiliza\u0163ia aztec\u0103 a fost decimat\u0103 de variol\u0103, din cauza cuceritorilor spanioli\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen 1519, conquistatorul spaniol Hernando Cortes a adus variola de la Puerto Rico pe continentul nord-american, \u00een special \u00een Mexic, ceea ce a avut drept rezultat moartea a 3-4 milioane de nativi azteci lipsi\u0163i de orice ap\u0103rare biologic\u0103, una dintre ... 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