{"id":54575,"date":"2018-01-30T22:53:34","date_gmt":"2018-01-30T20:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=54575"},"modified":"2018-01-30T22:53:34","modified_gmt":"2018-01-30T20:53:34","slug":"capul-lui-mihai-viteazul","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/capul-lui-mihai-viteazul\/","title":{"rendered":"Istoria tulbur\u0103toare a capului lui Mihai Viteazul"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u00cen zorii zilei de\u00a0 9\/19 august 1601, \u00eentr-o duminic\u0103, pe C\u00e2mpia Turzii se rostogoli \u00een pulbere capul lui Mihai Viteazul, asasinat mi\u015fele\u015fte din ordinul generalului Basta. Dar ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu r\u0103m\u0103\u015fi\u0163ele marelui voievod?<\/p>\n

\u00centr-o scrisoare a lui Ieremia Movil\u0103 adresat\u0103 la 1 septembrie 1601 cancelarului lituanian Leon Sapieha, se spun urm\u0103toarele: \u201eV\u0103 mai \u00een\u015ftiin\u0163\u0103m de asemenea cum c\u0103 Mihai vod\u0103 pieri la Turda \u00een 19 a lui august, ucis din ordinul lui \u00eensu\u015fi Gheorghe Basta. Dint\u00e2i fu \u00eempu\u015fcat, apoi i se t\u0103ie capul, \u015fi corpul i s-a expus pe c\u00e2mp deasupra unui cal mort. Gheorghe Basta nu permise a-l \u00eenmorm\u00e2nta”<\/em>. Relatarea nu poate fi pus\u0103 la \u00eendoial\u0103. Ea provine de la un du\u015fman al lui Mihai, al c\u0103rui frate lupta \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u00eempotriva boierilor celui ucis \u015fi poate fi cu at\u00e2t mai u\u015for verificat\u0103 cu c\u00e2t corespunde \u00eentru totul cu \u00eensemn\u0103rile lui \u015et. Szamoskozy. \u00cen versiunea acestuia, uciga\u015fii au t\u00e2r\u00e2t trupul lui Mihai afar\u0103 din cort \u201e\u015fi a z\u0103cut trei zile gol la marginea drumului. Capul cu barb\u0103 cu tot, l-au pus pe hoitul unui cal […] \u00een cele din urm\u0103 […] l-au \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat ni\u015fte s\u00e2rbi \u00eentr-o groap\u0103 mic\u0103”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

O versiune cu totul diferit\u0103 a celor \u00eent\u00e2mplate dup\u0103 moartea lui Mihai prezint\u0103 Ciro Spontoni, secretarul lui Basta \u015fi redactorul memoriilor sale sub titlul „Historio della Transilvania”<\/em>, Vene\u0163ia, 1638. O red\u0103m aproape \u00een \u00eentregime deoarece pe ea se bazeaz\u0103 mul\u0163i dintre istoricii care au analizat evenimentele din acei ani:<\/p>\n

\u201eDup\u0103 aceasta, se \u0163inu consiliu, la care au participat conduc\u0103torii ambelor armate, care au declarat supunere fa\u0163\u0103 de ordinele generalului Basta; s-a hot\u0103r\u00e2t de asemenea a se trimite capul lui Mihai \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, socotindu-se c\u0103 dac\u0103 nu l-or fi trimis […] boierii n-ar alege alt voievod. [..] Capul fu deci \u00eemb\u0103ls\u0103mat \u015fi \u00eencredin\u0163at comisului lui Mihai, care \u00eel ceru cu cea mai mare st\u0103ruin\u0163\u0103 spre a-l duce \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103”.<\/em>\u00a0 Spontoni nu ne spune \u00een continuare dac\u0103 comisul a luat \u00eentr-adev\u0103r capul lui Mihai, al\u0103turi de scrisorile lui Basta c\u0103tre boierii rom\u00e2ni, prin care \u00eei \u00eendemna s\u0103-\u015fi aleag\u0103 alt domn.<\/p>\n

Trec\u00e2nd la izvoarele franceze contemporane evenimentelor din 1601, amintim istoria lui Iacob de Thou, dup\u0103 care \u201eTrupul lui Mihai dezbr\u0103cat, fu aruncat s\u0103 zac\u0103 spre oroare la malul r\u00e2ului, p\u00e2n\u0103 de cu seara, \u00eentr-un mod nedemn. Iar noaptea, fu \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat \u00een acel loc din ordinul lui Ioan Schneckenhaus, tribun al mili\u0163iei sileziene”<\/em>. Tot o zi socote\u015fte c\u0103 a r\u0103mas ne\u00eengropat trupul voievodului \u015fi Palma Cayet \u00een a sa „Chronologie Septenaire”,<\/em> Paris, 1605.<\/p>\n

Izvoarele grece\u015fti, poemele \u00eenchinate lui Mihai Viteazul de vistierul Stavrinos \u00een 1601 \u015fi Gh. Paiamede \u00een 1607, \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 \u015fi ele soarta r\u0103m\u0103\u015fi\u0163elor lui Mihai. Relatarea lui Paiamede spune c\u0103 trei zile \u015fi trei nop\u0163i capul domnului a r\u0103mas a\u015fezat pe un cal al s\u0103u ucis \u00een \u00eenv\u0103lm\u0103\u015feal\u0103, \u00een care timp trupul a r\u0103mas ne\u00eengropat. La aceasta versiune care, \u00een linii mari, se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu cea a lui Szamoskozy, Paiamede adaug\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 o \u015ftire semnificativ\u0103 care nu apare \u00een alte izvoare: \u201eMul\u0163i se str\u00e2ngeau acolo, priveau cu jale \u015fi cl\u0103tin\u00eendu-\u015fi capul criticau aspru pe Basta. Iar dup\u0103 trei zile \u015fi trei nop\u0163i, tot ni\u015fte osta\u015fi din vechii slujitori ai lui Mihai, l-au \u00eengropat noaptea pe ascuns \u015fi mul\u0163i l-au pl\u00e2ns cu prisosin\u0163\u0103”<\/em>. Informa\u0163ia este deosebit de pre\u0163ioas\u0103 deoarece tocmai unul din ace\u015fti o\u015fteni slujitori ai lui Mihai a adus capul domnului s\u0103u \u00een \u0163ar\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00centre izvoarele posterioare evenimentelor, dar care prezint\u0103 relat\u0103ri demne de re\u0163inut, se num\u0103r\u0103 cronica s\u00e2rbeasc\u0103 a lui G. Brencovici. Acesta petrecuse mul\u0163i ani pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 mitropolia rom\u00e2na din Alba Iulia, iar \u00eentre anii 1680\u20141689 a locuit \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, av\u00e2nd leg\u0103turi cu personalit\u0103\u0163i politice \u015fi cu c\u0103rtur\u0103rii vremii. Din Alba Iulia a cules \u015ftirea c\u0103, dup\u0103 uciderea lui Mihai, cu \u00eeng\u00e2duirea lui Basta, capul lui fu \u00eengropat \u00eempreun\u0103 cu trupul, iar apoi, dup\u0103 ce a trecut c\u00e2tva timp, a fost dus \u015fi \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat la mitropolia din B\u0103lgrad (Alba Iulia). Dar, o tradi\u0163ie care circula \u00een \u0163ar\u0103 era aceea c\u0103 trupul ascuns a fost dus \u00een tain\u0103 de un oarecare c\u0103pitan \u00een m\u0103n\u0103stirea de la T\u00e2rgovi\u015fte, ce se afla pe o colin\u0103 ridicat\u0103, numit\u0103 m\u0103n\u0103stirea din Deal \u015fi a fost \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat acolo.<\/p>\n

Dintre izvoarele ungure\u015fti t\u00e2rzii, dar care folosesc relat\u0103rile de la \u00eenceputul secolului al XVII-lea ale lui Szamoskozy \u015fi Simigianus, men\u0163ion\u0103m cunoscuta cronic\u0103 a lui Wolfgang Bethlen, unde este \u00eenregistrat\u0103 \u015ftirea conform c\u0103reia trupul lui Mihai a fost dus \u00een biserica rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 de la Alba Iulia.<\/p>\n

Trec\u00e2nd la cronicile rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, amintim pe scurt Letopise\u0163ul lui Miron Costin, \u00eensemn\u00e2nd spusele unor \u201eoameni b\u0103tr\u00e2ni de pre acele vremi”, care afirm\u0103 c\u0103 lui Mihai Vod\u0103 \u201ei-au t\u0103iatu capul \u015fi l-au dus la Basta Giurgiu, iar trupul p\u00e2n\u0103 a treia dzi au st\u0103tut la vederea tuturora, ne\u00eengropat”<\/em>.\u00a0 M. Cantacuzino \u00eenregistreaz\u0103, \u00een „Istoria \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti”<\/em>, tip\u0103rit\u0103 de fra\u0163ii Tunusli \u00een 1806, versiunea dup\u0103 care corpul lui Mihai a fost \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat pe C\u00e2mpia Turzii, \u201eiar capul, lu\u00e2ndu-l boierii \u015fi aduc\u00e2ndu-l la T\u00e2rgovi\u015fte, l-au \u00eengropat la m\u0103n\u0103stirea Dealului”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Pe filele \u00eeng\u0103lbenite ale uneia dintre multele versiuni ale cronicii Letopise\u0163ului Cantacuzinesc, un anonim a ad\u0103ugat c\u00e2ndva la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul \u201eIstoriei lui Mihai Vod\u0103” o interesant\u0103 relatare: \u201eDe aicea s\u0103 povestim de un boer care au fost la Mihai vod\u0103, anume Turturea postelnicul. Atuncea au fost legat Mihai vod\u0103 cu Turturea postelnicul jur\u0103m\u00e2nt tare \u015fi mare cum s\u0103 se caute unul pre altul p\u00e2n\u0103 la moartea lor. \u015ei de s\u0103 va prinde lui Mihai Vod\u0103 s\u0103 pieie \u00eentr-o alt\u0103 \u0163ar\u0103, s\u0103 nu-i lase oasele acolo, ci s\u0103 le aduc\u0103 \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Iar de se va prinde s\u0103 pieie acest postelnic Turturea \u00eentr-alt\u0103 \u0163ar\u0103, s\u0103 nu-i lase Mihai Vod\u0103 oasele, ci s\u0103 le aduc\u0103 \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 s\u0103 le \u00eengroape. Drept aceia, deac\u0103 v\u0103zu Turlurea postelnicul c\u0103 t\u0103iar\u0103 pre Mihai Vod\u0103, mult s-au nevoit pentru jur\u00e2m\u00e2ntul ca s\u0103 aduc\u0103 oasele lui Mihai Vod\u0103. Ci n-au putut, ci au<\/em> luat numai capul de l-au adus \u00een \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u015fi l-au \u00eengropat la m\u0103n\u0103stirea din Deal, de la T\u00e2rgovi\u015fte”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Astfel, se pare c\u0103 postelnicul Turturea e cel care a luat pe furi\u015f capul domnului s\u0103u, \u015fi l-a \u00eengropat cu mult\u0103 cinste la m\u0103n\u0103stirea Dealu din T\u00e2rgovi\u015fte. Astfel, se explic\u0103 de ce voievodul Mihai apare \u00een pomelnicile de la Dealu p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een anul 1738.<\/p>\n

\u00cen februarie 1843, Gheorghe Bibescu se \u00eencoroneaz\u0103 la biserica de la Curtea Veche din Bucure\u015fti \u00eembr\u0103cat \u00eentr-un costum care \u00eel imita pe cel al lui Mihai Viteazul. A\u015fa a mers la M\u0103n\u0103stirea Dealu s\u0103 se \u00eenchine la r\u0103m\u0103\u015fi\u0163ele marelui domn unificator. Dup\u0103 \u00eenceperea lucr\u0103rilor de restaurare a m\u0103n\u0103stirii \u00een 1845, doi ani mai t\u00e2rziu au fost deschise mormintele lui Radu cel Mare (1508) \u015fi Mihai Viteazul, craniile lor fiind a\u015fezate \u00een dou\u0103 racle de sticl\u0103. \u00cen 1864, Dimitrie Bolintineanu, ministrul cultelor \u015fi instruc\u0163iunii publice, propune ridicarea unui monument dedicat marelui voievod la M\u0103n\u0103stirea \u201eMihai Vod\u0103\u201c din Bucure\u015fti, \u00een care s\u0103 fie depus capul acestuia, \u00eentr-o urn\u0103 de aur, \u00eentregul monument urm\u00e2nd a fi acoperit cu sticl\u0103 alb\u0103. Proiectul a fost aprobat de Alexandru Ioan Cuza, dar din motive necunoscute a fost abandonat.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201eTinerimea Universitar\u0103\u201c, \u00eendrumat\u0103 de arheologul Grigore Tocilescu, \u00eenlocuie\u015fte \u00een 1904 racla de sticl\u0103 \u00een care se afla craniul voievodului cu un relicvariu din bronz, \u00een form\u0103 de capel\u0103, pe care Nicolae Iorga \u00eel consider\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 un obiect nedemn pentru a sluji drept loc de veci voievodului martir. De aceea \u00eei propune lui Nicolae Filipescu, ministrul r\u0103zboiului, sculptarea unui sarcofag de marmur\u0103. Carol Stork realizeaz\u0103 dou\u0103 splendide lucr\u0103ri, una pentru Mihai Viteazul \u015fi alta pentru Radu cel Mare. Pe el scrie: „S-a \u00eenfrumuse\u0163at acest morm\u00e2nt cu cheltuiala \u0163\u0103rii, la 311 ani de la jertfirea lui”.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen zorii zilei de\u00a0 9\/19 august 1601, \u00eentr-o duminic\u0103, pe C\u00e2mpia Turzii se rostogoli \u00een pulbere capul lui Mihai Viteazul, asasinat mi\u015fele\u015fte din ordinul generalului Basta. Dar ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu r\u0103m\u0103\u015fi\u0163ele marelui voievod? \u00centr-o scrisoare a lui Ieremia Movil\u0103 … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54577,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,2833],"tags":[852,4748,77,851,226,819,827,240,8352,1398,1496,5342,9052,1428,5264,12310,7986,12308,668,1532,1620,12309,847,607,923,836,12311,4791,611,359,228,5035,1014,586,10629],"class_list":["post-54575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","category-noutati","tag-alba-iulia","tag-arheolog","tag-asasinare","tag-basta","tag-boieri","tag-bolintineanu","tag-bucuresti","tag-cal","tag-campia-turzii","tag-cap","tag-craniu","tag-cronica","tag-cuza","tag-domnitor","tag-general","tag-gheorghe-bibescu","tag-groapa","tag-ieremia-movila","tag-inmormantare","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-manastire","tag-manastirea-dealu","tag-mihai-viteazul","tag-ministru","tag-nicolae-iorga","tag-paris","tag-radu-cel-mare","tag-sarbi","tag-scrisoare","tag-sticla","tag-tara-romaneasca","tag-targoviste","tag-trup","tag-venetia","tag-voievod","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nIstoria tulbur\u0103toare a capului lui Mihai Viteazul - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/capul-lui-mihai-viteazul\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Istoria tulbur\u0103toare a capului lui Mihai Viteazul\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen zorii zilei de\u00a0 9\/19 august 1601, \u00eentr-o duminic\u0103, pe C\u00e2mpia Turzii se rostogoli \u00een pulbere capul lui Mihai Viteazul, asasinat mi\u015fele\u015fte din ordinul generalului Basta. Dar ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat cu r\u0103m\u0103\u015fi\u0163ele marelui voievod? \u00centr-o scrisoare a lui Ieremia Movil\u0103 ... 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