{"id":54457,"date":"2018-01-24T12:00:02","date_gmt":"2018-01-24T10:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=54457"},"modified":"2018-01-24T12:00:02","modified_gmt":"2018-01-24T10:00:02","slug":"din-enigmele-unei-alegeri-controversate-in-1859-trebuia-sa-fie-ales-domnitor-poetul-costache-negri-in-loc-de-al-i-cuza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/din-enigmele-unei-alegeri-controversate-in-1859-trebuia-sa-fie-ales-domnitor-poetul-costache-negri-in-loc-de-al-i-cuza\/","title":{"rendered":"Din enigmele unei alegeri controversate: \u00een 1859, trebuia s\u0103 fie ales domnitor poetul Costache Negri, \u00een loc de Al. I. Cuza"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u00cemprejur\u0103rile \u00een care Cuza a fost ales domn al Moldovei sunt \u00eendeob\u015fte cunoscute. Compar\u00e2nd m\u0103rturiile contemporanilor, precum \u015fi relat\u0103rile istoricilor, se pot constata unele contradic\u0163ii pe care datele cunoscute p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi nu le-au putut clarifica. Principala \u00eentrebare este dac\u0103 alegerea lui Cuza \u00een calitate de candidat al partidei na\u0163ionale a fost \u201eo bomb\u0103 nea\u015fteptat\u0103”, un act spontan intervenit \u00een focul discu\u0163iilor de la Elefant, din faimoasa noapte de 3 ianuarie 1859, sau a fost o candidatur\u0103 subtil premeditat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Detaliile fr\u0103m\u00e2nt\u0103rilor din cele dou\u0103 partide, cea na\u0163ional\u0103 \u015fi cea a \u201eb\u0103tr\u00e2nilor” sau a \u201estrigoilor”, adic\u0103 cele dou\u0103 grupuri ale Sturdze\u015ftilor, tat\u0103l \u015fi fiul, sunt de asemenea controversate. Un document inedit, care ne ajut\u0103 poate s\u0103 elucid\u0103m unele dintre aceste date, a fost scris de ziaristul \u015fi diplomatul francez Baligot de Beyne,\u00a0secretar al Consulatului Fran\u0163ei din Constantinopol \u015fi secretar al domnitorului Cuza. \u00censemn\u0103rile lui Baligot de Beyne, scrise pe 8 pagini de h\u00e2rtie, format mare, se afl\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00een Cabinetul de manuscrise al Bibliotecii Academiei, \u00een Arhiva domnitorului Cuza.<\/p>\n

Trebuia s\u0103 fii bogat pentru a candida la domnia \u0163\u0103rii<\/strong><\/p>\n

Condi\u0163ii pentru a fi candidat la domnie cu ocazia alegerilor din 1859: orice rom\u00e2n posed\u00e2nd un titlu de boierie (cel pu\u0163in postelnic) \u015fi un venit de 4.000 de duca\u0163i. Negri nu avea averea dorita \u015fi prietenii s\u0103i hot\u0103r\u00e2ser\u0103 s\u0103 voteze pentru el. Atunci, Vasile Alecsandri, f\u0103r\u0103 \u015ftirea \u015fi \u00een absen\u0163a lui, prin mijlocirea unei dona\u0163ii, i-a trecut dreptul de proprietate asupra mo\u015fiei sale P\u0103tr\u0103\u015fcani; dl. Rosetti-Te\u0163cani a f\u0103cut acela\u015fi lucru cu mo\u015fia sa de la Te\u0163cani.<\/p>\n

Costache Negri, preferatul boierilor na\u0163ionali\u015fti moldoveni, refuz\u0103 candidatura
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Costache Negri, iubit, apreciat \u015fi admirat de contemporani, se g\u0103sea \u00een 1858 \u00een situa\u0163ia de a nu putea fi ales deputat pentru c\u0103 nu dispunea de venitul cuvenit. Ales totu\u015fi deputat, \u015fi-a dat demisia, care i-a fost \u00eens\u0103 respins\u0103 de Camer\u0103. Negri ar fi putut fi un om bogat. Tat\u0103l s\u0103u vitreg, poetul Costache Conachi, \u00eei propusese s\u0103-l fac\u0103 mo\u015ftenitorul marii sale averi, cu condi\u0163ia s\u0103-i poarte numele, dar Negri preferase s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 numai cu mo\u015fia sa, M\u00e2njina din Covurlui, \u015fi cu numele l\u0103sat de tat\u0103l s\u0103u. Prietenii s\u0103i, Vasile Alecsandri, C. Rosetti-Te\u0163cani \u015fi al\u0163i doi, pe care poetul nu-i mai aminte\u015fte (Manolache Costache Epureanu \u015fi Lasc\u0103r Rosetti), s-au asociat pentru a-i constitui un legat din mo\u015fiile P\u0103tr\u0103\u015fcani \u015fi Te\u0163cani, cre\u00e2ndu-i astfel, f\u0103r\u0103 \u015ftirea lui, venitul necesar.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd a aflat despre inten\u0163iile prietenilor, C. Negri o protestat \u00eentr-o scrisoare c\u0103tre V. Alecsandri, din 2 decembrie 1859: \u201eDe vreme ce nu m-am \u00eencercat a-mi face drepturi pentru deput\u0103\u0163ie c\u00e2nd nu le aveam, asemenea nu m\u0103 voi \u00eencerca a mi le face pentru domnie, c\u00e2nd le am \u00eenc\u0103 \u015fi mai pu\u0163in”.<\/em> Modest \u015fi convins de importan\u0163a voin\u0163ei na\u0163ionale, el socotea c\u0103 \u201eDe\u015fi alegerea domnului este o chestie cu totul secundar\u0103 \u015fi subordonat\u0103 la alegerea deputa\u0163ilor na\u0163iei, care aceasta este totul, dar sunt de ajuns b\u0103rba\u0163i moldoveni mai vrednici de \u00eens\u0103rcinat cu povara domniei, cari au \u015fi adev\u0103rate drepturi legale \u015fi cu care ast\u0103zi nu m\u0103 pot asem\u0103na dec\u00e2t \u00een deopotriva durere pentru binele acestui al nostru p\u00e2m\u00e2nt”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00cen Moldova, erau atunci trei partide:
\n1. Partida na\u0163ional\u0103, 31 la 32 de membri;
\n2. Partida Gr. Sturdza, peste 15;
\n3. Partida M. Sturdza, 5 sau 6.<\/p>\n

Partida Gr. Sturdza, vechi servitor sau prefect al tat\u0103lui s\u0103u, \u00eentre al\u0163ii: C. Hurmuzaki, Gh. Sturdza, cumnatul s\u0103u. Partida Mihail, b\u0103tr\u00e2nul: B\u0103l\u0103nescu, N. Mavrocordat. Partida na\u0163ional\u0103, tineretul, av\u00e2nd ca \u0163el combaterea celor dou\u0103 candidaturi Sturdza. C\u00e2t despre candidatul acesteia, se \u00een\u0163eleseser\u0103 s\u0103 numeasc\u0103 pe cel care va \u00eentruni majoritatea.<\/p>\n

Alecsandri, noul favorit al na\u0163ionali\u015ftilor moldoveni<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nu se pronun\u0163ase niciun nume; ajun\u015fi \u00een ajun partida na\u0163ional\u0103 era totu\u015fi frac\u0163ionat\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 grupuri. Principalii candida\u0163i erau V. Alecsandri, sus\u0163inut de 16 membri, Lasc\u0103r Catargi, 4 – 5 voturi, Kog\u0103lniceanu, 2 – 3 voturi, Mavrogheni, 2 – 3 voturi, precum \u015fi al\u0163ii. Cu toat\u0103 dorin\u0163a prietenilor s\u0103i, Negri nu era candidatul oficial \u015fi unic al partidei na\u0163ionale.<\/p>\n

Interesat\u0103 ca \u0163ara s\u0103 aib\u0103 o Adunare ob\u015fteasc\u0103 liber\u0103, conform\u0103 principiilor sale, domnul fiind numai exponentul adun\u0103rii, partida hot\u0103r\u00e2se s\u0103 aleag\u0103 pe omul care va \u00eentruni num\u0103rul cel mai mare de voturi; \u00een ultimul moment, vanitatea \u00eendemn\u0103 pe mul\u0163i na\u0163ionali s\u0103-\u015fi propun\u0103 candidatura sau s\u0103 admit\u0103 s\u0103 fie sus\u0163inu\u0163i. Alecsandri scria fratelui s\u0103u \u00eenc\u0103 de la 28 decembrie 1858 : \u201eCandidatura mea la domnie devine serioas\u0103, vai chiar prea serioas\u0103 pentru gusturile \u015fi ideile mele. Dar ce pot face? Sunt \u00eempins de un partid destul de mare \u015fi sunt comb\u0103tut de to\u0163i prietenii \u015fi cuno\u015ftin\u0163ele noastre care se cred membri ai marii aristocra\u0163ii”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Sus\u0163in\u0103torii lui Alecsandri erau, \u00een majoritate, boieri de rangul al doilea, ostili marilor boieri. \u201eUn nou partid se forma \u00een mijlocul acestui v\u00e2rtej de patimi proste\u015fti<\/em>, scria poetul, acela al deputa\u0163ilor din clasa a doua, care, nemaivr\u00e2nd pe tron un Ghica, un Bal\u015f, un Sturdza, puseser\u0103 ochii pe mine”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00centr-un memoriu inedit, \u00een limba francez\u0103, D. A. Sturdza, ostil at\u00e2t lui Cuza c\u00e2t \u015fi lui Alecsandri, socote\u015fte c\u0103 partizanii acestuia erau de fapt recruta\u0163i dintre cei \u201epentru care o ajunge la putere era un c\u00e2\u015ftig, un mijloc de a face avere”, iar A. D. Xenopol crede c\u0103 Alecsandri era sprijinit de \u201ebanda neagr\u0103” \u00een fruntea c\u0103reia era N. Docan.<\/p>\n

Alecsandri vrea s\u0103 se dezic\u0103 de propria candidatur\u0103 \u00een favoarea lui Negri… dar iese cu ceart\u0103 mare<\/strong><\/p>\n

La 3 ianuarie 1859, reuniune la Elefant, Cabinet de Istorie Natural\u0103 aflat \u00een T\u00e2rgul de Sus al Ie\u015filor (actualul Muzeu de Istorie Natural\u0103 din Ia\u015fi). D. Rallet, din partida na\u0163ional\u0103, locuise acolo, avea un salon mare. A merge la Elefant \u00eensemna a merge \u00een vechiul apartament al lui Rallet.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

La 3 seara, adunare la Elefant. V. Alecsandri sondase pe cei 16 partizani ai s\u0103i \u00een scopul de a face s\u0103 fie substituit \u00een locul numelui s\u0103u, acel al lui Negri. Atunci, adres\u00e2ndu-se tuturor le-a spus: „Partida noastr\u0103 este frac\u0163ionat\u0103; fiecare frac\u0163iune este mai slab\u0103 dec\u00e2t partida lui Grigore, cu at\u00e2t mai mult dac\u0103 ob\u0163ine \u015fi voturile tat\u0103lui s\u0103u. Pentru a fi urm\u0103tori programului nostru, propun s\u0103 reunim toate voturile noastre asupra unei singure persoane pe care o iubim, o respect\u0103m, care ofer\u0103 toate garan\u0163iile prin trecutul s\u0103u, prin caracterul s\u0103u. Cine? Eu sunt gata s\u0103 m\u0103 dezic de candidatura mea, sus\u0163inut\u0103 de 16 membri, \u00een favoarea lui Negri, cu condi\u0163ia totu\u015fi ca to\u0163i candida\u0163ii s\u0103-mi imite exemplul”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Apoi, lu\u00e2nd \u00een parte pe fiecare candidat. „Dl. Mavrogheni, v\u0103 dezice\u0163i \u00een favoarea lui Negri?”<\/em> – Da !”;<\/em> apoi, f\u0103cu la fel Lasc\u0103r Rosetti \u015fi Kog\u0103lniceanu. Numai Lasc\u0103r Catargi a refuzat, zic\u00e2nd c\u0103 Negri era un comunist care vroia s\u0103 \u00eempart\u0103 propriet\u0103\u0163ile \u0163\u0103ranilor. Mare ceart\u0103, care devine violent\u0103, \u00eentre Lasc\u0103r Catargi \u015fi Kog\u0103lniceanu. Kog\u0103lniceanu a declarat c\u0103-l va combate pe via\u0163\u0103 \u015fi pe moarte, pentru c\u0103 \u00eel consider\u0103 ca pe reprezentantul reac\u0163iunii. \u00cen urma acestei discu\u0163ii, adunarea s-a risipit.<\/p>\n

De\u015fi D. A. Sturdza este de p\u0103rere c\u0103 Alecsandri s-a luptat pentru candidatura personal\u0103, totu\u015fi nu se poate pune la \u00eendoial\u0103 sinceritatea proiectului comunicat fratelui s\u0103u de c\u0103tre poet din scrisoarea din 1\/13 ianuarie: \u201e\u00cen seara aceasta, sunt hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 m\u0103 duc la reuniunea preg\u0103titoare a partidei na\u0163ionale pentru a le declara c\u0103 este un spectacol ru\u015finos acela pe care prin mizerabila noastr\u0103 dezbinare \u00eel oferim \u0163\u0103rii, c\u0103 toate partidele trebuie s\u0103 se contopeasc\u0103 \u00eentr-unul singur pentru a salva situa\u0163ia, pentru a-l combate victorios pe Mihail \u015fi Grigore Sturdza \u015fi c\u0103, pentru un asemenea rezultat, eu cel dint\u00e2i m\u0103 dezic de toate drepturile mele \u00een favoarea lui Negri, care este destinat de Providen\u0163\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eempace toate partidele”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Discursul lui Vasile Alecsandri, din seara de 3 ianuarie, a avut darul s\u0103-i conving\u0103 pe to\u0163i umani\u015ftii, \u00een afara lui Lasc\u0103r Catargi, pe care \u00eel speriase atitudinea lui Costache Negri din Divanul ad-hoc, \u00een problema \u0163\u0103r\u0103neasc\u0103. R\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd doar doi candida\u0163i, Negri \u015fi Catargi, Kog\u00e2lniceanu, \u00een urma unei violente discu\u0163ii avute cu acesta din urm\u0103, a preferat s\u0103 se retrag\u0103 din adunarea de la Elefant; el acceptase ini\u0163ial candidatura lui Negri, \u015fi nu pentru c\u0103 era mare boier, a\u015fa cum a fost acuzat, ci pentru c\u0103 nu s-a sfiit de pleda cu curaj \u015fi independen\u0163\u0103 cauza \u0163\u0103ranilor.<\/p>\n

Dar, apare \u00een c\u0103r\u0163i colonelul Cuza…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Noaptea, pe la ora 2 diminea\u0163a, partida d-lui Alecsandri se aduna la Panait Cazimir \u015fi decide c\u0103 voturile nu vor fi date lui Negri. Pentru ce? Mai cu seama pentru ceea ce s-a spus: faptul c\u0103 Negri era cumnatul lui Vogoride. To\u0163i au fost foarte \u00eencurca\u0163i. Atunci, unul dintre ei – Docan, Pisoski sau Cracti – pronun\u0163\u0103 numele lui Cuza; to\u0163i accept\u0103 aceasta candidatur\u0103.<\/p>\n

La 4, seara, la noua adunare, V. Alecsandri afl\u0103, nu f\u0103r\u0103 mirare, c\u0103 colonelul Cuza este candidatul definitiv. Pentru ce? Cum? Cuza era din partida liberat\u0103, nevr\u00e2nd pe Negri, a fost acceptat de partizanii lui Alecsandri. La adunarea preg\u0103titoare, hot\u0103r\u00e2t\u0103 pentru seara, to\u0163i cei 31 din partida na\u0163ional\u0103 erau convoca\u0163i. Dar numai cei 16 \u015ftiau ca era ales Cuza.<\/p>\n

D. A. Sturdza \u00eenclin\u0103 s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 Al. I. Cuza era candidatul partidului de mici boieri care se str\u00e2nseser\u0103 \u00een jurul lui Alecsandri: \u201eDac\u0103 Cuza nu era de atunci candidatul acestui partid, \u00een orice caz, \u00ee\u015fi preg\u0103tea deja terenul pentru a ajunge la tron! \u015eansele erau c\u0103 apar\u0163inea unei familii care putea tot a\u015fa de bine s\u0103 fie socotit\u0103 \u00eentre marile familii ca \u015fi \u00eentre cele mijlocii, c\u0103 nu-\u015fi anun\u0163ase \u00eenc\u0103 ideile despre chestiunile sociale \u015fi c\u0103 venise ultimul \u00een discu\u0163ie, \u00een timp ce ceilal\u0163i erau uza\u0163i”<\/em>. Dup\u0103 p\u0103rerea lui, c\u00e2nd \u00eencordarea \u00een partida na\u0163ionala a ajuns la culme, a \u00eenceput Cuza s\u0103 se agite mai pe fa\u0163\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103-\u015fi formeze un partid. Alecsandri, v\u0103z\u00e2nd c\u0103 nu putea s\u0103 reu\u015feasc\u0103 cu niciun pre\u0163, i-a dat \u00een secret parte din voturile sale \u015fi de acum \u00eenainte au f\u0103cut planul. Sturdza mai pretinde a \u015fti despre Cuza c\u0103, dup\u0103 alegerea sa, a declarat el \u00eensu\u015fi c\u0103 s-a \u0163inut de-o parte la \u00eenceput, de\u015fi mai mul\u0163i prieteni l-au sf\u0103tuit s\u0103 intre \u00een lupt\u0103, numai pentru a-i l\u0103sa pe adversarii s\u0103i s\u0103 se uzeze.<\/p>\n

Notele culese de Baligot de Beyne ne pun \u00eens\u0103 la \u00eendem\u00e2n\u0103 o informa\u0163ie pre\u0163ioas\u0103, care infirm\u0103 p\u0103rerile lui D. A. Sturdza. Alecsandri a fost complet str\u0103in de hot\u0103r\u00e2rea membrilor partidului sau de a-\u015fi alege candidat pe Cuza, liberal ca \u015fi ei. Nemul\u0163umi\u0163i c\u0103 nu au fost consulta\u0163i \u00een prealabil, ei erau ostili lui Negri pentru c\u0103 era cumnat cu odiosul fost caimacam, N. Vogoride. Alarma aleg\u0103torilor s-a dovedit a fi ne\u00eendrept\u0103\u0163it\u0103. Nu numai c\u0103 C. Negri a fost \u00eentotdeauna \u00eempotriva cumnatului s\u0103u, ci \u015fi so\u0163ia acestuia, Cocu\u0163a Conachi, sora lui Negri, a comb\u0103tut atitudinea antiunionist\u0103 a so\u0163ului ei. Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea aleg\u0103torilor s\u0103i l-a surprins pe Alecsandri \u015fi poate chiar l-a ofensat.<\/p>\n

A\u015fadar, \u015fedin\u0163a de alegere a candidatului. Au fost distribuite bilete, fiecare invitat s\u0103 scrie numele candidatului s\u0103u. Negri – 15, Cuza – 13 Mavrogheni – 3. Trebuiau 16 voturi. Exact un vot i-a lipsit lui Costache Negri s\u0103 devin\u0103 domnitor \u00een locul lui Cuza.<\/p>\n

Urmeaz\u0103 un alt tur de vot. Mavrogheni, de\u015fi avea doar 3 voturi, nu a declarat c\u0103 se retrage. Kog\u0103lniceanu, \u00eenainte de votare, a avut o discu\u0163ie cu L. Catargi \u015fi s-a retras. V\u0103z\u00e2nd aceasta, Rolla a pus s\u0103 \u00eenchid\u0103 u\u015fa cu cheia \u015fi a pus-o \u00een buzunar. Mavrogheni a le\u015finat \u00eentr-o camera al\u0103turat\u0103. Apoi, \u00eenc\u0103 un tur de vot: se form\u0103 o nou\u0103 majoritate, iar Cuza este salutat ca domn.<\/p>\n

Important este faptul c\u0103 numele lui Cuza o avut darul s\u0103 potoleasc\u0103 spiritele \u00eenvr\u0103jbite ale numero\u015filor candida\u0163i \u015fi c\u0103, \u00een unanimitate, au semnat \u00een aceea\u015fi noapte procesul-verbai prin care declarau: \u201eAst\u0103zi \u00een 3 ghenarie anul 1859, Partida na\u0163ional\u0103 independent\u0103, \u00eentrunindu-se \u00een \u015fedin\u0163\u0103 \u015fi p\u0103\u015find la scrutin pentru alegerea candidatului la domnie, pe care cu to\u0163ii cu onor ne \u00eendator\u0103m a sus\u0163ine \u00een Adunare, prin vot pe fa\u0163\u0103, au ales cu majoritate absoluta de candidat la domnia Moldovei pe colonelul Alecu Cuza”<\/em>. Urmau semn\u0103turile…<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cemprejur\u0103rile \u00een care Cuza a fost ales domn al Moldovei sunt \u00eendeob\u015fte cunoscute. Compar\u00e2nd m\u0103rturiile contemporanilor, precum \u015fi relat\u0103rile istoricilor, se pot constata unele contradic\u0163ii pe care datele cunoscute p\u00e2n\u0103 ast\u0103zi nu le-au putut clarifica. Principala \u00eentrebare este dac\u0103 alegerea … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54460,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,2833],"tags":[994,1188,2500,12290,4977,829,12288,12284,976,1428,202,329,1532,12285,12287,376,500,377,12289,268,215,134,1642,12286,2557],"class_list":["post-54457","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","category-noutati","tag-alecsandri","tag-bals","tag-boier","tag-caimacam","tag-colonel","tag-constantinopol","tag-costache-conachi","tag-costache-negri","tag-cuza-voda","tag-domnitor","tag-franta","tag-iasi","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-kogalniceanu","tag-lascar-catargi","tag-mavrocordat","tag-mavrogheni","tag-moldova","tag-mosie","tag-muzeu","tag-poet","tag-sturdza","tag-tarani","tag-vogoride","tag-vot","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nDin enigmele unei alegeri controversate: \u00een 1859, trebuia s\u0103 fie ales domnitor poetul Costache Negri, \u00een loc de Al. 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