{"id":54256,"date":"2018-01-07T23:14:33","date_gmt":"2018-01-07T21:14:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=54256"},"modified":"2018-01-07T23:14:33","modified_gmt":"2018-01-07T21:14:33","slug":"unul-dintre-cei-mai-mari-criminali-din-istorie-pol-pot-acest-om-a-ucis-indirect-peste-2-milioane-de-oameni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/unul-dintre-cei-mai-mari-criminali-din-istorie-pol-pot-acest-om-a-ucis-indirect-peste-2-milioane-de-oameni\/","title":{"rendered":"Unul dintre cei mai mari criminali din istorie &#8211; Pol Pot. Acest om a ucis indirect peste 2 milioane de oameni&#8230;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Pol-Pot.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-54258\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Pol-Pot.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"335\" height=\"190\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Pol-Pot.jpg 335w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/Pol-Pot-300x170.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/><\/a>Saloth Sar, cunoscut mai bine ca Pol Pot, s-a n\u0103scut \u00een Indochina francez\u0103 (actuala provincie cambodgian\u0103 Kompong Thom) \u00een anul 1928. \u00cen 1949 a c\u00e2\u015ftigat o burs\u0103 pentru a studia ingineria radio la Paris, unde a devenit comunist \u015fi s-a al\u0103turat unei grup\u0103ri a khmerilor comuni\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>S-a \u00eentors \u00een Cambodgia \u00een 1953, c\u00e2nd \u00eencepuse revolta condus\u0103 de comuni\u015fti \u00eempotriva ocupa\u0163iei franceze. Revolta a izbucnit \u00een Vietnam, dar s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit \u00een statele vecine Laos \u015fi Cambodgia. Saloth Sar s-a al\u0103turat Viet-Minhului, dar a constatat dezam\u0103git c\u0103 organiza\u0163ia era interesat\u0103 doar de Vietnam, nu \u015fi de eliberarea Laosului sau a Cambodgiei.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen 1954, dup\u0103 plecarea francezilor, regele Sihanouk a anun\u0163at alegeri, apoi a abdicat \u015fi a format un partid politic, pentru a putea participa la alegeri. Folosindu-\u015fi numele, popularitatea \u015fi destule metode de intimidare, Sihanouk a c\u00e2\u015ftigat \u015fi a \u00eenl\u0103turat opozi\u0163ia comunist\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Urm\u0103rit de poli\u0163ia secret\u0103 a lui Sihanouk, Pol Pot a petrecut 12 ani ascuns, timp \u00een care s-a ocupat cu instruirea de recru\u0163i. La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anilor 1960, Lon Noi, ministrul de interne al lui Sihanouk, a \u00eenceput s\u0103 \u00eentreprind\u0103 ac\u0163iuni brutale \u00eempotriva revolu\u0163ionarilor care se autointitulau Partidul Comunist din Kampuchia. Pol Pot a pornit o revolt\u0103 \u00eenarmat\u0103 \u00eempotriva guvernului Sihanouk, av\u00e2nd sus\u0163inerea Chinei. \u00cen anul 1970, generalul Lon Noi, sprijinit acum de americani, l-a r\u0103sturnat pe Sihanouk de la putere; americanii considerau c\u0103 Sihanouk oferea ajutor Viet-Congului \u00een Vietnam. Sihanouk s-a aliat cu Pol Pot.<\/p>\n<p>Pre\u015fedintele Nixon a ordonat invadarea Cambodgiei, pentru a distruge taberele de refugia\u0163i ai Viet-Congului din apropierea grani\u0163ei cu Vietnamul. Bombardamentele americane i-au determinat pe mul\u0163i cambodgieni s\u0103-l sprijine pe Pol Pot \u015fi, \u00een scurt timp, Lon Noi \u015fi-a limitat controlul doar asupra ora\u015felor. Ascensiunea lui Pol Pot s-a datorat r\u0103zboiului din Vietnam \u015fi neinspiratei invazii americane \u00een Cambodgia.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 plecarea trupelor americane din Vietnam \u00een 1973, Viet-Congul a p\u0103r\u0103sit Cambodgia, dar Partidul Comunist din Kampuchia a continuat lupta. Guvernul generalului Lon Noi s-a pr\u0103bu\u015fit, iar Lon Noi a fugit \u00een SUA. Sihanouk a revenit la putere \u00een 1975, \u00eens\u0103 pu\u0163ini mai erau interesa\u0163i de planul s\u0103u de restaurare a monarhiei. \u00cen anul urm\u0103tor, Partidul Comunist i-a impus domiciliu for\u0163at lui Sihanouk, iar \u00een luna mai Pol Pot a fost numit prim-ministru al Cambodgiei.<\/p>\n<p>Pol Pot a introdus devastatoare reforme socialiste. Regiunile rurale fuseser\u0103 pustiite de luptele de gheril\u0103 \u015fi bombardamentele americane, iar ora\u015fele deveniser\u0103 suprapopulate de refugia\u0163i. Pol Pot a evacuat ora\u015fele supraaglomerate &#8211; Phnom Penh crescuse cu un milion de oameni \u00eenainte de 1976 -, pentru a repopula regiunile rurale pustiite. Toate propriet\u0103\u0163ile au devenit comune. Mul\u0163i politicieni, oficiali \u015fi intelectuali care au refuzat s\u0103 participe la revolu\u0163ie au fost uci\u015fi. Phnom Penh a devenit un ora\u015f fantom\u0103. Aceste schimb\u0103ri dureroase \u015fi catastrofale s-au soldat cu mii de victime. Unii au murit de inani\u0163ie, al\u0163ii din cauza bolilor, al\u0163ii executa\u0163i. Este posibil ca num\u0103rul total al mor\u0163ilor s\u0103 fi ajuns la dou\u0103 milioane.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen 1978, Vietnamul a invadat Cambodgia, \u00eenving\u00e2nd cu u\u015furin\u0163\u0103 for\u0163a defensiv\u0103 cambodgian\u0103. Pol Pot a fugit spre frontiera cu Thailanda, unde se g\u0103sea mai \u00een siguran\u0163\u0103. Mul\u0163i cambodgieni din estul \u0163\u0103rii au trecut de partea vietnamezilor, tem\u00e2ndu-se s\u0103 nu fie acuza\u0163i de colabora\u0163ionism, dar Pol Pot a continuat luptele \u00een vest. P\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi China a intervenit temporar, \u00eentr-un scurt r\u0103zboi sino-vietnamez.<\/p>\n<p>Statele Unite l-au sus\u0163inut \u015fi ele pe Pol Pot, pe de o parte fiindc\u0103 era considerat antisovietic, \u015fi au agreat formarea unei alian\u0163e \u00eempotriva Vietnamului \u00eentre Pol Pot, Sihanouk \u015fi na\u0163ionalistul Son San. \u00cen acest scop, Pol Pot a demisionat oficial \u00een 1985, r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd totu\u015fi liderul Partidul Comunist din Cambodgia. \u00cen 1989, Vietnamul s-a retras din Cambodgia. Pol Pot n-a fost de acord s\u0103 coopereze pentru procesul de pace \u015fi a luptat \u00eempotriva noului guvern de coali\u0163ie. \u00cens\u0103 solda\u0163ii lui demoraliza\u0163i, care se \u00eentrebau probabil pentru ce mai luptau acum, au \u00eenceput s\u0103 dezerteze.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen 1997, Pol Pot l-a executat pe Son Sen, care fusese mult timp m\u00e2na sa dreapt\u0103, c\u00e2nd acesta a propus \u00eencheierea unei \u00een\u0163elegeri cu guvernul. Pol Pot a fost arestat ulterior de Ta Mok, conduc\u0103torul militar al khmerilor ro\u015fii, \u015fi a fost condamnat la domiciliu for\u0163at pe via\u0163\u0103. \u00een aprilie 1998, \u00een urma unui atac re\u00eennoit al for\u0163elor guvernamentale, Ta Mok s-a refugiat \u00een jungl\u0103, lu\u00e2ndu-1 \u015fi pe Pol Pot. Dup\u0103 c\u00e2teva zile, pe 15 aprilie, Pol Pot a decedat la v\u00e2rsta de 72 de ani. S-a spus c\u0103 a murit \u00een urma unui infarct, ceea ce este posibil, dar pare mai probabil s\u0103 fi fost ucis de cei care-l \u0163ineau prizonier.<\/p>\n<p>Prin prelungirea continu\u0103 a luptelor, Pol Pot a cauzat cambodgienilor suferin\u0163e nem\u0103surate. Transform\u0103rile lui socialiste revolu\u0163ionare din ora\u015fe \u015fi sate \u00een perioada c\u00e2t a fost la putere au dus la perturb\u0103ri economice \u015fi sociale \u00eensemnate. Au murit enorm de mul\u0163i oameni. Pol Pot \u00eensu\u015fi a estimat c\u0103 num\u0103rul victimelor pricinuite de el a atins aproape un milion, dar este foarte posibil ca acest num\u0103r s\u0103 fi dep\u0103\u015fit dou\u0103 milioane.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Saloth Sar, cunoscut mai bine ca Pol Pot, s-a n\u0103scut \u00een Indochina francez\u0103 (actuala provincie cambodgian\u0103 Kompong Thom) \u00een anul 1928. \u00cen 1949 a c\u00e2\u015ftigat o burs\u0103 pentru a studia ingineria radio la Paris, unde a devenit comunist \u015fi s-a &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Unul dintre cei mai mari criminali din istorie &#8211; Pol Pot. 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Acest om a ucis indirect peste 2 milioane de oameni&#8230;\">Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,2833],"tags":[9146,3851,446,3897,84,4464,6983,1532,5539,151,836,4920,5859,73,9701,453,23,666,265],"class_list":["post-54256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","category-noutati","tag-bombardament","tag-cambodgia","tag-china","tag-comunisti","tag-dictator","tag-guvern","tag-indochina","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-laos","tag-oras","tag-paris","tag-partid","tag-pol-pot","tag-razboi","tag-refugiati","tag-rege","tag-sua","tag-thailanda","tag-vietnam","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.3 (Yoast SEO v24.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Unul dintre cei mai mari criminali din istorie - Pol Pot. 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