{"id":53585,"date":"2017-11-09T14:04:37","date_gmt":"2017-11-09T12:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=53585"},"modified":"2017-11-09T14:04:37","modified_gmt":"2017-11-09T12:04:37","slug":"capitanul-costache","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/capitanul-costache\/","title":{"rendered":"Legenda incredibil\u0103 a C\u0103pitanului Costache, poli\u0163istul-monstru care a b\u0103gat spaima \u00een bucure\u015fteni"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Cei mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 din Bucure\u015fti poate au auzit sau mai spun c\u00e2teodat\u0103 expresia „Dar ce, suntem pe vremea lui c\u0103pitan Costache?”<\/em>. Dar, c\u0103pitanul Costache n-a fost un vis, o iluzie, un personaj legendar, ci o realitate, o realitate dureroas\u0103, care, \u00een genera\u0163iile trecute, a l\u0103sat urme vindecate cu mult\u0103 greutate. Despre el s-a dus faima, acest poli\u0163ist din Bucure\u015ftii secolului al XIX-lea asuprind \u015fi schingiuind nu numai pe cei vinova\u0163i, dar de multe ori \u015fi pe cei f\u0103r\u0103 nicio vin\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cum a ajuns Costache Chiorul s\u0103 conduc\u0103 ordinea public\u0103 \u00een Bucure\u015fti<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u0103pitan Costache (sau Costache Chilinia, poreclit ,,Chiorul\u201c) a intrat \u00een serviciul Agiei bucure\u015ftene (Poli\u0163iei)\u00a0\u00een 1824, dar teribila sa faim\u0103 s-a accentuat prin 1830 \u015fi, mai cu seam\u0103 \u00een jurul anului 1840, pe vremea c\u00e2nd \u015fef al poli\u0163iei din Bucure\u015fti era fostul mare logof\u0103t Manolache (Emanoil) Florescu (1836-1842). \u00cen aceasta vreme, Costache Chihaia era comandantul doroban\u0163ilor agie\u015fti, adic\u0103 al corpului de slujba\u015fi de poli\u0163ie – 50 la num\u0103r -, care asigura ordinea \u015fi paza \u00een capitala \u0163\u0103rii. Poli\u0163ia se numea Agie, fiindc\u0103 alt\u0103dat\u0103 \u015feful s\u0103u era ag\u0103 sau vel-ag\u0103, boier de categoria a doua. \u015ei pentru c\u0103 de\u0163in\u0103torii func\u0163iilor \u00een stat erau ale\u015fi dintre boieri si boierna\u015fi, \u00eensu\u015fi Costache Chihaia era serdar.<\/p>\n

Manolache Florescu, \u015feful Agiei, avea o cas\u0103 de copii – doi b\u0103ie\u0163i \u015fi cinci fete – \u015fi trecuse de v\u00e2rsta c\u00e2nd putea s\u0103 fac\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 ostenelilor pe care le pretindea func\u0163ia de \u015fef al poli\u0163iei. Se mul\u0163umea cu veniturile Agiei, legale \u015fi extralegale, \u015fi se sprijinea pe doi-trei subalterni c\u0103rora le d\u0103duse m\u00e2n\u0103 liber\u0103 \u015fi care-l ascultau orbe\u015fte. \u00centre ace\u015ftia, c\u0103pitan Costache era cel dint\u00e2i, fiindc\u0103 el de\u0163inea for\u0163a de execu\u0163ie cu care \u0163inea ora\u015ful \u00een m\u00e2ini.<\/p>\n

\u00cen octombrie 1842, Alexandru Ghica Vod\u0103 a fost silit s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 domnia, iar \u00een ianuarie 1843 a venit domn Gheorghe Bibescu. Prin ofisul din 29 iunie 1843, acesta alc\u0103tuia un nou guvern, \u00een care b\u00e2tr\u00e2nul Manolache Florescu, socrul fratelui domnului, a fost numit \u015feful Departamentului Credin\u0163ei, \u00een locul lui fiind adus, ca \u015fef al Agiei, vel-logof\u0103tul Iancu Manu, de asemenea rud\u0103 a lui Bibescu. Aceast\u0103 schimbare a bucurat cel mai mult pe \u015feful doroban\u0163ilor, c\u0103pitanul Costache, care era un vechi devorat al noului numit.<\/p>\n

Teroarea b\u0103gat\u0103 de Costache Chiorul \u00een bucure\u015fteni<\/strong><\/p>\n

Timp de 26 de ani, protejatul celor doi boieri care au condus poli\u0163ia Capitalei a fost biciul de foc \u015fi urgia unei popula\u0163ii \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2ntate \u015fi terorizate p\u00e2n\u0103 dincolo de marginile r\u0103bd\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

Costache Chiorul n-a fost dec\u00e2t un sinistru tip de poli\u0163ist samavolnic \u015fi hr\u0103p\u0103re\u0163, care reu\u015fise s\u0103 dea numelui s\u0103u echivalen\u0163a unui strig\u0103t de groaz\u0103. Faima sa p\u0103trunsese deopotriv\u0103 \u00eentre negustorii \u015fi mahalagiii pa\u015fnici \u015fi cinsti\u0163i ai Bucure\u015ftilor, ca \u015fi \u00eentre vagabonzii, borfa\u015fii \u015fi t\u00e2lharii de toate categoriile, care jecm\u0103neau sau jefuiau la drumul mare. \u015ei, pentru oamenii timora\u0163i dar pa\u015fnici \u015fi corec\u0163i, ca \u015fi pentru r\u0103uf\u0103c\u0103torii foarte numero\u015fi ai epocii, c\u0103pitanul Costache era omul f\u0103r\u0103 mil\u0103, care te jefuia de ultimul ban din pung\u0103.<\/p>\n

De\u015fi s-au bucurat de o trist\u0103 faim\u0103, care s-a prelungit mult\u0103 vreme dup\u0103 ce ie\u015fise din actualitate, faptele c\u0103pitanului Costache se cunosc \u00eens\u0103 mai pu\u0163in. Eroii s\u0103i fiind \u00een cea mai mare m\u0103sur\u0103 oameni simpli, buni \u015fi r\u0103i, f\u0103r\u0103 situa\u0163ie social\u0103, obi\u015fnui\u0163i s\u0103 rabde \u015fi s\u0103 tac\u0103, au f\u0103cut ca faptele sale s\u0103 fie \u00een\u0103bu\u015fite \u00een beciurile Agiei, de unde strig\u0103tele de suferin\u0163\u0103 rareori r\u0103zbateau p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een strad\u0103. Din aceast\u0103 pricin\u0103, ispr\u0103vile sale, nesf\u00e2r\u015fit de multe \u015fi s\u00e2ngeroase, au intrat toate \u00een uitare. A r\u0103mas \u00eens\u0103 de pomin\u0103 sistemul s\u0103u, metoda de a face cercet\u0103ri, gama variat\u0103 a mijloacelor de a schingiui ca s\u0103 ob\u0163in\u0103 m\u0103rturisirea convenabil\u0103. Totu\u015fi, c\u00e2teva din faptele sale care ilustreaz\u0103 sistemul ne sunt cunoscute din cartea lui Alexandru Antemireanu, care oglinde\u015fte sinistrul personaj \u00een preajma anului revolu\u0163ionar 1848.<\/p>\n

\u00ce\u015fi \u00eensu\u015fea prada jefuitorilor…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jefuitorii \u015fi t\u00e2lharii aveau la Agie un tratament special: b\u0103taia cu g\u00e2rbaciul (g\u00e2rbaciul este un bici f\u0103cut din mai multe curele \u00eempletite, uneori cu v\u00e2rfurile plumbuite sau din v\u00e2n\u0103 de bou). <\/span>B\u0103taia era argumentul cel mai conving\u0103tor, nu ca s\u0103 scoat\u0103 m\u0103rturisirea adev\u0103rului, ci ca s\u0103 indice locul unde a fost ascuns\u0103 prada. Ceea ce-l interesa pe Costache Chiorul era s\u0103 afle unde sunt ascun\u015fi banii \u015fi obiectele jefuite, dar nu pentru a fi \u00eenapoiate celui p\u0103gubit. Nu, goana dup\u0103 aceast\u0103 prad\u0103 era n\u0103scut\u0103 mai mult din nesecata poft\u0103 de \u00eenavu\u0163ire a acestui om al st\u0103p\u00e2nirii. Dup\u0103 ce afla ce-l interesa, Costache \u00eel f\u0103cea sc\u0103pat pe punga\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u00cen sistemul poli\u0163ist al c\u0103pitanului Costache, perchezi\u0163iile domiciliare ocupau un loc important. Ele erau prilej de \u00eensu\u015fire a unor lucruri de folos pentru necesit\u0103\u0163i proprii, mai ales c\u00e2nd se c\u0103utau obiectele jefuite, care \u00eel f\u0103ceau s\u0103 r\u0103scoleasc\u0103 tot \u015fi s\u0103 \u00eentoarc\u0103 pe dos casa b\u0103nuit\u0103.<\/p>\n

C\u0103pitanul Costache fugi ca un la\u015f de revolu\u0163ionarii pa\u015fopti\u015fti<\/strong><\/p>\n

La \u00eenceputul verii anului 1848, c\u00e2nd \u00een Bucure\u015fti se ar\u0103tau simptomele unei agita\u0163ii \u00een r\u00e2ndurile tineretului \u015fi ale negustorilor, c\u0103pitanul Costache a r\u0103mas devotat regimului. Supraveghea toate casele \u201esuspecte” \u00een care se adunau revolu\u0163ionarii. Afl\u00e2nd c\u0103 sunt supraveghea\u0163i, cei mai mul\u0163i dintre revolu\u0163ionari au reu\u015fit s\u0103 fug\u0103 din Bucure\u015fti. Departamentul din N\u0103untru (a\u015fa se chema atunci Ministerul de Interne) \u00eei d\u0103du serdarului Costache m\u00e2n\u0103 liber\u0103 ca s\u0103 cerceteze toat\u0103 \u0163ara pentru a-i prinde pe fra\u0163ii Golescu, pe Ion Heliade R\u0103dulescu, pe Grigore Gr\u0103di\u015fteanu, pe Alecu Paleologu \u015fi pe al\u0163i revolu\u0163ionari care au fugit din Capital\u0103 pentru a ajunge \u00een Transilvania.<\/p>\n

Dar, cei mai mul\u0163i dintre revolu\u0163ionarii pa\u015fopti\u015fti n-au mai plecat \u00een Transilvania, ci s-au aflat la Islaz, form\u00e2nd o mul\u0163ime imens\u0103 care pornise spre Capital\u0103. A doua zi, la 11 iunie 1848, c\u00e2nd mul\u0163imea din ora\u015f se \u00eendrepta valuri-valuri spre palatul domnesc pentru a supune lui Gheorghe Bibescu proiectul de constitu\u0163ie, c\u0103pitan Costache \u015fi doroban\u0163ii s\u0103i aveau porunc\u0103 s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 mul\u0163imea \u015fi s-o \u00eempr\u0103\u015ftie. El \u015fi-a desf\u0103\u015furat doroban\u0163ii la capul unei str\u0103zi, hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 \u00eenfrunte mul\u0163imea ce venea c\u00e2nt\u00e2nd \u015fi strig\u00e2nd lozinci revolu\u0163ionare. C\u0103pitanul Costache, v\u0103z\u00e2nd mul\u0163imea aceea imens\u0103 \u00eenaint\u00e2nd, \u015fi-a dat seama c\u0103 nu-i va face fa\u0163\u0103, dar totu\u015fi nu se clinti din loc.<\/p>\n

Doi doroban\u0163i c\u0103zur\u0103 r\u0103ni\u0163i de pe cai; o piatr\u0103 zv\u00e2rlit\u0103 cu putere izbi drept \u00een cap calul pe care se \u0163inea c\u0103pitan Costache. Animalul se poticni, iar Costache c\u0103zu de pe cal; doroban\u0163ii n\u0103v\u0103lir\u0103 \u00een jurul lui. \u00cel ridicar\u0103 de jos pe c\u0103pitan \u015fi-l a\u015fezar\u0103 din nou pe cal. Dar c\u0103z\u0103tura aceasta, ca prin farmec, \u00eei risipise tot curajul de p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci, \u015fi, c\u0103pitanul Costache, cum se v\u0103zu din nou c\u0103lare, \u00eentoarse calul \u015fi o lu\u0103 la fug\u0103, cu to\u0163i doroban\u0163ii lui.<\/p>\n

C\u0103pitanul Costache \u00ee\u015fi face biciul „din piele de rom\u00e2n”…<\/strong><\/p>\n

La scurt\u0103 vreme dup\u0103 instaurarea puterii revolu\u0163ionare, aceasta a fost dat\u0103 jos la 20 iunie 1848 de for\u0163ele reac\u0163ionare, iar, \u00eencep\u00e2nd de atunci o teroare groaznic\u0103 se dezl\u0103n\u0163ui \u00eempotriva popula\u0163iei ora\u015fului. C\u0103pitanul Costache alerga ca un nebun pe str\u0103zile Capitalei, dintr-o mahala \u00een alta, \u015fi striga \u00een gura mare ca s\u0103 bage groaza \u00een mul\u0163ime: \u201e\u00cemi voi \u00eempleti biciul cu piele de rom\u00e2n, \u00eemi voi zugr\u0103vi \u015feaua cu s\u00e2nge de rom\u00e2n, ca s\u0103 poat\u0103 \u0163ine mai bine minte rom\u00e2nul ce poate libertatea c\u00e2nd se \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 fie pe aici”<\/em>. \u00cen leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu aceste evenimente, Nicolae B\u0103lcescu, \u00eentr-o scrisoare trimis\u0103 lui Ion Chica la Constantinopol, relata: \u201eVestitul c\u0103pitan Costache iese cu biciul pe uli\u0163e”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Mai t\u00e2rziu, dup\u0103 \u00een\u0103bu\u015firea revolu\u0163iei \u015fi arestarea conduc\u0103torilor s\u0103i, \u00een Bucure\u015fti, trupele otomane trecur\u0103 la jafuri \u015fi siluiri, mai ales \u00een mahalaua Izvor, iar biciul doroban\u0163ilor \u015fi g\u00e2rbaciul lui c\u0103pitan Costache \u00eencepuser\u0103 a juca rolul de mai \u00eenainte.<\/p>\n

Era ur\u00e2t ca un demon<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oamenii c\u0103pitanului Costache r\u0103peau din mahalale fetele sau femeile care-i pl\u0103ceau. Acestea erau duse \u00een anumite case t\u0103inuite unde monstrul \u00ee\u015fi batea joc de ele \u015fi apoi cu amenin\u0163\u0103ri groaznice, s\u0103 nu spun\u0103 la nimeni nimic, le d\u0103dea drumul acas\u0103. Pentru acest motiv, mul\u0163i p\u0103rin\u0163i, fra\u0163i, rude sau logodnici ii jurau r\u0103zbunare, dar n-au izbutit s-o pun\u0103 \u00een practic\u0103.<\/p>\n

Era un om ur\u00e2t \u015fi r\u0103u ca un demon – \u201e\u00eentruchiparea r\u0103ului” – \u015fi, cu toate c\u0103, \u00een ultima vreme, era chior de un ochi, avea \u201eun ochiu de uliu”. Pe f\u0103c\u0103torii de rele care-i c\u0103deau \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103, dup\u0103 ce-i snopea \u00een b\u0103taie, ca s\u0103 m\u0103rturiseasc\u0103 \u015fi cele f\u0103cute \u015fi cele nef\u0103cute, \u00eei b\u0103ga \u00een \u00eenchisoarea de la Sf. Anton (Pia\u0163a de Flori) sau \u00eei trimitea la ani grei de temni\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n

Chiar oamenii cei mai r\u0103i nu doreau nici du\u015fmanilor lor s\u0103 intre \u00een m\u00eeinile lui c\u0103pitan Costache, pentru vreo b\u0103nuial\u0103 sau fapt\u0103 oarecare, iar cine avea aceast\u0103 nefericit\u0103 ocazie, apoi nu mai era om toat\u0103 via\u0163a. Mamele, ca s\u0103-\u015fi adune copiii de pe str\u0103zi sau \u00een alte ocazii de neascultare, \u00eei speriau cu vorbele: \u201eFugi c\u0103 vine c\u0103pitan Costache!” \u015fi at\u00e2t \u00eei trebuia micu\u0163ului ne\u00een\u0163eleg\u0103tor, c\u0103 imediat se \u015fi f\u0103cea nev\u0103zut; p\u0103r\u0103sea uli\u0163a sau maidanul \u015fi se ascundea c\u00e2t mai repede \u00een fundul cur\u0163ii sau in pivni\u0163a casei.<\/p>\n

Avar dup\u0103 bani<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu toate ca avea salariu bun, gratifica\u0163ii serioase, jafuri \u015fi nenum\u0103rate ciubucuri, c\u0103pitan Costache se \u00eemprumuta cu bani. De la unii lua sume relativ mici, pentru care nu d\u0103dea nicio chitan\u0163\u0103, dar nici nu-i \u00eenapoia vreodat\u0103, de la al\u0163ii \u00eens\u0103 primea sume destul de mari, pentru care d\u0103dea chiar zapis la m\u00e2n\u0103, pun\u00e2nd amanet pe cas\u0103, c\u0103 dac\u0103 nu va pl\u0103ti la timp, s\u0103 i se v\u00e2nd\u0103 la mezat (licita\u0163ie). De multe ori re\u0163inea cu lunile chiar salariile doroban\u0163ilor pe care-i comanda \u015fi pentru care \u00eencasa el banii.<\/p>\n

Serdarul Costache Chih\u0103iescu, a\u015fa cum a fost cunoscut \u00een ultima parte a vie\u0163ii sale, a locuit p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1838 \u00een casa fostei sale so\u0163ii U\u0163a din mahalaua bisericii Alba-Post\u0103vari, iar mai apoi \u015fi-a construit cas\u0103 proprie, departe de centrul ora\u015fului, pe actuala Cale a Plevnei, care se numea pe atunci uli\u0163a Podul de P\u0103m\u00e2nt. Casa lui c\u0103pitan Costache era mare \u015fi spa\u0163ioas\u0103, frumos \u015fi bogat mobilat\u0103, cu o gr\u0103din\u0103 \u00eentins\u0103. \u00cen curte avea o f\u00e2nt\u00e2n\u0103, cu ap\u0103 foarte s\u0103lcie, \u00een care se aruncau c\u0103p\u0103\u0163\u00e2ni de zah\u0103r s-o \u00eendulceasc\u0103, pentru a fi bun\u0103 de b\u0103ut.<\/p>\n

C\u0103pitanul Costache a fost c\u0103s\u0103torit de c\u00e2teva ori, dar numai cu cea din urm\u0103, cu Si\u0163a, a avut copii: trei b\u0103ie\u0163i \u015fi dou\u0103 fete. Costache Chiorul a murit b\u0103tr\u00e2n \u015fi a fost \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat \u00een curtea bisericii Sf. Constantin din Calea Plevnei.<\/p>\n

Sursa (adaptarea proprie):<\/em><\/strong> revista „Magazin istoric”<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cei mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 din Bucure\u015fti poate au auzit sau mai spun c\u00e2teodat\u0103 expresia „Dar ce, suntem pe vremea lui c\u0103pitan Costache?”. Dar, c\u0103pitanul Costache n-a fost un vis, o iluzie, un personaj legendar, ci o realitate, o realitate dureroas\u0103, … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":53586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,2833],"tags":[12140,12141,601,3785,1433,12142,1934,253,2137,827,240,1398,5960,12136,1103,3312,12147,829,3407,1428,12145,3936,274,12137,2781,164,12138,1532,4082,1899,2697,2769,12139,12143,166,151,1514,1953,1189,2476,410,2654,7754,302,1964,611,12144,2345,5499,494,12146,11308,1234],"class_list":["post-53585","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","category-noutati","tag-agie","tag-alexandru-ghica-voda","tag-apa","tag-balcescu","tag-bani","tag-bibescu","tag-bici","tag-biserica","tag-bou","tag-bucuresti","tag-cal","tag-cap","tag-capitan","tag-capitan-costache","tag-carte","tag-casa","tag-chitanta","tag-constantinopol","tag-demon","tag-domnitor","tag-dorobanti","tag-fantana","tag-femei","tag-golescu","tag-gradina","tag-inchisoare","tag-ion-heliade-radulescu","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-jaf","tag-legenda","tag-libertate","tag-logofat","tag-mahala","tag-negustor","tag-ochi","tag-oras","tag-piatra","tag-piele","tag-politie","tag-politist","tag-razbunare","tag-revolutia-de-la-1848","tag-revolutionar","tag-salariu","tag-sange","tag-scrisoare","tag-serdar","tag-strada","tag-talhar","tag-transilvania","tag-uliu","tag-vagabond","tag-zahar","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nLegenda incredibil\u0103 a C\u0103pitanului Costache, poli\u0163istul-monstru care a b\u0103gat spaima \u00een bucure\u015fteni - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/capitanul-costache\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Legenda incredibil\u0103 a C\u0103pitanului Costache, poli\u0163istul-monstru care a b\u0103gat spaima \u00een bucure\u015fteni\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cei mai \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 din Bucure\u015fti poate au auzit sau mai spun c\u00e2teodat\u0103 expresia „Dar ce, suntem pe vremea lui c\u0103pitan Costache?”. 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