{"id":46931,"date":"2016-12-17T12:35:56","date_gmt":"2016-12-17T10:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=46931"},"modified":"2016-12-17T12:36:38","modified_gmt":"2016-12-17T10:36:38","slug":"gigantica-armata-a-lui-napoleon-a-fost-zdrobita-in-rusia-de-catre-paduchi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/gigantica-armata-a-lui-napoleon-a-fost-zdrobita-in-rusia-de-catre-paduchi\/","title":{"rendered":"Gigantica armat\u0103 a lui Napoleon a fost zdrobit\u0103 \u00een Rusia de c\u0103tre&#8230; p\u0103duchi!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-46932\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/RUSIA-NAPOLEON.jpg\" alt=\"rusia-napoleon\" width=\"334\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/RUSIA-NAPOLEON.jpg 334w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/RUSIA-NAPOLEON-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/RUSIA-NAPOLEON-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/RUSIA-NAPOLEON-65x65.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 334px) 100vw, 334px\" \/>Istoria ne-a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat c\u0103 Napoleon, atunci c\u00e2nd a invadat Rusia \u00een 1812, a intrat \u00een Moscova cu armata sa, \u00een mare parte intact\u0103 \u0219i s-a retras doar pentru c\u0103 cet\u0103\u021benii din Moscova au ars trei sferturi din ora\u0219, lipsind armata de alimente \u0219i provizii. Apoi, iarna ruseasc\u0103 grea a creat pierderi grele armatei franceze, care s-a retras. Dar, adev\u0103rul a fost altul&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen Vilnius (Lituania), \u00een timpul iernii din 2001, muncitorii s\u0103pau ni\u015fte \u0219an\u021buri pentru linii telefonice \u015fi demolau vechile b\u0103r\u0103ci sovietice, care se aflau acolo de zeci de ani. Un buldozer descoperi craniul \u015fi oasele unei fiin\u0163e umane; ulterior, c\u00e2nd s-au f\u0103cut mai multe s\u0103p\u0103turi s-au g\u0103sit c\u00e2teva mii de schelete. Opt ani mai devreme, un morm\u00e2nt fusese g\u0103sit cu r\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele a 700 de persoane ucise de KGB. Putea fi \u015fi descoperirea de la Vilnius unul dintre acele locuri secrete unde KGB \u00ee\u015fi elimina victimele sale?<\/p>\n<p>Atunci c\u00e2nd arheologii de la Universitatea din Vilnius au sosit, au descoperit c\u0103 scheletele erau r\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele unor solda\u021bi. Dou\u0103 mii de schelete au fost dezgropate, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu centuri militare, dar \u015fi cu monede de 20 de franci dat\u00e2nd de la \u00eenceputul anilor 1800. \u00cen final, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u015fi-au dat seama ceea ce-au g\u0103sit: r\u0103m\u0103\u0219i\u021bele marii armate a lui Napoleon. Napoleon \u015fi-a dus 600.000 de oameni \u00een Rusia, cu inten\u021bia de a cuceri aceast\u0103 \u021bar\u0103; dintre ace\u015ftia, doar aproximativ 30.000 au supravie\u021buit, \u0219i din acest num\u0103r, se spune ca mai pu\u0163in de 1.000 au fost \u00een stare s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 \u00een serviciul militar.<\/p>\n<p>Ce circumstan\u021be incredibile ar fi cauzat \u00eenfr\u00e2ngerea uneia dintre cele mai mari armate de pe continentul european, conduse de unul dintre cei mai mari generali din toate timpurile? \u00cen mod surprinz\u0103tor, nu solda\u021bii inamici au devastat armata lui Napoleon \u015fi nici condi\u0163iile vitrege. Cei mai mul\u021bi dintre solda\u021bii s\u0103i erau b\u0103rba\u021bi tineri, c\u0103li\u0163i, care ar fi fost \u00een stare s\u0103 tolereze frigul, foamea, mar\u0219urile lungi \u015fi oboseala.<\/p>\n<p>Cel care a anihilat armata lui Napoleon \u015fi planurile sale m\u0103re\u0163e pentru cucerire a fost un organism microscopic, un microb care produce o boal\u0103 mortal\u0103 (tifosul) \u015fi care se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndea prin intermediul p\u0103duchilor.<\/p>\n<p>Ini\u0163ial, Napoleon nu a avut niciun motiv real pentru a invada Rusia. \u00cen timpul b\u0103t\u0103liei de la Friedland, \u00een iunie 1807, armata lui Napoleon a \u00eenvins armata rus\u0103, iar pe 7 iulie 1807, Fran\u021ba \u0219i Rusia au semnat Tratatul de la Tilsit, prin care cele dou\u0103 \u021b\u0103ri erau aliate. Tratatul prevedea printre altele \u015fi interzicerea Rusiei de a face afaceri cu Marea Britanie. P\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul anului 1812, Napoleon controla cea mai mare parte a \u0163\u0103rilor cuprinse \u00eentre Spania \u0219i Rusia. Cu toate acestea, Anglia control m\u0103rile, iar Napoleon \u00ee\u015fi dorea India, care era atunci colonie englez\u0103. Singura speran\u021ba a lui Napoleon de a lua India era s-o fac\u0103 pe uscat, ceea ce \u00eensemna controlul Rusiei. Profit\u00e2nd de faptul c\u0103 Rusia a \u00eenc\u0103lcat Tratatul de Tilsit (pentru c\u0103 f\u0103cea afaceri cu Marea Britanie), Napoleon s-a folosit de acest pretext pentru a ataca Rusia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen iunie 1812, armata lui Napoleon s-a adunat \u00een estul Germaniei \u015fi a pornit c\u0103tre Rusia. Armata francez\u0103 a ajuns la Vilnius \u00een patru zile, f\u0103r\u0103 nicio rezisten\u021b\u0103 din partea trupelor ruse\u0219ti. \u00cens\u0103, din Polonia armata lui Napoleon a \u00eenceput s\u0103 aib\u0103 probleme cu mizeria \u015fi igiena. Au \u00eenceput s\u0103 apar\u0103 boli infec\u0163ioase ca dezinteria \u015fi alte boli intestinale, care \u00eei decimau pe francezi. Apoi, a urmat dezastrul. Un num\u0103r tot mai mare de solda\u0163i francezi au \u00eenceput s\u0103 fac\u0103 febr\u0103 mare \u015fi o erup\u021bie ro\u0219ie s\u0103 apar\u0103 pe corpurile lor. Unii dintre ei au f\u0103cut o tent\u0103 alb\u0103struie pe fe\u021bele lor, iar ulterior au murit rapid. Tifosul \u015fi-a f\u0103cut apari\u021bia&#8230; Lipsa de salubritate, combinat\u0103 cu vara neobi\u0219nuit de cald\u0103 din 1812, a creat un mediu ideal pentru r\u0103sp\u00e2ndirea p\u0103duchilor. Abia dup\u0103 un secol, dup\u0103 campania 1812, oamenii de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 \u015fi-au dat seama c\u0103 tifosul se g\u0103se\u0219te \u00een fecalele de p\u0103duchi.<\/p>\n<p>\u015ei iat\u0103 cum ni\u015fte fiin\u0163e at\u00e2t de mici au putut \u00eengenunchia o armat\u0103 imens\u0103, care pu\u0163ini o puteau decima \u00een zilele acelea&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Sursa: <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/health_and_science\/pandemics\/2012\/12\/napoleon_march_to_russia_in_1812_typhus_spread_by_lice_was_more_powerful.single.html\" target=\"_blank\">slate.com<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Istoria ne-a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat c\u0103 Napoleon, atunci c\u00e2nd a invadat Rusia \u00een 1812, a intrat \u00een Moscova cu armata sa, \u00een mare parte intact\u0103 \u0219i s-a retras doar pentru c\u0103 cet\u0103\u021benii din Moscova au ars trei sferturi din ora\u0219, lipsind armata &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Gigantica armat\u0103 a lui Napoleon a fost zdrobit\u0103 \u00een Rusia de c\u0103tre&#8230; p\u0103duchi!\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/gigantica-armata-a-lui-napoleon-a-fost-zdrobita-in-rusia-de-catre-paduchi\/#more-46931\" aria-label=\"Cite\u0219te mai multe despre Gigantica armat\u0103 a lui Napoleon a fost zdrobit\u0103 \u00een Rusia de c\u0103tre&#8230; p\u0103duchi!\">Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":46932,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,2833],"tags":[7801,70,332,1496,1795,7485,202,5264,203,2326,619,1532,251,2768,392,1308,201,5667,861,583,73,48,7120,513,318,4309,6864,2250,11097],"class_list":["post-46931","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","category-noutati","tag-arheologi","tag-armata","tag-batalie","tag-craniu","tag-dezinterie","tag-febra","tag-franta","tag-general","tag-germania","tag-iarna","tag-india","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-kgb","tag-lituania","tag-marea-britanie","tag-moscova","tag-napoleon","tag-oase","tag-paduchi","tag-polonia","tag-razboi","tag-rusia","tag-schelete","tag-soldati","tag-spania","tag-tifos","tag-tratat","tag-universitate","tag-vilnius","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gigantica armat\u0103 a lui Napoleon a fost zdrobit\u0103 \u00een Rusia de c\u0103tre... p\u0103duchi! - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/gigantica-armata-a-lui-napoleon-a-fost-zdrobita-in-rusia-de-catre-paduchi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gigantica armat\u0103 a lui Napoleon a fost zdrobit\u0103 \u00een Rusia de c\u0103tre... p\u0103duchi!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Istoria ne-a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat c\u0103 Napoleon, atunci c\u00e2nd a invadat Rusia \u00een 1812, a intrat \u00een Moscova cu armata sa, \u00een mare parte intact\u0103 \u0219i s-a retras doar pentru c\u0103 cet\u0103\u021benii din Moscova au ars trei sferturi din ora\u0219, lipsind armata ... 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