{"id":4391,"date":"2009-04-07T21:11:43","date_gmt":"2009-04-07T18:11:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=4391"},"modified":"2009-04-08T09:19:38","modified_gmt":"2009-04-08T06:19:38","slug":"sabbatai-zevi-un-mesia-fals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/sabbatai-zevi-un-mesia-fals\/","title":{"rendered":"Sabbatai Zevi, un mesia fals"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"sabbatai-zevi\"Evreii, una dintre primele comunit\u0103\u0163i umane de religie monoteist\u0103, s-au considerat \u00eentotdeauna a fi un \u201epopor ales\u201d de divinitate, dar \u015fi greu \u00eencercat, pentru p\u0103catele sale, de-a lungul istoriei. Tocmai din acest motiv, evreii au crezut \u00een venirea unui \u201eMesia\u201d, menit s\u0103 r\u0103scumpere p\u0103catele lor \u015fi s\u0103-i \u00eempace cu Iahve. Totu\u015fi, ei nu l-au recunoscut pe Iisus drept Fiul lui Dumnezeu, ci continu\u0103 s\u0103-l a\u015ftepte chiar \u015fi \u00een zilele noastre pe promisul M\u00e2ntuitor. Pu\u0163ini \u015ftiu c\u0103, \u00een decursul secolelor, au existat c\u00e2\u0163iva autoproclama\u0163i \u201eMesia\u201d, dintre care cel mai vestit r\u0103m\u00e2ne Sabbatai Zevi.<\/p>\n

Povestea acestui personaj straniu pare demn\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 unui scriitor plin de imagina\u0163ie, dar este c\u00e2t se poate de autentic\u0103. \u015ei chiar dac\u0103 nu s-a dovedit a fi a\u015fteptatul Mesia, Zevi nu a fost, orice s-ar spune, un om obi\u015fnuit. Zevi s-a n\u0103scut \u00een ora\u015ful Smirna, pe 23 iulie 1626, \u00eentr-o familie iudaic\u0103 fugit\u0103 din Spania. Micul Sabbatai nu s-a ar\u0103tat prea atras de studiul c\u0103r\u0163ilor sacre ale evreilor, \u00een schimb a fost fascinat de tradi\u0163iile kabalistice \u015fi de misticism. Ca urmare, s-a dedicat cu pasiune kabalei practice, ce impunea mortificarea trupului prin ascetism \u2013 singura cale, credea el, de a putea comunica direct cu Dumnezeu \u015fi cu \u00eengerii, pentru a vedea viitorul \u015fi a s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fi miracole.<\/p>\n

Potrivit obiceiului iudaic, s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit la o v\u00e2rst\u0103 fraged\u0103, dar a evitat s\u0103 aib\u0103 leg\u0103turi cu so\u0163ia lui, motiv pentru care aceast\u0103 i-a cerut s\u0103 se despart\u0103, solicitare acceptat\u0103 cu bucurie de Sabbatai. Din cauza suprasolicit\u0103rii \u015fi a experimentelor psihice \u015fi fizice la care s-a supus, el a \u00eenceput s\u0103-\u015fi piard\u0103 echilibrul mintal. Iarna mergea aproape gol pe str\u0103zile ora\u015fului, f\u0103cea bai \u00een ap\u0103 \u00eenghe\u0163at\u0103 a m\u0103rii, postea zile \u00een \u015fir, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 se ating\u0103 nici de m\u00e2ncare, nici de b\u0103utur\u0103 \u015fi tr\u0103ia fie \u00eentr-o stare de extaz total, fie \u00eentr-o depresie profund\u0103.<\/p>\n

Anul 1666, anul „apocaliptic”<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Perioada respectiv\u0103, caracterizat\u0103 prin mari fr\u0103m\u00e2nt\u0103ri socio-politice, i-a oferit lui Sabbatai prilejul de a ie\u015fi \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103. Apropierea anului 1666, considerat \u201ean apocaliptic\u201d \u00eei \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2nt\u0103 \u00een egal\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 pe cre\u015ftini \u015fi pe evrei. Potrivit interpret\u0103rilor unor pasaje din Zohar<\/strong> (un faimos text mistic iudaic), mul\u0163i rabini au considerat c\u0103 anul 1648 va marca apari\u0163ia lui Mesia. Cum \u201ealesul\u201d \u00eent\u00e2rzia s\u0103 vin\u0103, Sabbatai nu a mai stat pe g\u00e2nduri: s-a decis s\u0103 joace el \u00eensu\u015fi acest rol. De\u015fi nu avea dec\u00e2t 22 de ani, el a reu\u015fit s\u0103 conving\u0103 mul\u0163i evrei din Smirna.<\/p>\n

Spre a atrage aten\u0163ia asupra sa, a citit Tetragrammatonul<\/strong> \u00een ebraic\u0103, ac\u0163iune permis\u0103 doar marilor sacerdo\u0163i iudei \u015fi numai \u00een Templul din Ierusalim. Dar v\u00e2lva creat\u0103 nu a fost a\u015fa de mare precum se a\u015ftepta, \u015fi astfel, \u00een loc s\u0103 se \u00eendrepte spre Ierusalim, cum \u00eei cereau adep\u0163ii s\u0103i, Sabbatai a preferat s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 la Smirna, duc\u00e2nd o via\u0163\u0103 retras\u0103, \u00een post \u015fi medita\u0163ie. Tocmai acest comportament de \u201esf\u00e2nt\u201d avea s\u0103-i aduc\u0103 \u015fi mai mul\u0163i aderen\u0163i.<\/p>\n

\u00cen anul 1651, autorit\u0103\u0163ile din Smirna, tem\u00e2ndu-se de o r\u0103zmeri\u0163\u0103, i-au alungat din ora\u015f pe \u201eprofet\u201d \u015fi adep\u0163ii acestuia. Nu se \u015ftie \u00eencotro s-au \u00eendreptat, cert este c\u0103, \u00een 1658, \u00eel reg\u0103sim pe Sabbatai la Istanbul, \u00een compania \u00eenv\u0103\u0163atului evreu Abraham ha-Yakini. Convins c\u0103 t\u00e2n\u0103rul este Mesia, ha-Yakini nu a ezitat, pentru a-i face \u015fi pe al\u0163ii s\u0103 cread\u0103, s\u0103 realizeze un fals document \u201eantic\u201d, \u00een care se scria, textual: \u201eEu, Abraham, am auzit o voce strig\u00e2nd, \u00abUn fiu i se va na\u015fte \u00een anul iudaic 5386 (1626) lui Mordecai Zevi; \u015fi va fi numit Sabbatai. El va \u00eenvinge marele dragon… el, adev\u0103ratul Mesia, va sta pe tronul Meu.\u00bb\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00cenarmat cu aceast\u0103 plastografie, minunat \u00eentocmit\u0103, se pare, ha-Yakini a reu\u015fit \u00eentr-adev\u0103r s\u0103 determine mul\u0163i rabini s\u0103-l urmeze pe Sabbatai. Acesta s-a stabilit la Salonic \u015fi, \u00een cadrul unei ceremonii bizare, s-a proclamat Mesia. Fiindc\u0103 se temeau c\u0103 nu cumva ideile sale s\u0103 determine o reac\u0163ie violent\u0103 din partea autorit\u0103\u0163ilor turce, conduc\u0103torii comunit\u0103\u0163ii mozaice i-au cerut lui Sabbatai s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 ora\u015ful. A urmat o perioad\u0103 de peregrin\u0103ri, ce au purtat pa\u015fii controversatului personaj prin Istanbul, Smirna \u015fi Atena.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1660, el s-a stabilit, pentru trei ani, la Alexandria, \u00een Egipt. Aici a cucerit \u00eencrederea unui influent func\u0163ionar otoman, evreu de origine, Rafail Iosif Halabi. \u00cen ciuda bog\u0103\u0163iilor fabuloase pe care le acumulase, Halabi ducea o via\u0163\u0103 retras\u0103 \u015fi simpl\u0103, aproape ascetic\u0103. Nu-i de mirare c\u0103 un asemenea om a c\u0103zut rapid sub influen\u0163a ideilor mistice, excentrice, promulgate de Sabbatai, \u015fi a fost convins c\u0103 acesta era Mesia cel a\u015fteptat.<\/p>\n

Dar Egiptul, \u0163ara de unde fugiser\u0103 c\u00e2ndva str\u0103mo\u015fii s\u0103i, nu avea at\u00e2ta rezonan\u0163\u0103 c\u0103 Ierusalimul, ora\u015ful lor sf\u00e2nt. De aceea, la \u00eenceputul lui 1663, \u201eprofetul\u201d a p\u0103r\u0103sit Egiptul \u015fi a venit la Ierusalim. Pentru a impresiona mul\u0163imile, el a recurs din nou la vechea practic\u0103 a mortific\u0103rii trupului \u015fi, spre a-\u015fi dovedi pietatea, c\u00e2nta ore \u00een \u015fir psalmi biblici. C\u00e2nd autorit\u0103\u0163ile turce au impus o nou\u0103 tax\u0103 locuitorilor din Ierusalim, amenin\u0163\u00e2ndu-i cu represalii pe cei ce nu erau capabili s\u0103 o pl\u0103teasc\u0103, Sabbatai a fugit la Cairo \u015fi i-a cerut sprijinul lui Halabi, care i-a dat de \u00eendat\u0103 to\u0163i banii necesari. \u00centoarcerea \u201esalvatorului\u201d \u00een Ierusalim a fost un triumf.<\/p>\n

Dar ciud\u0103\u0163eniile, \u00een ceea ce-l prive\u015fte pe Sabbatai, nu se opresc aici, \u00eentruc\u00e2t \u00een acest moment, via\u0163a lui cunoa\u015fte o \u00eentors\u0103tur\u0103 \u015fi mai uimitoare, c\u00e2nd \u201eprofetul\u201d hot\u0103r\u0103\u015fte s\u0103 se c\u0103s\u0103toreasc\u0103 din nou, cu o femeie pe nume Sarah, ce a fost prostituat\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u201eEu sunt Mesia!\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\u00cen 1665, Ghazzati, un adept de-al lui Sabbatai, g\u0103sit de acesta \u00een Gaza, \u015fi care se pretindea a fi Elijah, \u201e\u00eenainte-merg\u0103torul Domnului\u201d, a anun\u0163at c\u0103 era mesianic\u0103 urma s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 din anul urm\u0103tor. Tot el propov\u0103duia c\u0103 atunci Sabbatai se va pune \u00een fruntea triburilor lui Israel \u015fi va conduce lumea. Alungat din Ierusalim de c\u0103tre rabini, Sabbatai a plecat spre Istanbul, \u00eent\u00e2mpinat cu bucurie de marile comunit\u0103\u0163i iudaice din Alep \u015fi Smirna. Pe 1 ianuarie 1666, el s-a proclamat, \u00een sinagog\u0103 din Smirna, \u201eMesia, Fiul lui Dumnezeu\u201d<\/em>, \u00een vreme ce credincio\u015fii s\u0103i sunau din corn \u015fi strigau: \u201eTr\u0103iasc\u0103 Mesia, regele lui Israel\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eAlesul\u201d avea s\u0103 se dovedeasc\u0103 rapid un tiran f\u0103r\u0103 scrupule, alung\u00e2ndu-i pe to\u0163i ce i se \u00eempotriveau, \u015fi chiar pe marele rabin al Smirnei, Aaron Lapapa. Faima lui se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndea \u00eens\u0103 pretutindeni \u00een Asia \u015fi Europa, gener\u00e2nd tot felul de zvonuri. Savantul german Oldenburg \u00eei scria chiar filosofului Baruch Spinoza: \u201eToat\u0103 lumea vorbe\u015fte despre \u00eentoarcerea israeli\u0163ilor \u00een patria lor. Dac\u0103 vestea e adev\u0103rat\u0103, toate lucrurile se vor \u00eentoarce cu susul \u00een jos.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00cen prim\u0103vara lui 1666, Sabbatai a plecat la Istanbul, nutrind, se pare, speran\u0163a c\u0103 un miracol \u00eel va pune pe tronul sultanilor. Dar, imediat ce a ajuns aici, a fost arestat din ordinul marelui vizir Ahmed K\u00f6pr\u00fcl\u00fc \u015fi pus \u00een lan\u0163uri. Dup\u0103 dou\u0103 luni, a fost transferat la fort\u0103rea\u0163a Abydos, acord\u00e2ndu-i-se o mai mare libertate.<\/p>\n

C\u0103derea \u00een p\u0103cat<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Vestea c\u0103 Sabbatai \u00eei va c\u0103l\u0103uzi pe to\u0163i evreii c\u0103tre Palestina i-a f\u0103cut pe mul\u0163i s\u0103-\u015fi p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 a\u015fez\u0103rile \u015fi s\u0103 \u00eendrepte spre Ierusalim. \u00cen sinagogi, ini\u0163ialele numelui s\u0103u erau venerate de credincio\u015fi. R\u0103zmeri\u0163ele \u00eempotriva st\u0103p\u00e2nirii otomane erau tot mai dese. \u00cen cele din urm\u0103, sultanul Mehmed al IV-lea l-a convocat la Adrianopole, spre a-\u015fi pleda nevinov\u0103\u0163ia. Medicul suveranului turc, un fost evreu, convertit la islamism, a apucat s\u0103-l anun\u0163e pe Sabbatai c\u0103 singurul mijloc de a sc\u0103pa cu via\u0163\u0103 este s\u0103 renun\u0163e la credin\u0163a mozaic\u0103. Gest pe care \u201eprofetul\u201d \u201ealesul Domnului\u201d, \u201eFiul lui Dumnezeu\u201d l-a f\u0103cut f\u0103r\u0103 nici cea mai mic\u0103 ezitare…<\/p>\n

Mul\u0163umit, sultanul i-a \u00eencredin\u0163at postul de u\u015fier, numindu-l Mahmud-Pasa. Sarah \u015fi al\u0163i adep\u0163i ai s\u0103i s-au convertit, de asemenea, la mahomedanism. \u201eDumnezeu mi-a poruncit asta. Nu am f\u0103cut dec\u00e2t s\u0103-i ascult porunca\u201d<\/em>, s-a dezvinov\u0103\u0163it el. Dar pu\u0163ini \u00eel mai credeau. Dezam\u0103girea produs\u0103 \u00een s\u00e2nul comunit\u0103\u0163ilor evreie\u015fti de pretutindeni de convertirea lui Sabbatai nu poate fi descris\u0103 \u00een cuvinte. Cu at\u00e2t mai mult cu c\u00e2t sultanul a poruncit ca to\u0163i evreii din imperiu s\u0103 urmeze exemplul \u201eprofetului\u201d \u015fi s\u0103 renun\u0163e la religia lor, iar copiii s\u0103 fie crescu\u0163i \u00een legea islamic\u0103.<\/p>\n

\u00cempotrivindu-se m\u0103surii, cincizeci de rabini au fost executa\u0163i \u015fi ar fi urmat, f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103, un masacru general dac\u0103 mama sultanului nu ar fi intervenit, pentru a se \u00eempiedic\u0103 aplicarea deciziei fiului ei. Tr\u0103darea groaznic\u0103 \u00eenf\u0103ptuit\u0103 de Sabbatai nu i-a \u00eempiedicat pe mul\u0163i dintre adep\u0163ii lui s\u0103-l urmeze \u00een continuare.<\/p>\n

Dar neast\u00e2mp\u0103ratul personaj, cuprins poate de remu\u015fc\u0103ri, a anun\u0163at, \u00een martie 1668, c\u0103 a fost cuprins de \u201eDuhul Sf\u00e2nt\u201d \u015fi a revenit la iudaism, scopul s\u0103u fiind convertirea tuturor turcilor la aceast\u0103 religie. Sultanul nu avea s\u0103-i ierte obr\u0103znicia: demis din func\u0163ie, Sabbatai a fost alungat de la Curtea otoman\u0103, g\u0103sindu-\u015fi cu greu refugiu \u00een or\u0103\u015felul albanez Dulcigno, unde a \u015fi murit, pe 30 septembrie 1676, hulit de aproape to\u0163i cei ce-l adoraser\u0103 c\u00e2ndva…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evreii, una dintre primele comunit\u0103\u0163i umane de religie monoteist\u0103, s-au considerat \u00eentotdeauna a fi un \u201epopor ales\u201d de divinitate, dar \u015fi greu \u00eencercat, pentru p\u0103catele sale, de-a lungul istoriei. Tocmai din acest motiv, evreii au crezut \u00een venirea unui \u201eMesia\u201d, … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4392,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14],"tags":[218,1327,9796],"class_list":["post-4391","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paranormal-spiritualitate","tag-evrei","tag-mesia","tag-paranormal-spiritualitate","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nSabbatai Zevi, un mesia fals - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/sabbatai-zevi-un-mesia-fals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sabbatai Zevi, un mesia fals\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Evreii, una dintre primele comunit\u0103\u0163i umane de religie monoteist\u0103, s-au considerat \u00eentotdeauna a fi un \u201epopor ales\u201d de divinitate, dar \u015fi greu \u00eencercat, pentru p\u0103catele sale, de-a lungul istoriei. 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