{"id":34829,"date":"2014-07-04T10:45:15","date_gmt":"2014-07-04T07:45:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=34829"},"modified":"2014-07-01T09:45:59","modified_gmt":"2014-07-01T06:45:59","slug":"ioana-darc-eroina-care-ar-fi-salvat-franta-acum-6-secole-o-poveste-de-adormit-copiii-inventata-de-istoricii-francezi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/ioana-darc-eroina-care-ar-fi-salvat-franta-acum-6-secole-o-poveste-de-adormit-copiii-inventata-de-istoricii-francezi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ioana d’Arc, eroina care ar fi salvat Fran\u0163a acum 6 secole: o poveste de adormit copiii inventat\u0103 de istoricii francezi!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"mitulPovestirile obi\u015fnuite despre \u201eIoana d\u2019Arc\u201d o prezint\u0103 ca pe o eroin\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul secolului al XV-lea, c\u00eend a condus armatele franceze la nenum\u0103rate victorii, dup\u0103 care a fost capturat\u0103 de c\u0103tre burgunzi, care au v\u00eendut-o englezilor pentru a fi ars\u0103 ca vr\u0103jitoare \u00een pia\u0163a din Rouen. Dar ea nu era fran\u0163uzoaic\u0103; nu o chema c\u00e2tu\u015fi de pu\u0163in Ioana; nu a comandat nicio armat\u0103 \u015fi nici m\u0103car nu a luptat \u00een vreo b\u0103t\u0103lie; nu a fost judecat\u0103 de c\u0103tre Inchizi\u0163ie, care \u00een schimb a catalogat procesul drept o ilegal\u0103 b\u0103taie de joc; nu a dovedit t\u0103rie de caracter, ci s-a dezis de toate la procesul care i-a fost intentat; nu a fost executat\u0103 pentru vr\u0103jitorie, ci pentru c\u0103 a revenit asupra retract\u0103rii; \u015fi nu a fost fata tuns\u0103 b\u0103ie\u0163e\u015fte pe care ne-o \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015feaz\u0103 cinematografia modern\u0103.<\/p>\n

S-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1412 la Domremy, \u00een Lorena, un ducat independent care nu a f\u0103cut parte din Fran\u0163a p\u00een\u0103 \u00een 1766. Tat\u0103l ei, numit ini\u0163ial Jaques Darce, deci pe aproape, a renun\u0163at chiar \u015fi la numele acesta \u00eenainte de a se c\u0103s\u0103tori cu Isabeau \u015fi s\u0103 aib\u0103 fata. A fost extraordinar de m\u00eendru pentru c\u0103, \u00een tinere\u0163e, a fost \u00een pelerinaj la Roma, at\u00eet de mult \u00eenc\u00eet \u015fi-a schimbat numele \u00een Jacques Rommee, iar pe fiica lui a botezat-o Jehannette, \u015fi nu Jeanne (Ioana). Familia Rommee nu era de origine \u0163\u0103r\u0103neasc\u0103 simpl\u0103; Jacques era un agricultor de succes \u015fi cet\u0103\u0163ean de frunte care amenin\u0163a: \u201eO sugrum cu m\u00eeinile mele dac\u0103 pleac\u0103 \u00een Fran\u0163a\u201d<\/em>. Cel pu\u0163in de aici putem presupune, f\u0103r\u0103 teama de a gre\u015fi, c\u0103 \u201edomremi\u0163ii\u201d se considerau a fi orice, numai francezi nu.<\/p>\n

Multe dintre lucrurile cunoscute ast\u0103zi despre doamna Rommee provin din cronici descoperite la Notre Dame \u00een secolul al XIX-lea, \u00eens\u0103 nu toat\u0103 lumea este convins\u0103 c\u0103 aceste documente ar fi autentice. Chiar \u015fi Roger Caratini, unul dintre cei mai prestigio\u015fi istorici din Fran\u0163a, are oarece \u00eendoieli:<\/p>\n

Mi-e team\u0103 c\u0103 foarte pu\u0163in din ceea ce noi, francezii, am \u00eenv\u0103\u0163at la \u015fcoal\u0103 despre Ioana d\u2019Arc este adev\u0103rat… Ea a fost, se pare, aproape \u00een \u00eentregime crea\u0163ia Fran\u0163ei, \u00een nevoia disperat\u0103 de a g\u0103si o mascot\u0103 patriotic\u0103 \u00een secolul al XIX-lea. \u0162ara voia un erou, miturile revolu\u0163iei erau toate prea s\u00eengeroase, iar Fran\u0163a a inventat – mai mult sau mai pu\u0163in – povestea sfintului ei protector. Din p\u0103cate, realitatea este pu\u0163in diferit\u0103… Ioana d\u2019Arc nu a jucat nici un rol – sau, \u00een cel mai bun caz, doar unul minor – \u00een R\u0103zboiul de o sut\u0103 de ani. Nu ea a eliberat cetatea Orleans, pentru simplul motiv c\u0103 ora\u015ful nu a fost niciodat\u0103 asediat. Iar englezii nu au avut nicio leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu moartea ei. M\u0103 tem c\u0103 Inchizi\u0163ia \u015fi Universitatea din Paris au judecat-o \u015fi au condamnat-o… Mi-e team\u0103 c\u0103, de fapt, noi \u00een\u015fine ne-am ucis eroul na\u0163ional. Probabil c\u0103 avem o problem\u0103 cu englezii, dar nu este cazul \u00een ceea ce o prive\u015fte pe Ioana.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Iar Caratini nu este singurul care consider\u0103 c\u0103 Ioana este o inven\u0163ie a secolului al XlX-lea, acest autor amintindu-\u015fi cu siguran\u0163\u0103 c\u0103 au mai fost exprimate astfel de opinii \u00eenainte, preciz\u00eend c\u0103, dac\u0103 nu a fost inventat\u0103 \u00eentru totul, atunci a fost doar una dintre numeroasele servitoare care \u00eenso\u0163eau trupele ca purt\u0103toare de stindard, pl\u0103tite cu ziua la fel ca un arca\u015f.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 \u00eentreaga legend\u0103 trebuie acceptat\u0103 dup\u0103 aparen\u0163e, atunci s-ar cuveni s\u0103 credem c\u0103 o fat\u0103 de \u015faisprezece ani de la \u0163ar\u0103, f\u0103r\u0103 educa\u0163ie, care abia dac\u0103 putea s\u0103-\u015fi scrie numele, pur \u015fi simplu s-a plimbat prin Curtea regal\u0103 francez\u0103 \u015fi, dup\u0103 ce a povestit despre \u201evocile\u201d ei \u015fi a \u00een\u015firat c\u00eeteva profe\u0163ii, a luat-o la pas \u00een fruntea trupelor franceze, \u00een ciuda faptului c\u0103 nu \u015ftia o boab\u0103 de strategie militar\u0103, tactici, armament \u015fi artilerie. Chiar dac\u0103 Delfinul ar fl fost suficient de nebun pentru a face o astfel de numire, am putea crede c\u0103 ofi\u0163erii \u00een func\u0163ie \u015fi solda\u0163ii de r\u00eend ar fi urmat-o cu supu\u015fenie?<\/p>\n

Iar dac\u0103 ea a fost pe m\u0103sura legendei, atunci ar fi fost de a\u015fteptat s\u0103 existe nenum\u0103rate portrete \u015fi povestiri chiar din timpul vie\u0163ii ei – \u015fi totu\u015fi, nici vorb\u0103 de a\u015fa ceva. Prima \u201ebiografie\u201d dateaz\u0103 abia din secolul al XVII-lea \u015fi-i apar\u0163ine lui Edmund Richer (1559-1631), \u015feful Facult\u0103\u0163ii de Teologie din Paris, manuscrisul s\u0103u r\u0103m\u00e2n\u00e2nd \u00een arhive, nepublicat, p\u00een\u0103 \u00een 1911. Urm\u0103toarea persoan\u0103 care a abordat subiectul a fost Lenglet du Fresnoy, \u00een 1753. El a fost urmat, dup\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 aproape un secol, de Jules Quicherat, care, \u00een 1841, a descoperit suspectul depozit secret de documente, referitoare \u00een principal la procesul ei, la Notre Dame. Dup\u0103 o munc\u0103 istovitoare p\u00een\u0103 \u00een 1849, Quicherat a realizat o lucrare \u00een cinci volume despre care cei mai mul\u0163i spun c\u0103 ar fi opera definitiv\u0103 despre via\u0163a, procesul \u015fi moartea ei. Destul de impresionant\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 o lucrare despre care cu greu s-ar putea spune c\u0103 este un lan\u0163 ne\u00eentrerupt de observa\u0163ii \u015fi opinii ce duc p\u00een\u0103 la \u00eenceputul secolului al XV-lea.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 2008, publicam acest articol (Ioana d’Arc n-a fost ars\u0103 pe rug?<\/strong><\/a>), \u00een care ar\u0103tam cum un jurnalist francez a publicat o carte \u00een care afirma c\u0103 Ioana d’Arc nu era \u0163\u0103ranc\u0103, ci o bastard\u0103 regal\u0103, iar ea n-a fost ars\u0103 pe rug, ci pur \u015fi simplu a fugit \u00een Anglia. Oricare ar fi versiunea, cred c\u0103 este clar pentru toat\u0103 lumea c\u0103 povestea Ioanei d’Arc nu este altceva dec\u00e2t un simplu mit…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Povestirile obi\u015fnuite despre \u201eIoana d\u2019Arc\u201d o prezint\u0103 ca pe o eroin\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul secolului al XV-lea, c\u00eend a condus armatele franceze la nenum\u0103rate victorii, dup\u0103 care a fost capturat\u0103 de c\u0103tre burgunzi, care au v\u00eendut-o englezilor pentru a fi … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34830,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,2833],"tags":[2280,3366,3430,202,1906,636,4430,1532,8273,8274,836,73,8275,453,1541,2925],"class_list":["post-34829","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","category-noutati","tag-cetate","tag-delfin","tag-englezi","tag-franta","tag-inchizitie","tag-ioana-darc","tag-istoric","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-lorena","tag-orleans","tag-paris","tag-razboi","tag-razboiul-de-100-de-ani","tag-rege","tag-rug","tag-taran","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nIoana d'Arc, eroina care ar fi salvat Fran\u0163a acum 6 secole: o poveste de adormit copiii inventat\u0103 de istoricii francezi! - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/ioana-darc-eroina-care-ar-fi-salvat-franta-acum-6-secole-o-poveste-de-adormit-copiii-inventata-de-istoricii-francezi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ioana d'Arc, eroina care ar fi salvat Fran\u0163a acum 6 secole: o poveste de adormit copiii inventat\u0103 de istoricii francezi!\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Povestirile obi\u015fnuite despre \u201eIoana d\u2019Arc\u201d o prezint\u0103 ca pe o eroin\u0103 de la \u00eenceputul secolului al XV-lea, c\u00eend a condus armatele franceze la nenum\u0103rate victorii, dup\u0103 care a fost capturat\u0103 de c\u0103tre burgunzi, care au v\u00eendut-o englezilor pentru a fi ... 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