{"id":27192,"date":"2013-03-19T11:57:23","date_gmt":"2013-03-19T09:57:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=27192"},"modified":"2013-03-19T11:57:23","modified_gmt":"2013-03-19T09:57:23","slug":"priviti-cum-arata-un-tiran-papa-doc-dictatorul-pe-viata-al-statului-haiti-omul-agreat-de-sua-din-interese-strategice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/priviti-cum-arata-un-tiran-papa-doc-dictatorul-pe-viata-al-statului-haiti-omul-agreat-de-sua-din-interese-strategice\/","title":{"rendered":"Privi\u0163i cum arat\u0103 un tiran: Papa Doc, dictatorul pe via\u0163\u0103 al statului Haiti, omul agreat de SUA, din &#8222;interese strategice&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Papa-Doc.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-27193\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Papa-Doc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"306\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Papa-Doc.jpg 306w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Papa-Doc-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/03\/Papa-Doc-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 306px) 100vw, 306px\" \/><\/a>A\u0163i auzit vreodat\u0103 de &#8222;Papa Doc&#8221;? Dac\u0103 nu, am s\u0103 v\u0103 spun eu&#8230; A fost unul dintre cei mai cruzi tirani care a tr\u0103it vreodat\u0103 \u00een secolul al XX-lea. Francois Duvalier &#8211; pe numele s\u0103u adev\u0103rat &#8211; s-a n\u0103scut \u015fi a crescut \u00een Port-au-Prince, Haiti (America Central\u0103). La \u00eenceput, el a profesat ca medic \u00een zonele rurale, fiind apreciat pentru lupta sa \u00eempotriva tifosului \u015fi a altor boli r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite printre s\u0103raci (de aici \u015fi porecla afectuoas\u0103 de \u201ePapa Doc&#8221;). \u00cen 1946 a devenit director general al serviciului de s\u0103n\u0103tate haitian, iar \u00een 1949 a ajuns ministrul s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u0163ii \u015fi muncii. C\u00e2nd s-a opus loviturii de stat a lui Paul Magloire, a fost silit s\u0103 se ascund\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103-\u015fi piard\u0103 urma; a ap\u0103rut abia dup\u0103 amnistia din 1956.<\/p>\n<p>Beneficiind de sus\u0163inerea armatei \u015fi desf\u0103\u015fur\u00e2nd o campanie populist\u0103, Duvalier a c\u00e2\u015ftigat alegerile din 1957. A re\u00eenviat vechile tradi\u0163ii voodoo \u015fi le-a utilizat pentru a-\u015fi consolida puterea. S-a str\u0103duit din r\u0103sputeri s\u0103-\u015fi \u00eent\u0103reasc\u0103 pozi\u0163ia, \u00eentruc\u00e2t au existat tentative de a fi r\u0103sturnat. \u00cen 1958, a avut loc o \u00eencercare de lovitur\u0103 de stat, dup\u0103 care Duvalier a epurat armata \u015fi a redactat o nou\u0103 Constitu\u0163ie, iar \u00een anul 1961 a c\u00e2\u015ftigat alegerile incredibil de u\u015for. La num\u0103r\u0103toarea oficial\u0103 s-au \u00eenregistrat 1.320.000 de voturi \u00een favoarea sa \u015fi niciunul \u00eempotriv\u0103. Este extrem de rar ca ni\u015fte alegeri s\u0103 fie unanime&#8230; De-atunci \u00eencepe dictatura personal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Ajuns dictator, Duvalier s-a autoproclamat pre\u015fedinte pe via\u0163\u0103 \u00een anul 1964, iar regimul lui a devenit \u015fi mai represiv \u015fi mai crud. Nu a avut deplin\u0103 \u00eencredere \u00een armat\u0103, a\u015fa \u00eenc\u00e2t a creat poli\u0163ia secret\u0103 VSN (Volontaires de la Securite Na\u0163ionale), responsabil\u0103 de men\u0163inerea puterii sale \u00een exteriorul capitalei. Membrii VSN nu aveau salarii \u015fi erau obliga\u0163i s\u0103-\u015fi asigure existen\u0163a din extorc\u0103ri. Duvalier a \u00eenfiin\u0163at \u015fi o a doua mili\u0163ie, Garde Presidentielle, pentru paza personal\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Dup\u0103 ce a ajuns pre\u015fedinte (\u00een 1961), pre\u015fedintele american Kennedy a exercitat presiuni asupra lui Duvalier pentru a face ordine \u00een Haiti, care era o \u0163ar\u0103 total corupt\u0103; to\u0163i banii primi\u0163i ca ajutoare fuseser\u0103 deturna\u0163i. \u00cen 1962, Statele Unite au suspendat ajutoarele pentru Haiti, dar dup\u0103 asasinarea lui Kennedy, politica dur\u0103 a Washingtonului s-a relaxat. La urma urmelor, Duvalier reprezenta o prezen\u0163\u0103 anticomunist\u0103 solid\u0103 \u00een Caraibe, care contrabalansa Cuba malefic\u0103 a lui Castro.<\/p>\n<p>La mijlocul anilor 1960, era limpede c\u0103 Duvalier nu inten\u0163iona s\u0103 se retrag\u0103. \u015ei-a creat un cult al personalit\u0103\u0163ii, sus\u0163in\u00e2nd c\u0103 reprezenta \u00eens\u0103\u015fi \u00eentruparea statului Haiti. Au existat zvonuri c\u0103 Duvalier, la fel ca unii dintre predecesorii s\u0103i, visa s\u0103 se \u00eencoroneze \u00eemp\u0103rat \u015fi s\u0103 instaureze un sistem monarhic.<\/p>\n<p>Pentru a-\u015fi men\u0163ine controlul ferm asupra insulei, Duvalier s-a folosit de metode tiranice, care au inclus asasinatele politice \u015fi expulz\u0103rile pentru eliminarea du\u015fmanilor. Este posibil s\u0103 fi omor\u00e2t p\u00e2n\u0103 la 30.000 de oameni. Multe dintre acele crime au reprezentat contraatacuri \u00eempotriva unor persoane care ar fi dorit s\u0103-1 vad\u0103 mort. Tentativele de lovituri de stat ale armatei au fost tratate ca acte de o mare gravitate. \u00cen 1967, c\u00e2nd \u00een apropierea palatului preziden\u0163ial au fost detonate bombe, el a ordonat executarea a dou\u0103zeci de membri din Garde Presidentielle.<\/p>\n<p>Papa Doc Duvalier \u015fi-a men\u0163inut regimul de teroare p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul vie\u0163ii. A murit \u00een 1971, desemn\u00e2ndu-l ca succesor pe fiul s\u0103u, Jean-Claude Duvalier, \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de nou\u0103sprezece ani.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A\u0163i auzit vreodat\u0103 de &#8222;Papa Doc&#8221;? Dac\u0103 nu, am s\u0103 v\u0103 spun eu&#8230; A fost unul dintre cei mai cruzi tirani care a tr\u0103it vreodat\u0103 \u00een secolul al XX-lea. Francois Duvalier &#8211; pe numele s\u0103u adev\u0103rat &#8211; s-a n\u0103scut \u015fi &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Privi\u0163i cum arat\u0103 un tiran: Papa Doc, dictatorul pe via\u0163\u0103 al statului Haiti, omul agreat de SUA, din &#8222;interese strategice&#8221;\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/priviti-cum-arata-un-tiran-papa-doc-dictatorul-pe-viata-al-statului-haiti-omul-agreat-de-sua-din-interese-strategice\/#more-27192\" aria-label=\"Cite\u0219te mai multe despre Privi\u0163i cum arat\u0103 un tiran: Papa Doc, dictatorul pe via\u0163\u0103 al statului Haiti, omul agreat de SUA, din &#8222;interese strategice&#8221;\">Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27193,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[532,6178,99,84,2699,143,295,1784,1532,78,6179,190,23,1835],"class_list":["post-27192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-alegeri","tag-castro","tag-cuba","tag-dictator","tag-dictatura","tag-haiti","tag-imparat","tag-insula","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-kennedy","tag-papa-doc","tag-presedinte","tag-sua","tag-voodoo","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Privi\u0163i cum arat\u0103 un tiran: Papa Doc, dictatorul pe via\u0163\u0103 al statului Haiti, omul agreat de SUA, din &quot;interese strategice&quot; - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/priviti-cum-arata-un-tiran-papa-doc-dictatorul-pe-viata-al-statului-haiti-omul-agreat-de-sua-din-interese-strategice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Privi\u0163i cum arat\u0103 un tiran: Papa Doc, dictatorul pe via\u0163\u0103 al statului Haiti, omul agreat de SUA, din &quot;interese strategice&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A\u0163i auzit vreodat\u0103 de &#8222;Papa Doc&#8221;? 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Dac\u0103 nu, am s\u0103 v\u0103 spun eu&#8230; A fost unul dintre cei mai cruzi tirani care a tr\u0103it vreodat\u0103 \u00een secolul al XX-lea. Francois Duvalier &#8211; pe numele s\u0103u adev\u0103rat &#8211; s-a n\u0103scut \u015fi ... 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