{"id":26741,"date":"2013-02-09T23:12:48","date_gmt":"2013-02-09T21:12:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=26741"},"modified":"2013-02-16T22:18:58","modified_gmt":"2013-02-16T20:18:58","slug":"legenda-fantastica-a-olandezului-zburator-nava-fantoma-a-diavolului-sau-fenomene-naturale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/legenda-fantastica-a-olandezului-zburator-nava-fantoma-a-diavolului-sau-fenomene-naturale\/","title":{"rendered":"Legenda fantastic\u0103 a \u201colandezului zbur\u0103tor\u201d: nav\u0103-fantom\u0103 a diavolului sau fenomene naturale?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Cred c\u0103 toat\u0103 lumea a auzit de legenda „olandezului zbur\u0103tor”, celebr\u0103 \u015fi sub denumirea de \u201eCorabia-fantom\u0103”. Tema sa esen\u0163ial maritim\u0103 a ap\u0103rut abia \u00een epoca modern\u0103, pentru c\u0103 olandezii nu s-au aventurat pe oceane dec\u00e2t dup\u0103 epoca marilor descoperiri. Despre \u201eOlandezul zbur\u0103tor” s-a vorbit ini\u0163ial \u00een apropierea Capului Bunei Speran\u0163e, care a fost, a\u015fa cum se \u015ftie, descoperit \u00een luna august 1488 de Bartolomeu Diaz. Legenda dateaz\u0103, prin urmare, cel mult din secolul al XVI-lea, chiar din secolul al XVII-lea, c\u00e2nd marinarul olandez a cunoscut apogeul gloriei.<\/p>\n

O balad\u0103 \u015fi o oper\u0103 pe tema „olandezului zbur\u0103tor”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Istoria \u201eOlandezului zbur\u0103tor” s-a transmis pe cale oral\u0103 timp de mai multe secole \u015fi abia \u00een anul 1830 a \u00eembr\u0103cat forma scris\u0103. \u00cen 1834, Henri Heine a compus pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 o balad\u0103 \u00een care dragostea \u015fi fidelitatea unei femei \u00eel dezleag\u0103 pe marinarul evreu r\u0103t\u0103citor de blestemul care-l apas\u0103 \u015fi care poate astfel s\u0103 cunoasc\u0103 odihna ve\u015fnic\u0103. Apoi \u00een 1843, Richard Wagner a compus cunoscuta oper\u0103, consacr\u00e2ndu-l \u00een acela\u015fi timp pe olandezul blestemat.<\/p>\n

Un marinar f\u0103r\u0103 pereche, ajutat de diavol<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen realitate, legenda cor\u0103biei-fantom\u0103 are la baz\u0103 o varietate de diverse tradi\u0163ii. Multitudinea surselor se reflect\u0103 \u00een variantele numelui olandezului care comand\u0103 faimoasa corabie. Se vorbe\u015fte c\u00e2nd despre un anume van der Straeten, c\u00e2nd de un van der Decken, c\u00e2nd de van Falkenburg sau de un c\u0103pitan Barent Fokke care a tr\u0103it \u00een secolul al XVII-lea. Acesta din urm\u0103 se pare c\u0103 era un personaj antipatic care \u00eenjura \u015fi blestema ca un templier, dar \u015fi un marinar f\u0103r\u0103 pereche, pentru care arta naviga\u0163iei n-avea niciun secret \u015fi care parcurgea distan\u0163a dintre Amsterdam \u015fi Batavia \u00een mult mai pu\u0163in timp dec\u00e2t colegii lui. Via Capul Bunei Speran\u0163e, \u00eei erau necesare uneori trei luni, iar pentru un drum dus-\u00eentors, doar cinci. Nu era lucru curat, s-a spus la scurt timp, duc\u00e2ndu-se zvonul c\u0103 era ajutat de diavol. Astfel c\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd a disp\u0103rut, cu tot cu nav\u0103 \u015fi echipaj, nimeni nu a fost uimit: diavolul care-l ajutase p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci \u00eel obligase s\u0103-\u015fi pl\u0103teasc\u0103 datoria.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Alte versiuni ale „olandezului zbur\u0103tor”<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015ei totu\u015fi nu Barent Fokke, ci un anume c\u0103pitan van der Decken, care jurase c\u0103 niciun v\u00e2nt nu i se va \u00eempotrivi, nicio furtun\u0103, nicio for\u0163\u0103 a naturii nu-l vor putea \u00eempiedica s\u0103 treac\u0103 dincolo de Capul Bunei Speran\u0163e, ar fi fost blestemat \u015fi condamnat s\u0103 str\u0103bat\u0103 m\u0103rile p\u00e2n\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lumii pentru c\u0103 se ar\u0103tase at\u00e2t de trufa\u015f. Conform altei tradi\u0163ii, pedeapsa i-ar fi fost dat\u0103 unui c\u0103pitan van der Straeten pentru c\u0103 pornise la drum \u00eentr-o zi sf\u00e2nt\u0103 de vineri. \u00cen sf\u00e2r\u015fit, mai este men\u0163ionat un secund van der Decken care ar fi tr\u0103it la \u00eenceputul secolului al XIX-lea, \u015fi care, \u00eentorc\u00e2ndu-se din Indii, n-ar fi fost l\u0103sat s\u0103 intre \u00een niciun port din drumul s\u0103u din cauza unei epidemii de beri-beri care izbucnise la bordul cor\u0103biei sale. Vasul nu s-a mai \u00eentors niciodat\u0103 \u00een portul de origine \u015fi a fost luat astfel model pentru nava-fantom\u0103.<\/p>\n

Vasele cu p\u00e2nze, greud\u00a0 etrecut dincolo de Capul Bunei Speran\u0163e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen realitate, condi\u0163iile atmosferice din largul Capului Bunei Speran\u0163e fac deseori foarte dificil\u0103 naviga\u0163ia vaselor cu p\u00e2nze. Vasele r\u0103m\u00e2neau imobilizate zile \u00eentregi aici, chiar s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni. Acalmia exasperant\u0103 \u00eempiedica vasele s\u0103 \u00eenainteze c\u00e2tu\u015fi de pu\u0163in, \u00een timp ce la o distan\u0163\u0103 de c\u00e2teva sute de metri, alt vas naviga cu p\u00e2nzele umflate. Marinarii sunt \u00een majoritatea cazurilor supersti\u0163io\u015fi; cei de pe vasul imobilizat credeau \u00eentotdeauna c\u0103 aveau de-a face cu interven\u0163ia vreunui diavol.<\/p>\n

Miraj sau vas-fantom\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mai mult dec\u00e2t at\u00e2t, \u00een \u00eemprejurimile Capului se produceau miraje nemaipomenite, dovad\u0103 fiind cazul incredibil al unuia care s-a petrecut pe o suprafa\u0163\u0103 de cinci sute cincizeci de kilometri. Un c\u0103pitan englez, pe nume Owen, intra cu vasul s\u0103u \u00een Simonsbay c\u00e2nd a v\u0103zut deodat\u0103, \u00een imediata sa apropiere, fregata Barracuta pe care-o cuno\u015ftea prea bine, care p\u0103rea c\u0103 vrea s\u0103-l opreasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103-l controleze. A putut distinge p\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi siluetele celor de la bord \u015fi a v\u0103zut c\u0103 era l\u0103sat\u0103 o barc\u0103 la ap\u0103, fapt care-l f\u0103cuse s\u0103 cread\u0103 c\u0103 marinarii de pe fregat\u0103 aveau s\u0103 urce \u00een cur\u00e2nd la bordul vasului s\u0103u. \u00cens\u0103 \u00een acel moment, fregata se \u00eendrepta spre Simonsbay, unde n-a ajuns dec\u00e2t… \u015fapte zile mai t\u00e2rziu. Mirajul se produsese pe o distan\u0163\u0103 echivalent\u0103 de 550 de kilometri. A\u015fadar, nu ne surprinde c\u0103 asemenea \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103ri au alimentat legenda vasului-fantom\u0103.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Capul Horn<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Legenda „olandezului zbur\u0103tor” se mut\u0103 la Capul Horn, zona cu clim\u0103 mai capricioas\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vasele cu p\u00e2nze au fost \u00een cur\u00e2nd \u00eenlocuite de cele cu aburi, astfel c\u0103 v\u00e2ntul capricios din zona Capului Bunei Speran\u0163e a pricinuit mai pu\u0163ine nepl\u0103ceri vapoarelor care treceau prin apropiere. Legenda \u201eOlandezului zbur\u0103tor” nu a mai circulat \u00een aceast\u0103 regiune a globului, emigr\u00e2nd spre un alt cap unde clima era mai capricioas\u0103, iar condi\u0163iile de naviga\u0163ie, mai dificile, Capul Horn.<\/p>\n

Capul Horn este supus frecvent unor furtuni violente, \u015fi fantoma \u201eOlandezului zbur\u0103tor” \u015fi-a g\u0103sit aici un cadru mult mai potrivit dec\u00e2t la Capul Bunei Speran\u0163e. Asta deoarece halucina\u0163iile amenin\u0163\u0103 mai mult o fire supersti\u0163ioas\u0103 cuprins\u0103 de spaim\u0103 \u015fi emo\u0163ie dec\u00e2t fiin\u0163a calm\u0103 \u015fi st\u0103p\u00e2n\u0103 pe sine. De aceea vasul-fantom\u0103 a fost rareori z\u0103rit \u00een plin\u0103 zi, mai mult noaptea sau la asfin\u0163it, atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eentunericul sau for\u0163ele naturii dezl\u0103n\u0163uite \u00eenconjoar\u0103 nava din toate p\u0103r\u0163ile. De aceea, dintre toate punctele de pe glob, Capul Horn este locul preferat al fantomelor m\u0103rii.<\/p>\n

O st\u00e2nc\u0103 uria\u015f\u0103 ce seam\u0103n\u0103 cu un vas ce se scufund\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

O \u00eemprejurare deosebit\u0103, al c\u0103rei mister a fost dezv\u0103luit doar recent, ne demonstreaz\u0103 c\u0103 acest loc ofer\u0103 un cadru ideal pentru apari\u0163ia fantomelor. Pe malul \u0162\u0103rii de Foc, \u00eentr-un loc numit \u201ePrimarul”, aflat nu departe de Capul Horn, exist\u0103 o st\u00e2nc\u0103 uria\u015f\u0103 care, de la o anumit\u0103 distan\u0163\u0103 \u015fi atunci c\u00e2nd se las\u0103 noaptea sau cea\u0163a, seam\u0103n\u0103 surprinz\u0103tor de mult cu un velier de mari dimensiuni. Nu este un caz singular, exist\u00e2nd \u015fi altele, \u00een Corfu, \u00een apropierea Maltei \u015fi l\u00e2ng\u0103 Cadix. Pe vreme rea, st\u00e2nca de la Capul Horn seam\u0103n\u0103 cu un velier pe cale s\u0103 se scufunde care se zbate din r\u0103sputeri s\u0103 scape. Cu c\u00e2teva decenii \u00een urm\u0103, velierul italian Corona d’ltalia a alergat \u00een ajutorul acestui a\u015fa-zis vas \u00een pericol \u015fi s-a lovit chiar el de st\u00e2nc\u0103. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 acest accident cunoscut nou\u0103, c\u00e2te nu se vor fi produs f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 se fi aflat vreodat\u0103? Acest detaliu explic\u0103 poate men\u0163iunea din legend\u0103 c\u0103 vasul-fantom\u0103 lua ap\u0103, dar nu se scufunda niciodat\u0103. Vaporul norvegian Servia a fost, de asemenea, p\u0103c\u0103lit de faimoasa st\u00e2nc\u0103: la \u00eentoarcere, a semnalat pericolul \u015fi, \u00eencep\u00e2nd de atunci, h\u0103r\u0163ile marine americane au consemnat st\u00e2nca ad\u0103ug\u00e2nd urm\u0103toarea men\u0163iune: \u201eSt\u00e2nc\u0103 av\u00e2nd forma unui vas”.<\/p>\n

Iat\u0103 cum ceva perfect explicabil se transform\u0103 \u00eentr-o legend\u0103 fantastic\u0103…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cred c\u0103 toat\u0103 lumea a auzit de legenda „olandezului zbur\u0103tor”, celebr\u0103 \u015fi sub denumirea de \u201eCorabia-fantom\u0103”. Tema sa esen\u0163ial maritim\u0103 a ap\u0103rut abia \u00een epoca modern\u0103, pentru c\u0103 olandezii nu s-au aventurat pe oceane dec\u00e2t dup\u0103 epoca marilor descoperiri. Despre … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[6043,6042,6041,697,2487,1532,1899,1286,6044,291,573,1132,3826,6040,1205,4330,1068],"class_list":["post-26741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-bartolomeu-diaz","tag-capul-bunei-sperante","tag-capul-horn","tag-diavol","tag-furtuna","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-legenda","tag-marinar","tag-miraj","tag-nava","tag-nava-fantoma","tag-oceanul-atlantic","tag-olandez","tag-olandezul-zburator","tag-stanca","tag-vant","tag-wagner","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nLegenda fantastic\u0103 a \u201colandezului zbur\u0103tor\u201d: nav\u0103-fantom\u0103 a diavolului sau fenomene naturale? - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/legenda-fantastica-a-olandezului-zburator-nava-fantoma-a-diavolului-sau-fenomene-naturale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Legenda fantastic\u0103 a \u201colandezului zbur\u0103tor\u201d: nav\u0103-fantom\u0103 a diavolului sau fenomene naturale?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cred c\u0103 toat\u0103 lumea a auzit de legenda „olandezului zbur\u0103tor”, celebr\u0103 \u015fi sub denumirea de \u201eCorabia-fantom\u0103”. 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