{"id":26565,"date":"2013-01-23T20:23:25","date_gmt":"2013-01-23T18:23:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=26565"},"modified":"2013-01-29T13:45:12","modified_gmt":"2013-01-29T11:45:12","slug":"serapis-puternicul-zeu-egipteano-grec-si-magnifica-sa-statuie-din-alexandria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/serapis-puternicul-zeu-egipteano-grec-si-magnifica-sa-statuie-din-alexandria\/","title":{"rendered":"Serapis, puternicul zeu egipteano-grec \u015fi magnifica sa statuie din Alexandria"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Cine era Serapis?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 o legend\u0103 conform c\u0103reia Serapis era un rege de-al egiptenilor c\u0103ruia ace\u015ftia \u00eei datoreaz\u0103 puterea lor filosofic\u0103 \u015fi \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103. Dup\u0103 moarte, acest rege a fost ridicat la rangul de zeu. Phylarchus spunea c\u0103 cuv\u00e2ntul Serapis \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u201eputerea care a or\u00e2nduit Universul \u00een ordinea sa prezent\u0103 \u015fi frumoas\u0103”. Iar \u00een onoarea lui Serapis a fost construit\u0103 o statuie.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 dovezi considerabile c\u0103 faimoasa statuie a lui Serapis din Serapeum, Alexandria, a fost venerat\u0103 ini\u0163ial sub alt nume la Sinope, dup\u0103 care a fost adus\u0103 \u00een Alexandria. \u00cen lucrarea sa \u201eIsis and Osiris”<\/em>, Plutarh d\u0103 urm\u0103toarele informa\u0163ii cu privire la originea magnificei statui a lui Serapis care se afla \u00een Serapeum, Alexandria.<\/p>\n

Originea magnificei statui a lui Serapis<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen timp ce era faraon al Egiptului, Ptolemy I Soter (367-283 \u00ee.Hr.) a avut un vis ciudat \u00een care avea o statuie imens\u0103 care a prins via\u0163\u0103 \u015fi i-a ordonat faraonului Egiptului s\u0103 o aduc\u0103 \u00een Alexandria c\u00e2t mai repede. Ptolemy Soter, ne\u015ftiind unde se afl\u0103 aceast\u0103 statuie, se g\u00e2ndea cum ar putea s\u0103 o g\u0103seasc\u0103. \u00cen timp ce faraonul \u00ee\u015fi povestea visul, un c\u0103l\u0103tor cu numele de Sosibius a declarat c\u0103 v\u0103zuse o astfel de imagine \u00een Sinope. Faraonul a ordonat imediat ca Soteles \u015fi Dionysius s\u0103 negocieze pentru el mutarea statuii \u00een Alexandria. Au trecut trei ani p\u00e2n\u0103 ce a fost ob\u0163inut\u0103 statuia, iar reprezentan\u0163ii Faraonului au furat statuia \u00een cele din urm\u0103 \u015fi au ascuns acest lucru invent\u00e2nd o poveste conform c\u0103reia statuia a prins via\u0163\u0103 \u015fi, merg\u00e2nd pe strada ce pleac\u0103 de la templu, s-a \u00eembarcat pe nava ce se ducea \u00een Alexandria. La sosirea \u00een Egipt, statuia a fost adus\u0103 \u00een fa\u0163a a doi ini\u0163ia\u0163i egipteni, Eumolpid Timotheus \u015fi Manetho Sebennitul, care au numit-o Serapis. Preo\u0163ii au declarat apoi c\u0103 era echivalentul lui Pluto. Aceasta a fost o lovitur\u0103 puternic\u0103, c\u0103ci grecii \u015fi egiptenii au g\u0103sit \u00een Serapis o zeitate comun\u0103 \u015fi astfel cele dou\u0103 na\u0163iuni au ajuns la unitate religioas\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Mai multe imagini ale lui Serapis care se aflau \u00een diferite temple \u00een Egipt \u015fi Roma au fost descrise de c\u0103tre autorii str\u0103vechi. Aproape toate acestea p\u0103reau mai mult de influen\u0163\u0103 greceasc\u0103 dec\u00e2t de influen\u0163\u0103 egiptean\u0103. \u00cen unele dintre ele a fost \u00eencercuit corpul zeului cu ajutorul unui \u015farpe. Altele \u00eel ar\u0103tau ca fiind compus din Osiris \u015fi Apis.<\/p>\n

Descrierea\u00a0 zeului Serapis<\/strong><\/p>\n

O descriere a Zeului, care este destul de rezonabil\u0103, este cea \u00een care acesta este reprezentat ca fiind \u00eenalt, av\u00e2nd o figur\u0103 puternic\u0103 \u015fi red\u00e2nd imaginea puterii b\u0103rb\u0103te\u015fti \u015fi a gra\u0163iei femeie\u015fti. Fa\u0163a sa era g\u00e2nditoare, av\u00e2nd o expresie de triste\u0163e. P\u0103rul s\u0103u era lung \u015fi aranjat \u00eentr-un mod feminin, fiind \u00een bucle \u015fi ajung\u00e2nd p\u00e2n\u0103 la piept \u015fi umeri. Fa\u0163a, \u00een afar\u0103 de barba mare, era de asemenea feminin\u0103. Figura lui Serapis era de obicei \u00eenf\u0103\u015furat\u0103 din cap p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een picioare \u00een draperii, c\u0103ci se crede c\u0103 ini\u0163ia\u0163ii doreau s\u0103 ascund\u0103 faptul c\u0103 corpul s\u0103u era androgin.<\/p>\n

Statuia lui Serapis era realizat\u0103 din smarald?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pentru construirea statuii lui Serapis au fost folosite diverse substan\u0163e. Unele erau sculptate \u00een piatr\u0103 sau marmur\u0103 de oameni pricepu\u0163i; altele erau f\u0103cute din metale de baz\u0103 sau din metale pre\u0163ioase. O statuie de-a lui Serapis era alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din farfurii din diverse metale puse la un loc. \u00centr-un labirint sacru se afla o statuie de-a lui Serapis \u00eenalt\u0103 de treisprezece picioare, statuie despre care se spunea c\u0103 a fost construit\u0103 dintr-un singur smarald. Scriitorii moderni care au discutat despre aceast\u0103 imagine au afirmat c\u0103 a fost construit\u0103 din sticl\u0103 verde turnat\u0103 \u00een mulaj. Potrivit egiptenilor, statuia a fost supus\u0103 unor teste care au dovedit c\u0103 era f\u0103cut\u0103 din smarald.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\u015eiraguri din aur, argint, plumb \u015fi cositor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Clement din Alexandria descrie o imagine a lui Serapis alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din urm\u0103toarele elemente : \u00een primul r\u00e2nd, \u015firaguri din aur, argint, plumb \u015fi cositor; apoi din pietre egiptene, incluz\u00e2nd safire, smaralde, topazuri \u015fi hematite ; toate acestea sunt ceea ce a r\u0103mas de la \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntarea lui Osiris \u015fi Apis. Rezultatul a fost o statuie rar\u0103 \u015fi curioas\u0103, de culoare indigo. Unele statui ale lui Serapis au fost f\u0103cute din substan\u0163e tari, c\u0103ci atunci c\u00e2nd un soldat cre\u015ftin care purta ordinul lui Theodosius a lovit cu securea \u00een Serapis-ul alexandrin, unealta s-a sf\u0103r\u00e2mat \u00een buc\u0103\u0163i \u015fi au ie\u015fit sc\u00e2ntei din ea. Este posibil ca Serapis s\u0103 fi fost venerat sub forma unui \u015farpe, la fel ca multe alte zeit\u0103\u0163i din panteonurile egiptene \u015fi grece\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Serapis, zeul cu o coroni\u0163\u0103 din \u015fapte raze<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eSerapis” a fost numit \u201eTheon Heptagrammaton”, sau Zeul cu nume alc\u0103tuit din \u015fapte litere. Numele Serapis con\u0163ine \u015fapte litere. \u00cen imnurile lor c\u0103tre Serapis, preo\u0163ii c\u00e2ntau cele \u015fapte vocale. Uneori Serapis este \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015fat ca av\u00e2nd coame sau o coroni\u0163\u0103 din \u015fapte raze. Acestea reprezint\u0103 cele \u015fapte inteligen\u0163e divine care se manifest\u0103 \u00een lumina solar\u0103. \u201eEncyclopaedia Britannica”<\/em> noteaz\u0103 c\u0103 cea mai veche informa\u0163ie autentic\u0103 despre Serapis are leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu moartea lui Alexandru. Serapis era singurul dintre zei care era consultat de regele care era pe moarte.<\/p>\n

Mecanisme mecanice uluitoare sub templul lui Serapis<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sub templul lui Serapis, care a fost distrus de Theodosius, s-au g\u0103sit mecanisme mecanice construite de preo\u0163i \u00een cripte subterane \u015fi caverne unde aveau loc ritualurile nocturne de ini\u0163iere. Aceste ma\u015fin\u0103rii indicau testele severe de curaj moral \u015fi fizic la care erau supu\u015fi candida\u0163ii. Dup\u0103 ce treceau de aceste modalit\u0103\u0163i de tortur\u0103, cei care supravie\u0163uiau torturilor erau ini\u0163ia\u0163i \u00een prezen\u0163a lui Serapis, o figur\u0103 nobil\u0103 \u015fi inspirat\u0103, luminat\u0103 de lumini nev\u0103zute.<\/p>\n

Serapis a uzurpat treptat pozi\u0163iile care erau ocupate de zeii egipteni sau greci, \u015fi a devenit zeitatea suprem\u0103 a ambelor religii. Puterea sa a continuat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een al patrulea secol din era cre\u015ftin\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cine era Serapis? Exist\u0103 o legend\u0103 conform c\u0103reia Serapis era un rege de-al egiptenilor c\u0103ruia ace\u015ftia \u00eei datoreaz\u0103 puterea lor filosofic\u0103 \u015fi \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103. Dup\u0103 moarte, acest rege a fost ridicat la rangul de zeu. Phylarchus spunea c\u0103 cuv\u00e2ntul Serapis \u00eenseamn\u0103 … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26566,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[1772,5980,1126,685,5223,386,385,375,1532,5981,3141,3938,5979,453,553,1252,5978,5773,739,1466,968],"class_list":["post-26565","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-alexandria","tag-apis","tag-argint","tag-aur","tag-clement-din-alexandria","tag-egipt","tag-faraon","tag-grecia","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-labirint","tag-osiris","tag-plutarh","tag-ptolemy-i-soter","tag-rege","tag-roma","tag-sarpe","tag-serapis","tag-smarald","tag-statuie","tag-templu","tag-zeu","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nSerapis, puternicul zeu egipteano-grec \u015fi magnifica sa statuie din Alexandria - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/serapis-puternicul-zeu-egipteano-grec-si-magnifica-sa-statuie-din-alexandria\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Serapis, puternicul zeu egipteano-grec \u015fi magnifica sa statuie din Alexandria\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Cine era Serapis? 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Exist\u0103 o legend\u0103 conform c\u0103reia Serapis era un rege de-al egiptenilor c\u0103ruia ace\u015ftia \u00eei datoreaz\u0103 puterea lor filosofic\u0103 \u015fi \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103. Dup\u0103 moarte, acest rege a fost ridicat la rangul de zeu. Phylarchus spunea c\u0103 cuv\u00e2ntul Serapis \u00eenseamn\u0103 ... 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