{"id":22943,"date":"2012-04-05T00:06:35","date_gmt":"2012-04-04T22:06:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=22943"},"modified":"2012-04-08T11:36:39","modified_gmt":"2012-04-08T09:36:39","slug":"istoria-bancherilor-fugger-familia-mai-bogata-decat-toti-printii-imparatii-si-papii-lumii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/istoria-bancherilor-fugger-familia-mai-bogata-decat-toti-printii-imparatii-si-papii-lumii\/","title":{"rendered":"Istoria bancherilor Fugger: familia mai bogat\u0103 dec\u00e2t to\u0163i prin\u0163ii, \u00eemp\u0103ra\u0163ii \u015fi papii lumii"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Familia Fugger era originar\u0103 din satul Graben (\u0163inutul Augsburg). Cel mai \u00eendep\u0103rtat str\u0103mo\u015f cunoscut – Jacob – se \u00eendeletnicea cu agricultura \u015fi \u0163esutul, ceea ce l-a determinat mai t\u00e2rziu s\u0103 se apuce de comer\u0163ul cu p\u00e2nzeturi. Cei doi fii ai s\u0103i – Ulrich \u015fi Johann – s-au mutat \u00een ora\u015ful Augsburg pe la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul sec. XIV. Aici \u00eenflorea nego\u0163ul cu stofe. Cei doi fra\u0163i au procurat de la Vene\u0163ia bumbac venit din Levant, \u0163es\u00e2nd p\u00e2nzeturi pe care tot ei le \u015fi vopseau.<\/p>\n

C\u0103s\u0103torindu-se cu o fat\u0103 din ora\u015f, Johann Fugger a c\u0103p\u0103tat dreptul s\u0103 locuiasc\u0103 acolo. A avut doi fii, Andreas \u015fi Jacob. Cel mai mare, Andreas, a reu\u015fit s\u0103 dea industriei paterne o asemenea amploare \u015fi str\u0103lucire \u00eenc\u00eet concet\u0103\u0163enii l-au supranumit \u201eFugger cel bogat”. Fiul s\u0103u cel mare a ob\u0163inut \u00een 1452 primul blazon cu care s-a m\u00e2ndrit familia: un c\u0103prior de aur pe un fond azuriu; dar spi\u0163a lui s-a stins \u00een 1483. Fratele s\u0103u mai mic, Jacob, decanul breslei \u0163es\u0103torilor, a avut \u015fapte fii, printre care Ulrich, Georg \u015fi Jacob II. Ei au dat casei cea mai mare prosperitate \u015fi str\u0103lucire.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Jakob II Fugger, mai \u00eent\u00e2i teolog, apoi mare bog\u0103ta\u015f…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Jacob Fugger II (1459-1525) s-a dedicat la \u00eenceput carierei ecleziastice \u015fi a activat departe de fream\u0103tul lumesc, printre canonicii din Herrieden, \u00een parohia Eichst\u00e4dt. Mai t\u00e2rziu \u00eens\u0103 s-a l\u0103sat convins de fratele s\u0103u mai mare, Ulrich, s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 tihnita via\u0163\u0103 de teolog pentru a deveni om de afaceri.<\/p>\n

Canonicul devenit negustor avea s\u0103 ridice dinastia pe treapta ei cea mai \u00eenalt\u0103. Ini\u0163ial s-a ocupat de comer\u0163ul cu l\u00e2n\u0103, m\u0103tase, condimente; apoi, obiectul principal al preocup\u0103rilor sale au devenit exploatarea minier\u0103 – mai ales a minelor de la Schwatz (Tyrol) – \u015fi specula\u0163iile financiare. Minele i-au adus o mare avere. \u00cen apropierea lor, \u00eentreprinz\u0103torul a construit un castel somptuos, unde urma\u015fii lui au dus o via\u0163\u0103 princiar\u0103.<\/p>\n

Jacob Fugger II a fost unul dintre primii germani care au folosit noul drum comercial deschis de Vasco da Gama spre India. \u00cen 1505, asociindu-se cu al\u0163i doi bancheri – Hochst\u00e4dter din Augsburg \u015fi Weiser din N\u00fcrnberg – a adus, direct din Indiile Orientale, trei cor\u0103bii \u00eenc\u0103rcate cu m\u0103rfuri; astfel de produse nu ajunseser\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci \u00een Germania dec\u00e2t pe calea m\u0103rii, prin intermediul Vene\u0163iei, \u015fi pe uscat, cu ajutorul caravanelor.<\/p>\n

Bogatul bancher \u00eel \u00eemprumut\u0103 cu bani pe \u00eensu\u015fi \u00eemp\u0103ratul… <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen 1509, bancherul l-a \u00eemprumutat pe \u00eemp\u0103ratul Maximilian cu 170.000 duca\u0163i, ajut\u00e2ndu-l s\u0103-\u015fi continue campania din Italia. \u00cemp\u0103ratul \u00eel \u00eennobilase, \u00een 1504, at\u00e2t pe el c\u00e2t \u015fi pe fratele s\u0103u Ulrich, d\u00e2ndu-le blazonul cu floarea de crin, ceea ce le-a adus numele de \u201eFugger-floare de crin”; \u00een\u00a0 plus, \u00eemp\u0103ratul l-a desemnat pe Jacob consilier aulic. De aceea\u015fi cinste s-a bucurat bancherul \u015fi din partea papei Leon X, care \u015f-a ridicat la rangul de conte palatin.<\/p>\n

\u00censu\u015fi marele Carol Quintul este \u00eemprumutat<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen aceast\u0103 vreme, Banca Fugger centraliza \u015fi fructifica banii \u00eencasa\u0163i de pap\u0103 \u00een Germania, prin vinderea indulgen\u0163elor. Cu prilejul candidaturii lui Carol Quintul la tronul \u00eemp\u0103r\u0103tesc (1519), tot Jacob Fugger II i-a dat posibilitatea maiest\u0103\u0163ii sale catolice s\u0103-l \u00eenving\u0103 pe concurentul s\u0103u, regele Fran\u0163ei, \u00eemprumut\u00e2ndu-i 310.000 florini pentru cheltuielile electorale; viitorul \u00eemp\u0103rat i-a dat \u00een gaj ora\u015ful Anvers. Abilul negu\u0163\u0103tor-bancher a ad\u0103ugat la averea sa b\u0103neasc\u0103 domeniile Kirchberg, Weisenhorn, Wullenstein, Pfaffenhoven etc.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Mai bogat dec\u00e2t regii Angliei \u015fi Fran\u0163ei<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cardinalul episcop de Brixen a murit la Roma. Se spunea despre el c\u0103 e foarte bogat, dar asupra lui nu s-a g\u0103sit niciun ban, ci doar un bilet ascuns \u00een m\u00e2nec\u0103; era o chitan\u0163\u0103 pentru 300.000 florini depu\u015fi la Banca Fugger. Papa l-a chemat pe reprezentantul b\u0103ncii la Roma \u015fi l-a \u00eentrebat:
\n– Pute\u0163i achita aceast\u0103 sum\u0103?
\n– Chiar azi.<\/em>
\nLa scurt timp dup\u0103 aceea, papa Iuliu II i-a \u00eentrebat pe reprezentan\u0163ii regilor Fran\u0163ei \u015fi Angliei:
\n– St\u0103p\u00e2nii vo\u015ftri ar putea dispune de pe un ceas pe altul de trei tone de aur?
\n– Nu, sfinte p\u0103rinte.
\n– Un burghez din Augsburg poate f\u0103r\u0103 nicio dificultate.<\/em><\/p>\n

Jacob Fugger II a construit \u015fi la Augsburg un palat care-i poart\u0103 numele \u015fi ale c\u0103rui ziduri exterioare au fost splendid decorate cu frescele lui Albrecht Altdorfer.<\/p>\n

To\u0163i se \u00eenchinau la picioarele lui Jacob II Fugger<\/strong><\/p>\n

Murind \u00een 1525 f\u0103r\u0103 copii, bancherul a l\u0103sat mo\u015ftenire averea \u015fi afacerile nepo\u0163ilor s\u0103i Raimund \u015fi Anton. „Numele lui Jacob Fugger \u015fi ale nepo\u0163ilor s\u0103i <\/em>– scrie un cronicar al vremii – sunt cunoscute \u00een toate \u0163\u0103rile, chiar \u015fi \u00een cele p\u0103g\u00eene. \u00cemp\u0103ra\u0163ii, prin\u0163ii \u015fi regii i-au trimis solii, suveranul pontif l-a considerat fiul s\u0103u mult iubit, iar cardinalii se ridicau \u00een picioare \u00een fa\u0163a lui.<\/em><\/p>\n

Cei doi fra\u0163i, Raimund \u015fi Anton, \u00een a c\u0103ror epoc\u0103 stirpea Fugger a atins maximum de bog\u0103\u0163ie, str\u0103lucire \u015fi prosperitate, vor r\u00e2m\u00e2ne \u00eempreun\u0103 la Augsburg, \u00een Palatul Fugger, constituind dou\u0103 figuri remarcabile \u015fi reprezentative ale Rena\u015fterii. Potrivit spuselor unui contemporan, Raimund a sprijinit dezvoltarea literelor, cu prec\u0103dere a studiilor de istorie, s-a interesat cu generozitate de artele plastice, achizi\u0163ion\u00e2nd numeroase opere antice din Grecia, Italia \u015fi Sicilia. Asemenea unor familii senioriale, Fuggerii au avut legile lor proprii, \u015fi au asigurat transmiterea din tat\u0103 \u00een fiu a patrimoniului \u015fi a monopolului comer\u0163ului, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t \u201ecasa” a rezistat neclintit\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een sec. XIX.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Interiorul palatului Fogger din Augsburg<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00cen palatul din Augsburg, focul se f\u0103cea cu lemn pre\u0163ios din scor\u0163i\u015foar\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

La distan\u0163\u0103 de c\u00e2teva genera\u0163ii, Raimund \u015fi Anton Fugger au f\u0103cut din urma\u015fii umilului \u0163es\u0103tor din Graben ni\u015fte seniori \u015fi \u00eenal\u0163i magistra\u0163i; mul\u0163i prin\u0163i din acea vreme nu se bucurau nici de autoritatea \u015fi nici de puterea lor. Carol Quintul, \u00een al c\u0103rui imperiu soarele nu apunea niciodat\u0103, trebuia s\u0103 se sprijine pe devotamentul lor. De altfel, \u00eemp\u0103ratul i-a f\u0103cut pe cei doi fra\u0163i con\u0163i ai imperiului, \u00eenvestindu-i cu puterea de a \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163i dreptate ca juzi; acest privilegiu rar dateaz\u0103 din 1 martie 1530. La el s-a ad\u0103ugat \u00een 1534 \u015fi dreptul regal de a bate moned\u0103. Monarhul a primit importante \u00eemprumuturi \u00een bani de la cei doi bancheri, ca de exemplu, cu prilejul expedi\u0163iei \u00een Algeria ; c\u00e2nd, la \u00eentoarcere, \u00eemp\u0103ratul a trecut prin Augsburg \u015fi a tras la ei, Anton a folosit drept combustibil \u00een uria\u015ful c\u0103min al palatului scor\u0163i\u015foar\u0103 – marf\u0103 foarte scump\u0103 la vremea aceea; bancherul a aprins focul, \u00een fa\u0163a \u00eemp\u0103ratului, cu chitan\u0163ele pe care acesta i le d\u0103duse \u00een schimbul sumelor \u00eemprumutate.<\/p>\n

Bani enormi acorda\u0163i artei<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd a murit, Anton Fugger a l\u0103sat doi fii, Ulrich \u015fi Jacob-Johan, \u00een care litera\u0163ii \u015fi arti\u015ftii au g\u0103sit ni\u015fte genero\u015fi protectori. Familia Fugger a f\u0103cut din Augsburgul sec. XVI, ceea ce Medicii au f\u0103cut \u00een aceea\u015fi epoc\u0103 din Floren\u0163a: unul dintre centrele artistice cele mai str\u0103lucitoare ale Europei. Ulrich Fugger era el \u00eensu\u015fi un distins elenist, edit\u00e2nd pe banii s\u0103i, prin intermediul lui Henri Estienne, operele mai multor autori greci, mai ales ale lui Xenofon. A investit sume mari de bani pentru alc\u0103tuirea unei minunate biblioteci, \u00een care a str\u00eens manuscrise grece\u015fti, latine \u015fi ebraice de o rar\u0103 valoare.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 mai multe genera\u0163ii de mari bancheri \u015fi mecena\u0163i, familia Fugger a dat \u015fi guvernatori ai Augsburgului, dintre care unii r\u0103zboinici viteji. La \u00eenceputul sec. XIX, capul familiei, contele Anselm Maria Fugger, a fost ridicat de \u00eemp\u0103ratul Francisc II la rangul de prin\u0163 al imperiului.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Familia Fugger era originar\u0103 din satul Graben (\u0163inutul Augsburg). Cel mai \u00eendep\u0103rtat str\u0103mo\u015f cunoscut – Jacob – se \u00eendeletnicea cu agricultura \u015fi \u0163esutul, ceea ce l-a determinat mai t\u00e2rziu s\u0103 se apuce de comer\u0163ul cu p\u00e2nzeturi. Cei doi fii ai … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":22944,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[5159,2663,1591,1433,5158,2005,1555,5160,341,5162,202,5157,203,295,1532,5161,294,3207,2149,97,453,481,553,3795,3668,586],"class_list":["post-22943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-augsburg","tag-banca","tag-bancher","tag-bani","tag-bumbac","tag-cardinal","tag-carol-quintul","tag-catsel","tag-europa","tag-francisc-ii","tag-franta","tag-fugger","tag-germania","tag-imparat","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-leon-x","tag-maximilian-i","tag-mina","tag-palat","tag-papa","tag-rege","tag-renastere","tag-roma","tag-scortisoara","tag-teolog","tag-venetia","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nIstoria bancherilor Fugger: familia mai bogat\u0103 dec\u00e2t to\u0163i prin\u0163ii, \u00eemp\u0103ra\u0163ii \u015fi papii lumii - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/istoria-bancherilor-fugger-familia-mai-bogata-decat-toti-printii-imparatii-si-papii-lumii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Istoria bancherilor Fugger: familia mai bogat\u0103 dec\u00e2t to\u0163i prin\u0163ii, \u00eemp\u0103ra\u0163ii \u015fi papii lumii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Familia Fugger era originar\u0103 din satul Graben (\u0163inutul Augsburg). 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