{"id":21625,"date":"2012-01-01T17:31:30","date_gmt":"2012-01-01T15:31:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=21625"},"modified":"2012-01-02T23:25:58","modified_gmt":"2012-01-02T21:25:58","slug":"dosarele-secrete-ale-inchizitiei-partea-a-doua-lacrimile-spaniei-crearea-inchizitiei-spaniole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/dosarele-secrete-ale-inchizitiei-partea-a-doua-lacrimile-spaniei-crearea-inchizitiei-spaniole\/","title":{"rendered":"Dosarele secrete ale Inchizi\u0163iei (partea a doua) \u2013 Lacrimile Spaniei. Crearea Inchizi\u0163iei spaniole"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>„Documentarele Legendas” continu\u0103 \u015fi ast\u0103zi cu partea a 2-a din documentarul „Dosarele secrete ale Inchizi\u0163iei”<\/em>, intitulat „Lacrimele Spaniei”<\/em>. Dac\u0103 \u00een prima parte, a\u0163i putut afla despre cum a ap\u0103rut Inchizi\u0163ia, ca m\u0103sur\u0103 pentru combaterea ereziei catare (https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/dosarele-secrete-ale-inchizitiei-prima-parte-eliminarea-ereticilor\/<\/strong><\/a>), \u00een partea a doua ve\u0163i \u015fti care sunt originile Inchizi\u0163iei spaniole. Iat\u0103 care sunt punctele principale dup\u0103 ce ve\u0163i viziona acest documentar:<\/p>\n

* Spania, p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al XV-lea, era un t\u0103r\u00e2m unde musulmanii, cre\u015ftinii \u015fi evreii au tr\u0103it secole de-a r\u00e2ndul \u00een toleran\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n

* Izolat\u0103 de restul Europei de c\u0103tre mun\u0163ii impun\u0103tori ai Pirineilor, timp de mai bine de 1.000 de ani, Iberia a fost patria unor culturi bogate \u015fi amestecate.<\/p>\n

* Cre\u015ftini, musulmani \u015fi evrei au tr\u0103it al\u0103turi \u00een Peninsula Iberic\u0103 timp de secole \u00eentregi, toler\u00e2ndu-se \u00eentre ei \u00een cadrul „convivencia”
\n– o coexisten\u0163\u0103 practic\u0103.<\/p>\n

* Ei c\u00e2ntau \u00eempreun\u0103, g\u0103teau \u00eempreun\u0103, \u015fi to\u0163i jucau \u015fah, un joc adus de musulmani. Nicio alt\u0103 parte a Europei nu era at\u00e2t de bogat\u0103 \u00een culturi diferite, \u00een educa\u0163ie, arte, \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 \u015fi medicin\u0103.<\/p>\n

* Dar \u00een 1478, timpurile se schimb\u0103 \u00een Iberia \u00een mai r\u0103u. O furtun\u0103 a terorii este pe punctul de a se abate asupra oamenilor, \u015fi nimeni nu va putea sc\u0103pa de anchete, procese, tr\u0103d\u0103ri, condamn\u0103ri \u015fi moarte. Perioada toleran\u0163ei a trecut. Peninsula Iberic\u0103 se afl\u0103 \u00een fierbere.<\/p>\n

* Iberia \u00eenc\u0103 nu era na\u0163iunea pe care noi o cunoa\u015ftem azi ca fiind Spania. Nordul era \u00eenc\u0103 divizat \u00eentre regatele cre\u015ftine ale Aragonului, Castiliei \u015fi Navarei. Musulmanii controlau Granada \u00een sud. \u015ei exista o disput\u0103 de putere pentru tronul Castiliei.<\/p>\n

* O pretendent\u0103 la tronul Castiliei era prin\u0163esa de 18 ani, Isabela. Extrem de pioas\u0103, Isabela vedea totul prin prisma credin\u0163ei sale. Ea a devenit cunoscut\u0103 ca Isabela catolica.<\/p>\n

* Isabela urma s\u0103 se c\u0103s\u0103toreasc\u0103 cu prin\u0163ul Ferdinand de Aragon, mo\u015ftenitorul Aragonului. C\u0103s\u0103toria ei urma s\u0103 uneasc\u0103 regatele Castiliei \u015fi Aragonului.<\/p>\n

* Isabela \u015fi Ferdinand erau cuplul cel mai puternic din zilele lor. Ei au visat un singur stat, cu o singur\u0103 religie, catolicismul roman. Ei aveau o agend\u0103 mare: reunirea regatelor lor \u00een numele salv\u0103rii na\u0163ionale, \u015fi definitivarea cuceririi cre\u015ftine \u00eempotriva musulmanilor, care tot mai controlau sudul Iberiei de 700 de ani.<\/p>\n

* Dar mai existau probleme \u00een interiorul regatului lor. Conform unui preot dominican, Tomas de Torquemada, cei vinova\u0163i de aceast\u0103 situa\u0163ie sunt evreii. Ei sunt cei converti\u0163i, noii cre\u015ftini, care \u00eenc\u0103 practic\u0103 tradi\u0163iile iudaice.<\/p>\n

* Evreii tr\u0103iau \u00een Spania de mai bine de un mileniu, sosind aici \u00eempreun\u0103 cu legiunile romane. Dar, \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu secolul al XIV-lea, evreii au \u00eenceput s\u0103 fie ataca\u0163i de catolicii zelo\u015fi.<\/p>\n

* \u00cen 1391, preo\u0163ii au cerut convertirea obligatorie a evreilor. Manifest\u0103ri violente \u00eempotriva evreilor au avut loc \u00een toat\u0103 Peninsula. Confrunt\u00e2ndu-se cu alternativa „converte\u015fte-te sau mori”, evreii trebuiau s\u0103 ia decizii pe via\u0163\u0103 \u015fi pe moarte, pe loc. Mul\u0163i au ales s\u0103 se boteze cre\u015ftine\u015fte \u015fi s\u0103 supravie\u0163uiasc\u0103.<\/p>\n

* P\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een secolul al XV-lea, dup\u0103 mai multe pogromuri \u015fi legi mai restrictive, ce-i for\u0163a pe evrei s\u0103 tr\u0103iasc\u0103 \u00een ghetouri \u015fi s\u0103 poarte \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte distinct\u0103, aproape jum\u0103tate din evreii din Iberia \u015fi-au schimbat credin\u0163a. Evreii converti\u0163i purtau numele de cre\u015ftini
\nnoi sau converti\u0163ii.<\/p>\n

* Dar convertirea oferea oportunitatea unui progres, pozi\u0163ii de putere la Curtea regal\u0103, ce au fost interzise evreilor. Vechii cre\u015ftini au devenit invidio\u015fi pe succesul celor converti\u0163i. Catolicii spanioli au descoperit c\u0103 cei converti\u0163i au devenit noua clas\u0103 de mijloc urban\u0103. Ei erau predominan\u0163i \u00een afaceri, \u00een unele profesii ca scribi \u015fi contabili, iar cre\u015ftinii vechi se sim\u0163eau ca fiind discrimina\u0163i.<\/p>\n

* Torquemada a propus o strategie pentru eliminarea ereticilor: \u00eenfiin\u0163area unei Inchizi\u0163ii spaniole. Monarhii Spaniei au fost de acord. La 1 noiembrie 1478, papa Sixtus al IV-lea emite o bul\u0103 prin care este creat\u0103 Inchizi\u0163ia spaniol\u0103. De\u015fi, formal ea apar\u0163inea de Biserica Catolic\u0103, Inchizi\u0163ia spaniol\u0103 era de fapt o unealt\u0103 \u00een m\u00e2na monarhilor spanioli. Ei \u015fi doar ei numeau inchizitorii \u015fi Inchizitorul General, cel care conducea Inchizi\u0163ia spaniol\u0103.<\/p>\n

* Astfel, monarhia \u015fi-a creat o putere judec\u0103toreasc\u0103, de\u0163in\u00e2nd cheia unei institu\u0163ii puternice. Inchizi\u0163ia spaniol\u0103 era condus\u0103 de stat
\n\u015fi nu de Biseric\u0103.<\/p>\n

Mai multe detalii despre fascinanta istorie a Inchizi\u0163iei spaniole, pute\u0163i urm\u0103ri vizion\u00e2nd partea a II-a a documentarului „Dosarele secrete ale Inchizi\u0163iei”. Vizionare pl\u0103cut\u0103!<\/p>\n

<\/embed><\/object><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

„Documentarele Legendas” continu\u0103 \u015fi ast\u0103zi cu partea a 2-a din documentarul „Dosarele secrete ale Inchizi\u0163iei”, intitulat „Lacrimele Spaniei”. Dac\u0103 \u00een prima parte, a\u0163i putut afla despre cum a ap\u0103rut Inchizi\u0163ia, ca m\u0103sur\u0103 pentru combaterea ereziei catare (https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/dosarele-secrete-ale-inchizitiei-prima-parte-eliminarea-ereticilor\/), \u00een partea a … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[4867,1415,1792,254,211,341,218,4870,4869,1906,1532,880,4868,97,4866,453,1593,2114,1924,4871,318,2115],"class_list":["post-21625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-aragon","tag-biserica-catolica","tag-castilia","tag-catolicism","tag-crestinism","tag-europa","tag-evrei","tag-ferdinand-ii-de-aragon","tag-granada","tag-inchizitie","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-musulmani","tag-navara","tag-papa","tag-peninsula-iberica","tag-rege","tag-regina","tag-regina-isabela","tag-sah","tag-sixtus-al-iv-lea","tag-spania","tag-torquemada","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nDosarele secrete ale Inchizi\u0163iei (partea a doua) \u2013 Lacrimile Spaniei. Crearea Inchizi\u0163iei spaniole - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/dosarele-secrete-ale-inchizitiei-partea-a-doua-lacrimile-spaniei-crearea-inchizitiei-spaniole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Dosarele secrete ale Inchizi\u0163iei (partea a doua) \u2013 Lacrimile Spaniei. Crearea Inchizi\u0163iei spaniole\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"„Documentarele Legendas” continu\u0103 \u015fi ast\u0103zi cu partea a 2-a din documentarul „Dosarele secrete ale Inchizi\u0163iei”, intitulat „Lacrimele Spaniei”. Dac\u0103 \u00een prima parte, a\u0163i putut afla despre cum a ap\u0103rut Inchizi\u0163ia, ca m\u0103sur\u0103 pentru combaterea ereziei catare (https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/dosarele-secrete-ale-inchizitiei-prima-parte-eliminarea-ereticilor\/), \u00een partea a ... 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