{"id":2135,"date":"2008-12-24T11:50:20","date_gmt":"2008-12-24T07:50:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=2135"},"modified":"2020-02-14T22:06:27","modified_gmt":"2020-02-14T20:06:27","slug":"misterul-hartii-lui-piri-reis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/misterul-hartii-lui-piri-reis\/","title":{"rendered":"Misterul h\u0103r\u0163ii lui Piri Reis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/12\/harta-lui-piri-reis.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-66792\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/12\/harta-lui-piri-reis.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"346\" height=\"328\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/12\/harta-lui-piri-reis.jpg 346w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/12\/harta-lui-piri-reis-300x284.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\" \/><\/a>\u00cen 1929, un grup de istorici de la Palatul Topkapi din Istanbul, Turcia, au f\u0103cut o descoperire fascinant\u0103: un fragment de hart\u0103 executat\u0103 pe o bucat\u0103 de piele de gazel\u0103 \u015fi datat\u0103 1513. Harta descrie \u00een detaliu o parte a Oceanului Atlantic \u015fi cele dou\u0103 Americi. Este misterios faptul c\u0103, potrivit dat\u0103rii, harta a fost realizat\u0103 la doar c\u00e2\u0163iva ani dup\u0103 descoperirea lui Columb \u015fi cu trei secole \u00eenainte de a se fi aflat ceva despre Antarctica.<\/p>\n<p>Odat\u0103 cu trecerea timpului, \u00een loc s\u0103 se elucideze misterul, dezbaterile legate de modalitatea \u00een care autorul h\u0103r\u0163ii a adunat informa\u0163iile au devenit din ce \u00een ce mai furtunoase. Este vorba, oare, despre un popor foarte evoluat, sau chiar despre extratere\u015ftri, ori avem de-a face cu realizarea grafic\u0103 a teoriilor elaborate \u00een acel moment de str\u0103mo\u015fii no\u015ftri? Hart\u0103 a fost botezat\u0103 dup\u0103 numele realizatorului s\u0103u: Piri Reis. Cuv\u00e2ntul &#8222;reis&#8221; \u00eenseamn\u0103 &#8222;amiral&#8221;; s-a descoperit c\u0103, \u00eenainte de a accepta postul de comand\u0103 \u00een Marina Imperial\u0103 otoman\u0103, Muhiddin Piri a fost un simplu pirat. \u00cen timpul c\u0103l\u0103toriilor sale, el a adunat tot felul de h\u0103r\u0163i, schi\u0163e, desene \u015fi diagrame ale liniilor de coast\u0103 \u015fi ale tuturor insulelor cunoscute p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een acel moment. \u00cen 1513, utiliz\u00e2nd mai multe surse exhaustive de date \u015fi informa\u0163ii, el a realizat prima sa hart\u0103 a \u00eentregii lumi, ceea ce ast\u0103zi numim Harta Piri Reis.<\/p>\n<p>Despre Piri Reis se mai \u015ftie c\u0103 \u00een 1528 a compilat o nou\u0103 serie de informa\u0163ii \u015fi studii \u015fi \u015fi-a continuat cariera militar\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1554, respectiv, p\u00e2n\u0103 la v\u00e2rsta de aproximativ 90 de ani, c\u00e2nd a fost decapitat din ordinul sultanului. Segmentul de hart\u0103 descoperit \u00een 1929 este doar un fragment din documentul original \u015fi \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015feaz\u0103 Oceanul Atlantic, de la coasta de vest a Africii, p\u00e2n\u0103 la coasta de est a Americii de Sud \u015fi p\u00e2n\u0103 la coasta de nord a Antarcticii, \u00een sud. Interesant este faptul c\u0103 Piri a inclus \u00een hart\u0103 \u015fi detalii referitoare la sursele de informa\u0163ii pe care le-a utilizat.<\/p>\n<p>Astfel, el pretinde c\u0103 s-a folosit de unele indicii cartografice din secolul al IV-lea, \u015fi chiar mai vechi. Harta nu a fost realizat\u0103 prin \u00eemp\u0103r\u0163irea \u00een linii drepte &#8211; longitudine \u015fi latitudine -, ca \u00een cazul h\u0103r\u0163ilor moderne, ci cu ajutorul unei serii de cercuri \u015fi linii radiante. Acest gen de h\u0103r\u0163i sunt numite &#8222;portolan&#8221; \u015fi \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015feaz\u0103 rute de naviga\u0163ie, reprezent\u00e2nd ghiduri de la un port la altul, f\u0103r\u0103 a oferi informa\u0163ii exacte despre pozi\u0163ia \u015fi profilul configura\u0163iei terestre. H\u0103r\u0163ile antice de acest gen au fost foarte r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite; chiar Columb a declarat c\u0103 a folosit una dintre acestea c\u00e2nd a pornit \u00een c\u0103l\u0103toria care s-a soldat cu descoperirea Americii.<\/p>\n<p>Mul\u0163i dintre cei care au studiat am\u0103nun\u0163it Harta Piri Reis consider\u0103 c\u0103 nivelul detaliilor geografice \u015fi al informa\u0163iilor matematice care au fost necesare pentru realizarea ei dep\u0103\u015fe\u015fte cuno\u015ftin\u0163ele \u015fi sistemul de navigare din secolul al XVI-lea. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, exper\u0163ii For\u0163ei Aeriene a SUA din anii &#8217;60 au ajuns la concluzia c\u0103 harta este at\u00e2t de precis\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t au \u00eenlocuit chiar unele date eronate din propriile lucr\u0103ri cartografice. Unii oameni cred c\u0103 o astfel de hart\u0103 a putut fi realizat\u0103 numai prin survoluri aeriene, ba chiar se sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 fiin\u0163e extraterestre au cartografiat planeta noastr\u0103 \u015fi \u015fi-au l\u0103sat studiile pentru a fi copiate de fiin\u0163ele umane. Modul \u00een care este descris\u0103 Antarctica, acurate\u0163ea detaliilor geografice reprezint\u0103 cel mai fascinant aspect al H\u0103r\u0163ii Piri Reis, cu at\u00e2t mai mult cu c\u00e2t acest continent a fost descoperit \u00een 1918, iar cartografierea modern\u0103 s-a realizat abia \u00een 1949, de c\u0103tre o expedi\u0163ie mixt\u0103, britanic\u0103 \u015fi scandinav\u0103, cu ajutorul unui echipament sofisticat cu care s-a putut vedea profilul solului aflat sub calota de ghea\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Potrivit teoriei menite s\u0103 explice aceast\u0103 situa\u0163ie, o civiliza\u0163ie antic\u0103 a reu\u015fit &#8211; cu ajutorul unei tehnologii avansate, care nu s-a p\u0103strat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent &#8211; s\u0103 cartografieze continentul \u00eenainte de a fi acoperit de ghea\u0163\u0103. \u015ei \u00een aceast\u0103 privin\u0163\u0103 exist\u0103 controverse \u00eentre oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103; \u00een timp ce unii afirm\u0103 c\u0103 Antarctica este acoperit\u0103 de ghea\u0163\u0103 de peste 6000 de ani, al\u0163ii cred c\u0103 este vorba de cel pu\u0163in sute de mii de ani. Exper\u0163ii cartografi pretind c\u0103 la alc\u0103tuirea h\u0103r\u0163ilor \u00een sistemul portolan nu se avea \u00een vedere acurate\u0163ea datelor, ba chiar multe dintre acestea includeau teritorii imaginare. Cu toate acestea, Harta Piri Reis prezint\u0103 detalii de o acurate\u0163e greu de explicat. Spre exemplificare, Insula Falkland, care este plasat\u0103 pe latitudinea corect\u0103, de\u015fi ea a fost descoperit\u0103 abia \u00een 1592, \u015fi lan\u0163ul muntos Andes din America, necunoscut la acea dat\u0103. De asemenea, Groenlanda a fost descris\u0103 ca fiind format\u0103 din 3 insule separate, fapt confirmat de descoperirile f\u0103cute abia \u00een acest secol.<\/p>\n<p>A\u015fadar, dezbaterile continu\u0103. Se poate spune oare ca Piri Reis a avut doar noroc \u015fi intui\u0163ie atunci c\u00e2nd a realizat cartografierea? Sau a avut acces la h\u0103r\u0163i maritime \u015fi terestre realizate de o ras\u0103 superioar\u0103, care a tr\u0103it pe planeta noastr\u0103 \u00een urm\u0103 cu multe mii de ani.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen 1929, un grup de istorici de la Palatul Topkapi din Istanbul, Turcia, au f\u0103cut o descoperire fascinant\u0103: un fragment de hart\u0103 executat\u0103 pe o bucat\u0103 de piele de gazel\u0103 \u015fi datat\u0103 1513. Harta descrie \u00een detaliu o parte a &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Misterul h\u0103r\u0163ii lui Piri Reis\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/misterul-hartii-lui-piri-reis\/#more-2135\" aria-label=\"Cite\u0219te mai multe despre Misterul h\u0103r\u0163ii lui Piri Reis\">Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66792,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[10,720,549,1532,719,721],"class_list":["post-2135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-america","tag-harta","tag-imperiul-otoman","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-piri-reis","tag-sultan","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Misterul h\u0103r\u0163ii lui Piri Reis - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/misterul-hartii-lui-piri-reis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Misterul h\u0103r\u0163ii lui Piri Reis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen 1929, un grup de istorici de la Palatul Topkapi din Istanbul, Turcia, au f\u0103cut o descoperire fascinant\u0103: un fragment de hart\u0103 executat\u0103 pe o bucat\u0103 de piele de gazel\u0103 \u015fi datat\u0103 1513. 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