{"id":1785,"date":"2008-12-08T09:48:27","date_gmt":"2008-12-08T05:48:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=1785"},"modified":"2008-12-09T11:29:45","modified_gmt":"2008-12-09T07:29:45","slug":"lastunul-masina-nascuta-din-capriciile-lui-ceausescu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/lastunul-masina-nascuta-din-capriciile-lui-ceausescu\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u0103stunul, ma\u015fina n\u0103scut\u0103 din capriciile lui Ceau\u015fescu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"lastun2\"<\/a>Dup\u0103 o perioad\u0103 de relativ\u0103 deschidere spre Occident, c\u00e2nd conducerea politic\u0103 de la Bucure\u015fti p\u0103rea a accepta ideea industrializ\u0103rii Rom\u00e2niei prin importul de tehnologie de ultim\u0103 or\u0103, regimul comunist din Rom\u00e2nia s-a \u00eenchistat \u00eentr-un na\u0163ionalism absurd. \u201eConducerea de partid \u015fi de stat”, din care fuseser\u0103 eliminate toate persoanele cu o viziune ceva mai larg\u0103, se \u00eenc\u0103p\u0103\u0163\u00e2na s\u0103 cear\u0103 proiectan\u0163ilor \u015fi inginerilor rom\u00e2ni produse care s\u0103 rivalizeze cu cele fabricate \u00een \u0163\u0103rile dezvoltate. Aceste produse trebuiau ob\u0163inute pe fondul unor economii drastice de energie, al interdic\u0163iei importurilor de materii prime \u015fi materiale \u015fi r\u0103spl\u0103tind efortul creativ cu sume derizorii.<\/p>\n

Ca \u00een mai toate regimurile dictatoriale, liderul comunist de la Bucure\u015fti nu dorea s\u0103 abdice de la sloganurile referitoare la \u201egrija fa\u0163\u0103 de om” \u015fi \u201easigurarea bun\u0103st\u0103rii materiale a \u00eentregului popor”. Cum unul dintre simbolurile bun\u0103st\u0103rii \u00een secolul XX a fost considerat automobilul, posibilitatea omului de r\u00e2nd de a de\u0163ine o astfel de \u201eminune” a reprezentat o provocare pentru dictatorii secolului trecut (proiectul Volkswagen \u00een Germania nazist\u0103). Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu \u015fi-a propus, spre sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anilor ’70, s\u0103 ofere rom\u00e2nilor posibilitatea de a avea fiecare un automobil, care s\u0103 consume c\u00e2t mai pu\u0163in combustibil.<\/p>\n

Proiectul automobilului \u201epopular” a fost demarat sub \u00eendemnuri de \u201ehei rup” \u015fi rezultatele s-au v\u0103zut \u00een scurt\u0103 vreme. Arhiva fostului Comitet Central al P.C.R. p\u0103streaz\u0103 o stenogram\u0103 a \u00eent\u00e2lnirii care a avut loc, la 15 martie 1980, \u00eentre Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu \u015fi \u201ecolectivul de proiectare \u015fi de realizare a modelului func\u0163ional pentru autoturismul de foarte mic litraj”. Acest document reprezint\u0103 actul de na\u015ftere al autoturismului \u201eDacia 500-L\u0103stun”.<\/p>\n

Preocup\u0103rile regimului pentru construirea unui automobil cu un consum redus \u015fi accesibil ca pre\u0163 unor largi categorii sociale erau mai vechi. Acest lucru este dovedit, printre altele, \u015fi de prezentarea de c\u0103tre colectivul \u00centreprinderii Mecanice Bra\u015fov la \u201eExpozi\u0163ia realiz\u0103rilor economiei na\u0163ionale”, edi\u0163ia 1979, a unui automobil de acest gen, denumit \u201eBra\u015fovia”.<\/p>\n

La scurt\u0103 vreme dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea expozi\u0163iei, a fost alc\u0103tuit un colectiv de proiectare la nivel na\u0163ional. \u00cen acest colectiv, totaliz\u00e2nd 21 de persoane, erau reprezentate \u00centreprinderea Mecanic\u0103 Muscel, produc\u0103toarea ma\u015finii ARO, \u00centreprinderea Mecanic\u0103 Bra\u015fov, Centrul de Cercetare \u015fi Inginerie Tehnologic\u0103 pentru Autoturisme Coliba\u015fi, \u00centreprinderea \u201eAutobuzul” Bucure\u015fti, \u201eElectroprecizia” Sacele, Institutul Na\u0163ional de Motoare Bucure\u015fti, Catedra de Automobile a Universit\u0103\u0163ii din Bra\u015fov. Colectivul a fost reprezentat la \u00eent\u00e2lnirea men\u0163ionat\u0103 cu Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu de Ion Tele\u015fcu (Catedra de Automobile), Valentin Co\u015foroab\u0103 (Institutul Na\u0163ional de Motoare), Gheorghe Lihaci (\u00centreprinderea Mecanic\u0103 Bra\u015fov), Simion S\u0103punaru (director general la Centrala Industrial\u0103 de Autoturisme Pite\u015fti), Dumitru Gheorghe (director al \u00centreprinderii \u201eAutobuzul” Bucure\u015fti).<\/p>\n

\u201e\u00cent\u00e2lnirea de lucru” a decurs dup\u0103 tipicul deja instaurat de Ceau\u015fescu de c\u00e2\u0163iva ani buni. Gheorghe Lihaci a \u00eenceput prin a explica sarcina colectivului pe care-l reprezenta: executarea elementelor de caroserie \u015fi tapi\u0163erie ale autoturismului; a \u00eencheiat angaj\u00e2ndu-se s\u0103 \u201edepunem, cu toat\u0103 hot\u0103r\u00e2rea, toat\u0103 priceperea pentru a traduce \u00een via\u0163\u0103 indica\u0163iile date de Dvs. pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103, pentru a realiza un produs de calitate superioar\u0103 \u015fi la termenul stabilit”.<\/em> Ion Tele\u015fcu are o viziune pur \u201ecapitalist\u0103” asupra noului automobil: se prevede realizarea a dou\u0103 modele – unul decapotabil (!) \u015fi unul nedecapotabil. Elemente la fel de surprinz\u0103toare aduce \u00een aten\u0163ie \u015fi Valentin Co\u015foroab\u0103: „Mergem pe ideea realiz\u0103rii unui motor monobloc, care s\u0103 fie amplasat \u00een fa\u0163\u0103, ca s\u0103 putem beneficia de r\u0103cirea cu aer. \u00cen etapa a II-a, vom \u00eencerca varianta cu un motor Diesel<\/em>.”<\/p>\n

Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu este concis \u00een enun\u0163area obiectivelor sale: \u201eSe va putea face o asemenea ma\u015fin\u0103 ieftin\u0103, u\u015foar\u0103 \u015fi cu un consum care s\u0103 nu dep\u0103\u015feasc\u0103 trei litri de benzin\u0103 la 100 km? Aceasta este tem\u0103. De asemenea, ma\u015fina pe care o vom realiza s\u0103 nu coste mai mult de 20.000 lei – m\u0103 refer la pre\u0163ul de v\u00e2nzare -, iar pre\u0163ul de cost s\u0103 fie 15-16.000 lei.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Ca orice realizare a regimului, \u015fi noua ma\u015fin\u0103 trebuia s\u0103 fie gata \u00een cinstea unei zile memorabile, \u00een cazul de fa\u0163\u0103 23 august. Ceau\u015fescu explic\u0103 speciali\u015ftilor cum poate fi realizat un prototip \u00een timp record. Iritat de obiec\u0163iile inginerilor, care afirmau c\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 23 august de-abia se putea termina motorul, le ofer\u0103 el solu\u0163ia: \u201eVoi ave\u0163i turn\u0103torie \u00een Bucure\u015fti, piesele se pot turna \u00eentr-o zi, dou\u0103, la orice fabric\u0103, pentru cinci motoare [\u2026] \u00cen iunie, cel mai t\u00e2rziu, s\u0103 fie ma\u015fina aici, \u00een fata sediului C.C. al P.C.R. Ini\u0163ial, m-am g\u00e2ndit s\u0103 fix\u0103m termenul \u00een mai, dar am prelungit p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een iunie. Primele dou\u0103-trei buc\u0103\u0163i s\u0103 fie gata p\u00e2n\u0103 la 23 august, ca s\u0103 putem ie\u015fi cu ele la demonstra\u0163ie. Adic\u0103 trebuie \u00eenceput imediat, luat un model de motor mic \u015fi f\u0103cut schi\u0163a, nu spun proiect, nici nu vorbesc de proiect. Schi\u0163a s\u0103 fie f\u0103cut\u0103 din lemn sau din tabl\u0103, imediat preg\u0103tit \u015fi pe urm\u0103, \u00eentr-o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eencepe\u0163i s\u0103 turna\u0163i piesele, f\u0103r\u0103 calcule, f\u0103r\u0103 proiectare. Sigur, \u015fi aceasta presupune un calcul, dar trebuie f\u0103cut totu\u015fi direct, nu ca la celelalte ma\u015fini. S\u0103 vedem din ce facem blocul motor, s\u0103 g\u0103sim un aliaj foarte u\u015for. Am citit \u00een pres\u0103 c\u0103 \u00een unele p\u0103r\u0163i se folosesc \u015fi masele plastice la blocul motor.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Ion Tele\u015fcu \u015fi Valentin Co\u015foroab\u0103 au \u00eencercat, timid, s\u0103 explice faptul c\u0103 fibra de sticl\u0103 se folose\u015fte la caroserie, dar \u00een niciun caz nu pentru turnarea de piese. Dup\u0103 discu\u0163ii, Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu a conchis: \u201edac\u0103 nu se comport\u0103 corespunz\u0103tor, renun\u0163\u0103m”.<\/em> \u015ei ad\u0103ug\u0103: \u201eScaunele s\u0103 fie f\u0103cute dintr-o pern\u0103 din mase plastice, simpl\u0103, cum sunt scaunele de la tramvaie, autobuze sau chiar cele pentru locuin\u0163e realizate din mase plastice \u015fi, eventual, s\u0103 facem o pern\u0103 din poliuretan”. <\/em>De aceast\u0103 dat\u0103, propunerea a fost adoptat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 nici un fel de re\u0163inere. Ba mai mult, unii au subliniat avantajul c\u0103 \u201eavem \u015fi la autobuze ceva asem\u0103n\u0103tor” \u015fi, deci, efortul de \u201eproiectare” era mai mic, iar consumul de materiale redus.<\/p>\n

\u00cen continuarea \u015fedin\u0163ei, rolul de proiectant \u015fef i-a revenit tot lui Nicolae Ceau\u015fescu. Dup\u0103 ce a \u015fov\u0103it pu\u0163in dac\u0103 s\u0103 doteze noul autoturism \u015fi cu un portbagaj, el a decis s\u0103 existe \u015fi a\u015fa ceva, iar rotile s\u0103 aib\u0103 \u201e\u00een\u0103l\u0163imea normal\u0103, ca s\u0103 se poat\u0103 merge cu acest autoturism \u015fi pe drumuri de \u0163ar\u0103”. Din aceste indica\u0163ii, rezult\u0103 c\u0103 secretarul general al P.C.R. se g\u00e2ndea \u00eentr-adev\u0103r la un automobil \u201epentru tot rom\u00e2nul”.<\/p>\n

Finalul \u015fedin\u0163ei i-a apar\u0163inut tot lui. A \u00eencheiat cu c\u00e2teva fraze halucinante: \u201eMa\u015fina s\u0103 poat\u0103 purta o sarcin\u0103 de 250-260 kg [\u2026] Trebuie lucrat \u00een paralel la dou\u0103-trei modele [\u2026] chiar dac\u0103 ne cost\u0103 ceva \u00een plus. Schi\u0163a s\u0103 fie un desen simplu, c\u0103 dac\u0103 \u00eencepem s\u0103 facem tot felul de desene, o s\u0103 ne ia timp mult. Eu am \u00een vedere c\u0103 pe baza acestei experien\u0163e s\u0103 tragem ni\u015fte concluzii \u015fi pentru activitatea noastr\u0103 general\u0103, \u00eentruc\u00e2t s-a pierdut, de regul\u0103, mai mult timp pentru proiectare \u015fi calcule, dec\u00e2t pentru realizarea unui produs. Eu am mai spus \u015fi repet: ce se f\u0103ceau sovieticii \u00een timpul r\u0103zboiului dac\u0103 realizau \u00een doi-trei ani un tanc? Pierdeau r\u0103zboiul; dar \u00een c\u00e2teva luni a trebuit s\u0103 produc\u0103 un tanc. Nu proiecte ne trebuie, ci trebuie g\u00e2ndit s\u0103 lucr\u0103m operativ: s\u0103 po\u0163i lucra \u00een trei luni ceea ce se lucra \u00eenainte \u00een trei ani.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Proiectul \u201eautomobilului de foarte mic litraj” a prins via\u0163\u0103 sub biciul \u201eindica\u0163iilor pre\u0163ioase”. \u015fi rezultatul a fost pe m\u0103sur\u0103: o ma\u015fin\u0103 care a devenit subiectul de glum\u0103 al rom\u00e2nilor de-a lungul anilor ’80. Proiectul \u201eL\u0103stun” nu a fost \u00eens\u0103 un accident, el reflect\u0103 un mod de g\u00e2ndire ad\u00e2nc \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cinat \u00een mintea liderilor comuni\u015fti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dup\u0103 o perioad\u0103 de relativ\u0103 deschidere spre Occident, c\u00e2nd conducerea politic\u0103 de la Bucure\u015fti p\u0103rea a accepta ideea industrializ\u0103rii Rom\u00e2niei prin importul de tehnologie de ultim\u0103 or\u0103, regimul comunist din Rom\u00e2nia s-a \u00eenchistat \u00eentr-un na\u0163ionalism absurd. \u201eConducerea de partid \u015fi … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1786,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[135,9795,579,580,581],"class_list":["post-1785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-ceausescu","tag-istorie","tag-lastun","tag-masina","tag-pcr","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u0103stunul, ma\u015fina n\u0103scut\u0103 din capriciile lui Ceau\u015fescu - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/lastunul-masina-nascuta-din-capriciile-lui-ceausescu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u0103stunul, ma\u015fina n\u0103scut\u0103 din capriciile lui Ceau\u015fescu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dup\u0103 o perioad\u0103 de relativ\u0103 deschidere spre Occident, c\u00e2nd conducerea politic\u0103 de la Bucure\u015fti p\u0103rea a accepta ideea industrializ\u0103rii Rom\u00e2niei prin importul de tehnologie de ultim\u0103 or\u0103, regimul comunist din Rom\u00e2nia s-a \u00eenchistat \u00eentr-un na\u0163ionalism absurd. \u201eConducerea de partid \u015fi ... 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