{"id":16917,"date":"2011-02-08T22:51:03","date_gmt":"2011-02-08T20:51:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=16917"},"modified":"2011-02-11T22:51:29","modified_gmt":"2011-02-11T20:51:29","slug":"lawrence-al-arabiei-un-print-al-aventurii-si-al-spiritului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/lawrence-al-arabiei-un-print-al-aventurii-si-al-spiritului\/","title":{"rendered":"Lawrence al Arabiei, un prin\u0163 al aventurii \u015fi al spiritului"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Un mare om moare \u00een urma unui accident stupid…<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen ziua de 28 februarie\u00a0\u00a0 1935, mecanicul-aviator Shaw p\u0103r\u0103sea Royal Air Force. Ca to\u0163i solda\u0163ii elibera\u0163i, avea \u015fi el boccelu\u0163a lui \u015fi p\u0103rea foarte mul\u0163umit. Shaw nu mai era chiar t\u00e2n\u0103r: patruzeci \u015fi \u015fapte de ani. Dar suficient ca s\u0103 se g\u00e2ndeasc\u0103 cu pl\u0103cere la ani lungi \u015fi numero\u015fi de pensie, \u00een diminea\u0163a aceea, mecanicul-aviator Shaw \u015fi-a prins la pantaloni agrafele ciclistului, \u015fi-a \u00eenf\u0103\u015furat fa\u0163a \u00eentr-un fular gros \u00een carouri \u015fi a \u00eenc\u0103lecat pe biciclet\u0103. \u015ei iat\u0103-l disp\u0103r\u00e2nd pe drumul \u00eengust ce ducea spre sud. Ce putea fi mai banal dec\u00e2t serviciul activ \u00een ziua trecerii lui \u00een rezerv\u0103?<\/p>\n

Mecanicul-aviator Shaw se \u00eendrepta spre Clouds Hills ca s\u0103 duc\u0103 o via\u0163\u0103 de rezervist. Celibatar convins, el a redus la minimum corvezile menajere; nu folosea lenjerie de pat, ci un sac de dormit, nu purta \u015fosete, ca s\u0103 evite sp\u0103larea lor. La unsprezece s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni dup\u0103 trecerea lui \u00een rezerv\u0103, pe 19 mai 1935, mecanicul-aviator Shaw murea \u00eentr-un accident de motociclet\u0103. Pe 21 mai, un om pl\u00e2ngea la moartea lui. Acest om se numea Winston Churchill. Cine a fost \u00eengropat \u00een acea zi \u00een micul sat englezesc?<\/p>\n

\u00cen realitate, omul care murise at\u00e2t de proste\u015fte \u00een acel decor de carte po\u015ftal\u0103 era un prin\u0163 al istoriei, una dintre personalit\u0103\u0163ile cele mai puternice \u015fi misterioase pe care le n\u0103scuse Europa. Mecanicul-aviator Shaw nu era altul dec\u00e2t Lawrence al Arabiei, spion, r\u0103zboinic surprinz\u0103tor, scriitor, autor al unei c\u0103r\u0163i geniale, Cei \u015fapte st\u00e2lpi ai \u00een\u0163elepciunii<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Un mare om cu doar 1,60 metri \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime<\/strong><\/p>\n

Via\u0163a lui, \u00een ciuda eforturilor meritorii ale numero\u015filor s\u0103i biografi, r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u015fi ast\u0103zi par\u0163ial \u00een \u00eentuneric. Ciudat personaj! Thomas Edward Lawrence era un galez, n\u0103scut \u00een 1888 la Tremadoc. Celt de ras\u0103 pur\u0103, era st\u0103p\u00e2nit de acea \u00eenclina\u0163ie irezistibil\u0103 pentru c\u0103l\u0103toriile \u00eendep\u0103rtate, pentru lupte \u015fi aventuri. \u00cenzestrat cu o energie pu\u0163in obi\u015fnuit\u0103, aceasta era \u00eent\u0103rit\u0103 printr-o \u201eanomalie” cu care destinul \u00eel marcase de parc\u0103 ar fi \u00eencercat s\u0103-l c\u0103leasc\u0103 \u015fi mai mult: Lawrence era mic de statur\u0103. M\u0103sura un metru \u015fi \u015faizeci de centimetri. \u00cen ciuda taliei, va exercita toat\u0103 via\u0163a un ascendent considerabil asupra tuturor celor din preajma lui. Avea o fa\u0163\u0103 energic\u0103 \u015fi ochii lui alba\u015ftri aveau o privire dur\u0103 ca o\u0163elul.<\/p>\n

Lawrence al Arabiei, pasionat de lumea arab\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Inteligen\u0163a lui era ie\u015fit\u0103 din comun, memoria, prodigioas\u0103: la dou\u0103zeci de ani citise totul \u015fi probabil c\u0103 \u00een\u0163elesese totul. Era pasionat \u00eendeosebi de marii strategi, precum Xenofon sau Napoleon. Anticonformismul \u015fi probabil atrac\u0163ia secret\u0103 \u015fi precoce pe care o avea pentru Orient l-au \u00eendep\u0103rtat de studiile clasice \u015fi l-au \u00eendreptat spre arheologie. La dou\u0103zeci \u015fi unu de ani, a p\u0103r\u0103sit Anglia \u015fi a str\u0103b\u0103tut cu bicicleta Libanul, Siria \u015fi Palestina. Se hr\u0103nea cu lapte \u015fi fructe, a \u00eenv\u0103\u0163at araba. Dar nimeni nu \u015ftia exact ce a f\u0103cut \u00een timpul acestei prime c\u0103l\u0103torii. Unii cred c\u0103 s-a amestecat cu drojdia societ\u0103\u0163ii din Beirut, al\u0163ii, c\u0103 a plecat \u00een misiune pentru serviciile secrete britanice. Deja \u00eencepea legenda. Un fapt este sigur: aceast\u0103 prim\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103torie a pecetluit destinul t\u00e2n\u0103rului. \u00ce\u015fi va consacra via\u0163a lumii \u015fi problemelor arabe.<\/p>\n

Sahun, iubirea lui Lawrence al Arabiei?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen 1910, cea de a doua c\u0103l\u0103torie \u00eel va duce pe malurile Eufratului. Ce s\u0103 fac\u0103 acolo? \u00cen mod oficial, s\u0103 studieze vestigiile civiliza\u0163iei hitite. Dar, \u00een 1910, se petreceau multe lucruri \u00een aceast\u0103 parte a lumii. Suntem cu patru ani \u00eenainte de \u00eenceputul Marelui R\u0103zboi. Germania construia calea ferat\u0103 Berlin – Bagdad \u015fi inginerii ei se aflau, ca din \u00eent\u00e2mplare, tot pe malurile Eufratului. Totu\u015fi, t\u00e2n\u0103rul Lawrence a aprofundat cunoa\u015fterea limbii \u015fi a obiceiurilor prietenilor lui arabi. Se \u00eembr\u0103ca, m\u00e2nca \u015fi dormea ca ei. \u00cen plus, impunea corpului s\u0103u fragil o disciplin\u0103 teribil\u0103. Tr\u0103ia ca un ascet.<\/p>\n

Lawrence s-a \u00eemprietenit cu un vechi bandit \u015fi, \u00een tov\u0103r\u0103\u015fia lui, cu picioarele goale \u015fi \u00een djellabah (bluz\u0103 lung\u0103), a parcurs de\u015fertul, explor\u00e2nd cele mai mici cotloane. \u00cen cursul acestei misterioase expedi\u0163ii prin de\u015fertul sirian, Lawrence va cunoa\u015fte un t\u00e2n\u0103r conduc\u0103tor de m\u0103gari de cincisprezece ani, Sahun. Sahun va pieri mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een lupte. Lawrence, care va trece prin cele mai rele primejdii \u015fi va suporta mii de suferin\u0163e, nu-\u015fi va potoli niciodat\u0103 durerea pricinuit\u0103 de moartea t\u00e2n\u0103rului s\u0103u prieten arab. Sahun a fost oare singura dragoste a lui Lawrence din Arabia?<\/p>\n

Lawrence a provocat un frumos scandal \u00een Anglia c\u00e2nd a venit \u00eenso\u0163it de banditul arab \u015fi de t\u00e2n\u0103rul conduc\u0103tor de m\u0103gari. Va fi v\u0103zut la Londra, el \u00eensu\u015fi \u00eembr\u0103cat \u00een arab, ar\u0103t\u00e2ndu-se \u00eempreun\u0103 cu cei doi prieteni ai s\u0103i. \u015ei se amuza tare mult de reac\u0163iile st\u00e2rnite \u00een r\u00e2ndul \u00eenaltei societ\u0103\u0163i britanice.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Devine spion britanic \u00een Egipt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen 1913, a plecat iar spre Orient. Dar, \u00een 1914, eroul nostru a fost reformat din cauza taliei mici! A fost repartizat la serviciul geografic al armatei cu gradul de sublocotenent, \u00eens\u0103, \u00een cur\u00e2nd, fiind cunosc\u0103tor al limbii arabe, va fi transferat la serviciile de informa\u0163ii ale Statului-Major britanic de la Cairo. De acum \u00eenainte, Lawrence va folosi toate mijloacele pentru realizarea unei idei personale, care \u00eei era foarte drag\u0103. Voia s\u0103 trezeasc\u0103 triburile beduine, regii de\u015fertului, pentru a-\u015fi rec\u0103p\u0103ta independen\u0163a de sub domina\u0163ia turceasc\u0103. Guvernul britanic era \u00eentru totul de acord, dar pentru alte ra\u0163iuni: s\u0103 st\u0103p\u00e2neasc\u0103 drumul Indiilor \u015fi s\u0103 contracareze influen\u0163a francez\u0103 din aceast\u0103 regiune.<\/p>\n

S-a revoltat, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu arabii, \u00eempotriva turcilor<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adev\u0103rata aventur\u0103 r\u0103zboinic\u0103 a lui Lawrence, ispr\u0103vile care i-au adus numele de Lawrence al Arabiei au \u00eenceput \u00een aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103. Sfid\u00e2nd foamea \u015fi setea, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103-i pese de pericolul de moarte permanent pe care \u00eel reprezentau bandele de jefuitori, Lawrence a str\u0103b\u0103tut de\u015fertul, incit\u00e2ndu-i pe \u015fefi la revolt\u0103. A pus la punct, cu mult \u00eenaintea lui Mao, Giap, Castro, metodele \u015fi strategia luptei de gheril\u0103. Grupuri mici de r\u0103zboinici rezisten\u0163i, \u00eendr\u0103zne\u0163i \u015fi cunosc\u0103tori ai terenului, au venit de hac armatei turce organizate \u015fi moderne. \u015ei, din ce \u00een ce mai mult, Lawrence a \u00eembr\u0103\u0163i\u015fat cauza arab\u0103 \u015fi lupta pentru ea mai mult dec\u00e2t pentru Anglia. Insurec\u0163ia s\u0103 se transforme \u00eentr-o recucerire \u015fi o eliberare – aceasta a devenit cauza personal\u0103 care se confunda cu propria lui via\u0163\u0103. Presim\u0163ea c\u0103 astfel va intra \u00een istorie.<\/p>\n

To\u0163i exper\u0163ii sunt ast\u0103zi de acord asupra transform\u0103rii lui Lawrence: din agent politic al \u0163\u0103rii sale devenise campionul cauzei na\u0163ionaliste arabe. Dar, la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul r\u0103zboiului, a constatat cu oroare c\u0103 arabii au trecut de la o domina\u0163ie la alta: Anglia ob\u0163inuse mandate de concesiune asupra Iranului, Palestinei \u015fi Transiordaniei; Fran\u0163a, asupra Libanului \u015fi Siriei. Or, Lawrence le promisese arabilor independen\u0163a. Se angajase personal. Deziluzia a fost foarte mare. Lawrence se sim\u0163ea la fel de frustrat ca \u015fi prietenii \u015fi proteja\u0163ii lui. Toate acele lupte formidabile \u00een mun\u0163ii de\u015fertului nu serviser\u0103 la nimic. Dar nu a renun\u0163at.<\/p>\n

Churchill, numit ministru al Coloniilor, l-a angajat consilier \u015fi cei doi b\u0103rba\u0163i \u015fi-au purtat o imens\u0103 \u015fi reciproc\u0103 admira\u0163ie. \u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, Lawrence al Arabiei se bucura de o formidabil\u0103 popularitate la Londra \u015fi faptele lui de arme intraser\u0103 \u00een legend\u0103. Totu\u015fi, nu va profita. Blazat, va \u00eentoarce spatele preocup\u0103rilor zadarnice ale politicii, minciunilor \u015fi mondenit\u0103\u0163ii ei ca s\u0103 apuce deodat\u0103 pe un alt drum.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Scriitorul Lawrence<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aventurierul era \u015fi un mare scriitor. \u00cen 1922, Lawrence a publicat o carte uimitoare: Cei \u015fapte st\u00e2lpi ai \u00een\u0163elepciunii.<\/em> Era o relatare a campaniilor din Arabia, ce nu constituia dec\u00e2t un pretext pentru profunde medita\u0163ii asupra condi\u0163iei umane, grandorii \u015fi servitutilor ei. Lumea literar\u0103 \u00eei deschidea por\u0163ile. Gloria lui se apropia de zenit. Doamnele din \u00eenalta societate se \u201etopeau” \u00een fa\u0163a acestui b\u0103rbat extraordinar, care reu\u015fea s\u0103 \u00eembine calit\u0103\u0163ile r\u0103zboinicului cu ale scriitorului. Bernard Shaw vorbea despre geniul s\u0103u. Churchill era prietenul lui. Pentru \u0162\u0103rile arabe, care presim\u0163eau importan\u0163a lor politic\u0103, el era prin\u0163ul venit din Europa. Avea gradul de colonel.<\/p>\n

Lawrence a hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103 se umileasc\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

La treizeci \u015fi patru de ani, reu\u015fise deja c\u00e2t altul \u00een mai multe vie\u0163i, \u015fi \u00een fa\u0163\u0103 i se deschidea o str\u0103lucit\u0103 carier\u0103 politic\u0103. Atunci, Thomas Lawrence a luat o hot\u0103r\u00e2re stupefiant\u0103. Ca s\u0103 fug\u0103 de aceste z\u0103d\u0103rnicii \u015fi s\u0103 nu se \u00eenece \u00een acest ocean de vanitate, s-a angajat sub un nume fals ca soldat clasa a doua \u00een Royal Air Force. A fost trimis la un depou din Uxbridge, unde m\u0103tura curtea, sp\u0103la vasele, closetele, cur\u0103\u0163a cartofi. C\u00e2torva prieteni mu\u0163i de uimire le-a m\u0103rturisit: \u201eUmilirea persoanei, \u0103sta este scopul pe care \u00eel urm\u0103resc!”<\/em><\/p>\n

Lawrence d\u0103 o lovitur\u0103 de stat \u015fi \u00een Afghanistan<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dar, p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103, s-a r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit zvonul c\u0103 soldatul Ross nu este altul dec\u00e2t colonelul Lawrence al Arabiei! \u015ei Royal Air Force i-a redat vie\u0163ii civile. Dar nu asta voia eroul nostru. \u00cen 1923, s-a \u00eenrolat din nou, dar de data aceasta la tancuri, \u00ee\u015fi spunea Shaw. Suporta antrenamentele \u201ealba\u015ftrilor” f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 murmure. \u00cen 1925, a reu\u015fit s\u0103 intre iar \u00een Royal Air Force sub acest nume fals \u015fi a fost expediat la Karachi. Ca din \u00eent\u00e2mplare, chiar \u00een acel moment, regele Afganistanului era detronat \u00een urma unei lovituri de stat. \u015ei un ziarist american a dat de urma lui Lawrence. Iat\u0103 ce scria: \u201eA\u015fa soldat clasa a II-a ar fi putut s\u0103 fie amestecat \u00een lovitur\u0103!”<\/em><\/p>\n

Moartea unui prin\u0163 al aventurii<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stupoare! Lawrence a fost chemat \u00een Anglia \u015fi, de data aceasta, eliberat de-a binelea. L-am v\u0103zut la patruzeci \u015fi \u015fapte de ani, mecanic-aviator, pun\u00e2ndu-\u015fi bocceaua la spate \u015fi \u00eenc\u0103lec\u00e2nd pe biciclet\u0103. Dar o va schimba \u00een cur\u00e2nd cu o motociclet\u0103. Nemaiav\u00e2nd niciun asalt de dat, f\u0103r\u0103 fortifica\u0163ii de escaladat, f\u0103r\u0103 dezastre de traversat, f\u0103r\u0103 intrigi de urzit, dup\u0103 ce spusese \u015fi scrisese totul \u00eentr-una dintre lucr\u0103rile cele mai importante ale acestui secol, ce-i mai r\u0103m\u00e2nea? Viteza. Locuitorii satelor din regiunea Moreton au v\u0103zut atunci cu spaim\u0103 \u0163\u00e2\u015fnind acel necunoscut care, sub numele de Shaw, sfida legile echilibrului pe micile lor drumuri. \u201eUn nebun”, \u00ee\u015fi ziseser\u0103 ei. Un nebun? Poate. Un prin\u0163 al aventurii \u015fi al spiritului? Cu siguran\u0163\u0103!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un mare om moare \u00een urma unui accident stupid… \u00cen ziua de 28 februarie\u00a0\u00a0 1935, mecanicul-aviator Shaw p\u0103r\u0103sea Royal Air Force. Ca to\u0163i solda\u0163ii elibera\u0163i, avea \u015fi el boccelu\u0163a lui \u015fi p\u0103rea foarte mul\u0163umit. Shaw nu mai era chiar t\u00e2n\u0103r: … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[452,3756,386,549,1532,3961,392],"class_list":["post-16917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-arabi","tag-cairo","tag-egipt","tag-imperiul-otoman","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-lawrence-al-arabiei","tag-marea-britanie","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nLawrence al Arabiei, un prin\u0163 al aventurii \u015fi al spiritului - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/lawrence-al-arabiei-un-print-al-aventurii-si-al-spiritului\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lawrence al Arabiei, un prin\u0163 al aventurii \u015fi al spiritului\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un mare om moare \u00een urma unui accident stupid… \u00cen ziua de 28 februarie\u00a0\u00a0 1935, mecanicul-aviator Shaw p\u0103r\u0103sea Royal Air Force. Ca to\u0163i solda\u0163ii elibera\u0163i, avea \u015fi el boccelu\u0163a lui \u015fi p\u0103rea foarte mul\u0163umit. Shaw nu mai era chiar t\u00e2n\u0103r: ... 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