{"id":14899,"date":"2010-10-21T21:27:57","date_gmt":"2010-10-21T18:27:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=14899"},"modified":"2010-12-03T20:12:18","modified_gmt":"2010-12-03T17:12:18","slug":"george-sand-femeia-scriitor-cu-pantaloni-ce-a-produs-furori-in-franta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/george-sand-femeia-scriitor-cu-pantaloni-ce-a-produs-furori-in-franta\/","title":{"rendered":"George Sand, femeia-scriitor cu pantaloni, ce a produs furori \u00een Fran\u0163a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"George<\/a>O t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 femeie \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 ca un b\u0103rbat!<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen ziua de 4 ianuarie 1831, o t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 femeie, cu adev\u0103rat bizar\u0103, sosea la Paris cu diligen\u0163a. Venea din Berry. Avea dou\u0103zeci \u015fi \u015fapte de ani. \u015ei ceea ce o f\u0103cea s\u0103 fie ciudat\u0103 nu era nici v\u00e2rsta, nici originea, ci mai degrab\u0103 ceea ce mul\u0163i vor numi \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintea ei caraghioas\u0103. Iat-o cobor\u00e2nd din tr\u0103sur\u0103, \u015fi fiind contemplat\u0103 imediat de o mul\u0163ime de gur\u0103-casc\u0103. B\u0103rba\u0163ii se uitau ironici, femeile scandalizate. T\u00e2n\u0103ra purta pe cap o \u015fapc\u0103, era \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 cu o hain\u0103 de catifea, pantaloni de v\u00e2n\u0103toare \u015fi \u00een picioare avea cizme. Poate c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 amintim c\u0103, \u00een ajunul r\u0103zboiului din 1914, o femeie nu putea s\u0103 se plimbe \u00een costum de b\u0103rbat f\u0103r\u0103 autoriza\u0163ia special\u0103 a prefectului de poli\u0163ie! Pare de necrezut, dar a\u015fa este! \u015ei ne g\u0103sim \u00een 1831!<\/p>\n

Cine era aceast\u0103 t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103, mic\u0103 de statur\u0103, foarte brunet\u0103, cu fa\u0163a prelung\u0103 \u015fi ochi negri splendizi cu pleoape grele? Voia s\u0103 provoace scandal? Era o femeie lipsit\u0103 de virtute? Deloc. Cu o sut\u0103 optzeci de ani mai devreme, ea le anun\u0163a pe tinerele noastre femei de azi c\u0103rora nimeni nu le mai repro\u015feaz\u0103 ca se \u00eembrac\u0103 astfel. Dar, mai ales, ea onoreaz\u0103 literatura, \u00een acel \u00eenceput de an, Amandine Aurore Lucile Dupin de Francueil privea pentru prima oar\u0103 Parisul. Mai t\u00e2rziu, devenind George Sand, Parisul o va privi pe ea.<\/p>\n

Aurore, \u00eenv\u0103\u0163at\u0103 s\u0103 poarte pantaloni de la hipism<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aurore Dupin nu era o persoan\u0103 oarecare \u015fi scandalul pe care l-a provocat a fost r\u0103sun\u0103tor. Dup\u0103 str\u0103bunicul ei, mare\u015falul de Saxa, descindea din familia Koenigsmarck. \u015ei-a petrecut copil\u0103ria la Nohant, \u00een Berry, l\u00e2ng\u0103 bunica pe care o va iubi mult. P\u00e2n\u0103 la v\u00e2rsta de cincisprezece ani, micu\u0163a Aurore a tr\u0103it liber\u0103 pe c\u00e2mpurile din Berry. Apoi, a venit vremea s\u0103 \u00eenve\u0163e purt\u0103rile alese. Aurore a fost trimis\u0103 la m\u0103n\u0103stirea parizian\u0103 a englezoaicelor. Acolo se va cultiva, va \u00eenv\u0103\u0163a s\u0103 c\u00e2nte la pian \u015fi la harp\u0103. La \u015faisprezce ani, Aurore s-a \u00eentors la Nohant. Primarul ora\u015fului, Deschartres, i-a completat educa\u0163ia \u00een felul s\u0103u: a \u00eenv\u0103\u0163at-o s\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103reasc\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 v\u00e2neze. A \u00eencurajat-o pe t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eembrace pantaloni \u015fi s\u0103-\u015fi pun\u0103 bluza \u0163\u0103ranilor din Berry. Este, \u00eentr-adev\u0103r, mai comod s\u0103 str\u0103ba\u0163i a\u015fa c\u00e2mpurile c\u0103lare.<\/p>\n

Se m\u0103rit\u0103 cu un militar brutal \u015fi are prima dez\u0103m\u0103gire \u00een dragoste<\/strong><\/p>\n

Optsprezece ani era v\u00e2rsta la care se m\u0103ritau fetele de familie bun\u0103. Aurore \u00ee\u015fi f\u0103cuse o idee deosebit\u0103 despre c\u0103s\u0103torie. I-a fost prezentat un sublocotenent, Casimir Dudevant, un obi\u015fnuit al garnizoanelor \u015fi tavernelor. Aurore s-a \u00eendr\u0103gostit. Totul va merge bine p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een noaptea nun\u0163ii. Dar, \u00een diminea\u0163a ce a urmat acestui eveniment, Aurore \u00ee\u015fi va fi ales calea: va lupta pentru emanciparea femeilor. Ce s-a petrecut \u00een noaptea aceea?<\/p>\n

Casimir Dudevant era un mare amator de fete u\u015foare din Cartierul Latin \u015fi din tavernele de tot soiul. Militar brutal \u015fi expeditiv, nu-i trecea prin minte c\u0103 nu toate femeile se aseam\u0103n\u0103 cu cuceririle lui \u015fi c\u0103, \u00een special, so\u0163ia lui era foarte deosebit\u0103: o t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 de optsprezece ani, bl\u00e2nd\u0103, cultivat\u0103, vis\u0103toare, nu putea fi tratat\u0103 ca desfr\u00e2natele. Pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een bra\u0163ele unui b\u0103rbat, Aurore va fi zdruncinat\u0103, \u00eensp\u0103im\u00e2ntat\u0103, sc\u00e2rbit\u0103. Mai t\u00e2rziu, va scrie fratelui ei: \u201eNimic nu e mai \u00eengrozitor dec\u00e2t spaima, suferin\u0163a \u015fi dezgustul unei biete copile care nu \u015ftia nimic \u015fi se vede violat\u0103 de o brut\u0103 (…). Le cre\u015ftem ca pe ni\u015fte sfinte, apoi le d\u0103m ca pe ni\u015fte iepe tinere”.<\/em> Casimir, total incon\u015ftient, \u00eei va repro\u015fa so\u0163iei sale lipsa de senzualitate \u015fi de zel!<\/p>\n

Revolta Aurorei<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pe 30 iunie 1823, Aurore va na\u015fte un fiu. Totu\u015fi, leg\u0103turile dintre cei doi so\u0163i vor sl\u0103bi p\u00e2n\u0103 la dispari\u0163ie. Pentru c\u0103, \u00een spatele unei aparente fragilit\u0103\u0163i, a ie\u015fit la iveal\u0103 o voin\u0163\u0103 de fier. Aurore s-a revoltat. Bine\u00een\u0163eles, era foarte con\u015ftient\u0103 c\u0103 aceast\u0103 revolt\u0103 o va putea duce departe. \u015ei o va duce mai \u00eent\u00e2i la Paris. Aurore avea acela\u015fi impuls ca femeile de azi \u015fi \u00eel exprima \u00een acela\u015fi fel: dorea s\u0103 fie independent\u0103, s\u0103-\u015fi c\u00e2\u015ftige singur\u0103 existen\u0163a.<\/p>\n

Aurore devine George Sand<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u0103zut\u0103 ca o p\u0103s\u0103ric\u0103 nevinovat\u0103 \u00een patul unui necioplit, ea caut\u0103 bl\u00e2nde\u0163ea \u015fi dragostea romantic\u0103. A\u015fa va face cuno\u015ftin\u0163\u0103 cu un scriitor foarte t\u00e2n\u0103r care abia urma s\u0103 \u00eemplineasc\u0103 dou\u0103zeci de ani: Jules Sandeau. A devenit amanta lui. \u015ei din aceast\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103, prima nelegitim\u0103, se va na\u015fte un pseudonim care va r\u0103m\u00e2ne celebru: Sand. De acum \u00eenainte, Aurore Dudevant, n\u0103scut\u0103 Dupin de Francueil, se va numi George Sand.<\/p>\n

Aurore s-a apucat de scris<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sandeau cuno\u015ftea Parisul \u015fi mediul lui literar. Aurore Dudevant, ca s\u0103-\u015fi c\u00e2\u015ftige existen\u0163a, a \u00eenceput s\u0103 picteze evantaie, paravane, t\u0103vi. Dar aceast\u0103 activitate \u00eei aducea pu\u0163ini bani. S-a g\u00e2ndit s\u0103 scrie. \u00cen colaborare cu Jules Sandeau, a scris primul ei roman: Rose \u015fi Blanche<\/em>. Cartea a ob\u0163inut un anumit succes, dar purta o singur\u0103 semn\u0103tur\u0103: Jules Sandeau.<\/p>\n

Aurore s-a g\u00e2ndit atunci s\u0103 scrie singur\u0103 o carte \u00een care s\u0103-\u015fi expun\u0103 ideile \u015fi chiar revendic\u0103rile. S-a pus pe lucru. \u015ei, \u00eentr-o bun\u0103 diminea\u0163\u0103, a ap\u0103rut un roman semnat de un autor necunoscut: George Sand. Acest roman se numea Indiana<\/em>. Cartea a avut un mare succes.<\/p>\n

\"George<\/a>Femeia purta un pumnal<\/strong><\/p>\n

Balzac, Alfred de Vigny, Stendhal, Sainte-Beuve, Flaubert au devenit prietenii micu\u0163ei din Berry, nonconformistei care de acum \u00eenainte \u00eei va frecventa pe cei mai mari scriitori ai timpului. A \u00eenceput s\u0103 fumeze \u0163ig\u0103ri, \u0163ig\u0103ri de foi \u015fi chiar pip\u0103. \u00ce\u015fi primea prietenii \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 \u00een pantaloni \u015fi cu un mic pumnal la centur\u0103. Colabora la Revue des deux mondes<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Aman\u0163ii lui George Sand<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00centr-o sear\u0103 de prim\u0103var\u0103 a anului 1833, a fost invitat\u0103 la restaurant \u00eempreun\u0103 cu to\u0163i cei care scriau la aceast\u0103 revist\u0103. La cap\u0103tul mesei, a remarcat un t\u00e2n\u0103r dandy orgolios, foarte preocupat de el \u00eensu\u015fi \u015fi, \u00een special, de toaleta lui, cu un aer de afemeiat, care ar fi fost demn de dispre\u0163 dac\u0103 nu ar fi fost foarte frumos. \u00cen plus, atunci c\u00e2nd voia, nu era lipsit de spirit. Acest t\u00e2n\u0103r va inaugura seria marilor aman\u0163i romantici ai lui George Sand: se numea Alfred de Musset.<\/p>\n

\u00cen decembrie 1833, cei doi \u00eendr\u0103gosti\u0163i au plecat \u00een Italia. Dar aceast\u0103 c\u0103l\u0103torie, care trebuia s\u0103 poarte la zenit dragostea lor, a luat o \u00eentors\u0103tur\u0103 rea. George Sand s-a \u00eemboln\u0103vit: avea dizenterie. Musset, care visase un pelerinaj doar sub semnul dragostei \u015fi al culturii, suporta r\u0103u aceast\u0103 existen\u0163\u0103 \u00een camerele murdare ale hanurilor unde – scrie Jean Galzy – \u201eo femeie gem\u00e2nd se \u0163\u00e2ra sau st\u0103tea \u00eentins\u0103 pe unul dintre acele paturi improvizate, \u00een mijlocul dezordinii bagajelor”.<\/em> Lipsit de ocupa\u0163ie, dezam\u0103git, Musset r\u0103t\u0103cea pe str\u0103zile Pisei sau ale Floren\u0163ei \u015fi \u00ee\u015fi petrecea timpul cu femeile u\u015foare.<\/p>\n

George Sand l-a dus la Vene\u0163ia. Musset s-a \u00eemboln\u0103vit \u015fi el. Medicul chemat s\u0103-l \u00eengrijeasc\u0103 s-a \u00eendr\u0103gostit de George. Musset \u015fi-a dat seama \u015fi s-a \u00eenfuriat. Marea pasiune sublim\u0103 s-a terminat ca o fars\u0103 \u00een stil italian. \u00cen martie 1835, George Sand \u015fi Alfred de Musset s-au desp\u0103r\u0163it definitiv. \u00cen privin\u0163a dragostei, au tr\u0103it un adev\u0103rat infern.<\/p>\n

S\u0103 intri \u00een via\u0163a lui George Sand, s\u0103 vorbe\u015fti despre c\u0103r\u0163ile, despre comportamentul, despre aman\u0163ii, despre interven\u0163iile ei politice nu are sens dec\u00e2t dac\u0103 ne amintim \u00een fiecare clip\u0103 c\u0103 era o femeie care tr\u0103ia la \u00eenceputul secolului al XIX-lea. Reprezenta \u00een toate privin\u0163ele o adev\u0103rat\u0103 provocare, o sfidare adresat\u0103 unei societ\u0103\u0163i \u00een care femeia nu avea dreptul de a se exprima.<\/p>\n

\"George<\/a>George Sand, \u00eendr\u0103gostit\u0103 de Chopin<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen ziua de 10 octombrie 1837, George Sand a asistat la o serat\u0103 muzical\u0103 la contesa Czosnowska. La pian se afla un adev\u0103rat magician, un t\u00e2n\u0103r \u00eenalt, blond, palid, timid, rezervat. Abia r\u0103spundea la \u00eentreb\u0103rile ei. George era subjugat\u0103 de arta acestui muzician-compozitor \u015fi a \u00eencercat s\u0103-l revad\u0103. Dar el era reticent \u015fi chiar neatent. Tu\u015fea mult \u015fi suferea des de accese de febr\u0103. P\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103, George Sand a reu\u015fit s\u0103-l conving\u0103 s\u0103 plece \u00een Sudul \u00eensorit unde ar fi putut s\u0103 se trateze. Astfel, \u00eentr-o diminea\u0163\u0103, au plecat am\u00e2ndoi: George Sand \u015fi Frederic Chopin. Dup\u0103 Musset, Chopin. Micu\u0163a din Berry \u015ftia s\u0103-\u015fi aleag\u0103 aman\u0163ii!<\/p>\n

La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului 1838, iat\u0103-i pe celebrii no\u015ftri \u00eendr\u0103gosti\u0163i \u00een insula Majorca. Au ales o veche m\u0103n\u0103stire abandonat\u0103, la Valdemosa. \u00cen cur\u00e2nd, Chopin \u015fi-a primit pianul \u015fi a \u00eenceput s\u0103 compun\u0103 cu bucurie \u015fi \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103rare. Dar \u00een ianuarie, chiar \u015fi \u00een Majorca, se \u00eent\u00e2mpla ca frigul s\u0103 fie puternic. \u015ei a\u015fa a \u015fi fost. Frigul \u015fi ploaia au p\u0103truns \u00een cl\u0103direa prost \u00eenc\u0103lzit\u0103. George \u015fi Frederic d\u00e2rd\u00e2iau. \u00cen loc s\u0103 se vindece, Chopin s-a \u00eemboln\u0103vit \u015fi mai r\u0103u. Tu\u015fea din ce \u00een ce mai tare.<\/p>\n

Aman\u0163ii s-au \u00eentors \u00een Fran\u0163a. George l-a dus pe Chopin la ea acas\u0103, \u00een Berry. Muzicianului i-a pl\u0103cut aici \u015fi a compus c\u00e2teva dintre cele mai frumoase sonate ale sale. George se purta fa\u0163\u0103 de el cu o grij\u0103 matern\u0103. \u015ei au trecut a\u015fa opt ani. Atunci, s-a petrecut o dram\u0103 \u00een via\u0163a lui George Sand. Fiica ei, Solange, abia c\u0103s\u0103torit\u0103, s-a \u00eentors \u00eempotriva mamei ei \u015fi, folosindu-se de mii de intrigi, a reu\u015fit s\u0103-i \u00eenvr\u0103jbeasc\u0103 pe cei doi iubi\u0163i, \u00een noiembrie 1846, marele muzician a p\u0103r\u0103sit Berry-ul \u015fi nu s-a mai \u00eentors. Un an mai t\u00e2rziu, murea murmur\u00e2nd: \u201e\u00eemi spusese totu\u015fi c\u0103 nu voi muri dec\u00e2t \u00een bra\u0163ele ei”.<\/em><\/p>\n

George Sand dorea s\u0103 se implice \u00een ac\u0163iuni politice<\/strong><\/p>\n

De acum \u00eenainte, George Sand nu va mai tr\u0103i dec\u00e2t la Nohant. Va scrie „Frangois, copilul g\u0103sit”, „Micu\u0163a Fadette”, „Balta diavolului”<\/em>. \u00cen ultimii ani de via\u0163\u0103, i se spunea \u201ebuna doamn\u0103 de la Nohant”. Primea numero\u015fi prieteni care veneau cam de peste tot. \u00cen\u0163elesese c\u0103 emanciparea social\u0103 a femeii trebuia s\u0103 \u00eenceap\u0103 cu emanciparea politic\u0103. De aceea, dup\u0103 c\u0103derea lui Louis-Philippe, s-a angajat de partea Revolu\u0163iei. \u015ei, c\u00e2nd \u015fi-a dat seama c\u0103 aceasta va fi confiscat\u0103 de Napoleon al IlI-lea, s-a retras, dezam\u0103git\u0103 de ac\u0163iunea politic\u0103. A\u015fadar, iat\u0103 o mare doamn\u0103 care, \u00een plin secol al XIX-lea, \u00eentruchipeaz\u0103, \u00een felul ei, dar \u00een mod str\u0103lucit, ceea ce tinerele femei de azi numesc eliberarea femeii. Evadeaz\u0103 din mediul ei, se revolt\u0103 at\u00e2t ca so\u0163ie, c\u00e2t \u015fi ca scriitoare, dornic\u0103 s\u0103-\u015fi cucereasc\u0103 independen\u0163a.<\/p>\n

Flaubert \u00eei va scrie lui Turgheniev: \u201eAm pl\u00e2ns la \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntarea ei ca un vi\u0163el (…) Ar fi trebuit s-o cuno\u015fti a\u015fa cum am cunoscut-o eu ca s\u0103 \u00een\u0163elegi tot ce era feminin \u00een acest mare om”.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 femeie \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 ca un b\u0103rbat! \u00cen ziua de 4 ianuarie 1831, o t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 femeie, cu adev\u0103rat bizar\u0103, sosea la Paris cu diligen\u0163a. Venea din Berry. Avea dou\u0103zeci \u015fi \u015fapte de ani. \u015ei ceea ce o f\u0103cea s\u0103 fie … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[3612,9798,202,3611,1933,1534],"class_list":["post-14899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cultura","tag-chopin","tag-cultura","tag-franta","tag-george-sand","tag-pantaloni","tag-scriitoare","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nGeorge Sand, femeia-scriitor cu pantaloni, ce a produs furori \u00een Fran\u0163a - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/george-sand-femeia-scriitor-cu-pantaloni-ce-a-produs-furori-in-franta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"George Sand, femeia-scriitor cu pantaloni, ce a produs furori \u00een Fran\u0163a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"O t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 femeie \u00eembr\u0103cat\u0103 ca un b\u0103rbat! \u00cen ziua de 4 ianuarie 1831, o t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 femeie, cu adev\u0103rat bizar\u0103, sosea la Paris cu diligen\u0163a. Venea din Berry. Avea dou\u0103zeci \u015fi \u015fapte de ani. \u015ei ceea ce o f\u0103cea s\u0103 fie ... 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