{"id":1486,"date":"2020-02-12T15:30:00","date_gmt":"2020-02-12T13:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=1486"},"modified":"2020-02-12T15:49:02","modified_gmt":"2020-02-12T13:49:02","slug":"secretul-calendarului-aztec","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/secretul-calendarului-aztec\/","title":{"rendered":"Misteriosul calendar aztec &#8211; opera extraterestrului Quetzalcoatl?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/11\/calendarul-aztec.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-66655\" src=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/11\/calendarul-aztec.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"347\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/11\/calendarul-aztec.jpg 347w, https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/wp-content\/uploads\/2008\/11\/calendarul-aztec-300x237.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\" \/><\/a>Descoperit \u00een 1790, \u00een timpul lucr\u0103rilor de pavare a Pie\u0163ei Mari din ora\u015ful Mexico City, enigmaticul disc de piatr\u0103 este cunoscut acum sub denumirea Calendarul Aztec sau Piatra celui de al Cincilea Soare. Dimensiunile sale sunt impresionante: un diametru de 3,56 metri, grosime de 1,40 metri \u015fi o greutate de 25 de tone. \u00cens\u0103 mult mai impresionante sunt semnifica\u0163iile multiple pe care le ascund desenele sale, odinioar\u0103 \u00eempodobite de culorile pline de via\u0163\u0103 pe care le foloseau aztecii \u00een pictur\u0103. Se afla \u00eengropat la mic\u0103 ad\u00e2ncime, cu partea sculptat\u0103 \u00een jos.<\/p>\n<p>Prin ansamblul complex al semnelor sculptate cu o precizie remarcabil\u0103, misteriosul obiect p\u0103streaz\u0103 \u015fi transmite o serie de \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103turi \u015fi cuno\u015ftin\u0163e care reprezint\u0103 o ampl\u0103 sinteza a astronomiei, a religiei \u015fi a filosofiei popoarelor precolumbiene. Calendarul aztec dateaz\u0103 din epoca lui Axayacatl &#8211; al \u015faselea rege aztec, a c\u0103rui domnie a durat din 1469 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1481 &#8211; dar este replic\u0103 unei pietre mult mai vechi. Aztecii atribuie inventarea acestuia lui Quetzalcoatl, o fiin\u0163\u0103 mitico-istoric\u0103 (simbolul \u00een\u0163elepciunii aztece tradi\u0163ionale) despre care se spune c\u0103 ar fi descoperit un sistem simbolico-matematic, folosit at\u00e2t pentru calculul timpului, c\u00e2t \u015fi pentru practic\u0103 divina\u0163iei.<\/p>\n<p>Cunoscut \u015fi sub denumirea de Cupa Vulturului sau Piatra celui de al Cincilea Soare, calendarul con\u0163ine numeroase imagini simbolice dispuse circular \u00een jurul figurii centrale Tonatiuh &#8211; Cel de al Cincilea Soare &#8211; st\u0103p\u00e2nul ciclurilor temporale. La st\u00e2nga \u015fi la dreapta figurii centrale, apar m\u00e2inile care \u0163in, fiecare dintre ele, c\u00e2te o inim\u0103 uman\u0103 &#8211; simbol al sacrificiului f\u0103r\u0103 de care traiectul solar nu poate fi urmat. Cele patru figuri \u00eencadrate de chenare, dispuse \u00een jurul Soarelui central, reprezint\u0103 datele la care fiecare Soare precedent (simboliz\u00e2nd c\u00e2te o v\u00e2rst\u0103 a omenirii) a fost distrus. \u00cen careul din v\u00e2rf este reprezentat\u0103 ziua Ro\u015fu 13, cea \u00een care s-a n\u0103scut Cel de al Cincilea Soare. Cercul urm\u0103tor con\u0163ine 20 de hieroglife, asociate numelor zilelor. Pe urm\u0103torul cerc sunt reprezentate &#8222;cele opt raze ascu\u0163ite&#8221;. Cercul exterior este format din doi \u015ferpi care se \u00eent\u00e2lnesc fa\u0163\u0103 \u00een fa\u0163\u0103, simboliz\u00e2nd contrariile \u015fi aspectul dual al lumii.<\/p>\n<p>Celebra Piatr\u0103 a Soarelui cuprinde \u00een acela\u015fi timp formule matematice pentru calculul timpului \u015fi o serie de chei de interpretare a semnelor astrologice. Maya\u015fii (ca \u015fi urma\u015fii acestora, aztecii, ca de altfel \u00eentreaga popula\u0163ie de amerindieni a Americii Centrale) foloseau dou\u0103 calendare diferite. Unul solar, dup\u0103 care se orientau agricultorii, cei ce se ocupau cu legile \u015fi finan\u0163ele. Acesta era alc\u0103tuit din 18 luni de c\u00e2te 20 de zile fiecare (\u00eensum\u00e2nd a\u015fadar 360 de zile), plus cinci zile la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul anului, considerate ghinioniste. Anii bisec\u0163i erau ignora\u0163i pentru un interval de 52 de ani, la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul c\u0103rora se ad\u0103ugau 13 zile (recuper\u00e2ndu-se astfel zilele pierdute) \u015fi \u00eentregul ciclu se relu\u0103 de la \u00eenceput.<\/p>\n<p>Cel de-al doilea calendar, numit &#8222;sacru&#8221;, era cel dup\u0103 care se desf\u0103\u015furau evenimentele religioase, festivalurile \u015fi prezicerile. Acesta era format din 13 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni a c\u00e2te 20 de zile fiecare, cu un total de 260 de zile. At\u00e2t calendarul civil, c\u00e2t \u015fi cel religios erau urmate, \u00een paralel, ajung\u00e2ndu-se ca acestea s\u0103 aib\u0103 aceea\u015fi pozi\u0163ie unul fa\u0163\u0103 de altul la sf\u00e2r\u015fitul unui interval de 52 de ani.<\/p>\n<p>Calendarul a fost utilizat p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een 1521, ocup\u00e2nd un loc de cinste \u00een Templul Mare din Tenochtitlan dar, c\u00e2nd acesta a fost distrus de conchistadori, care au ras ora\u015ful de pe fa\u0163a p\u0103m\u00e2ntului, calendarul a fost \u00eengropat pentru a \u00eempiedica idolatrizarile. Din 1964 calendarul domina &#8222;Sala Mexican\u0103&#8221; din cl\u0103direa nou\u0103 a Muzeului Na\u0163ional de Antropologie, construit\u0103 pe locul unde se afla p\u0103durea Chapultepec&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Exist\u0103 \u015fi interpret\u0103ri ale simbolurilor inscrip\u0163ionate pe discul de piatr\u0103 care-i confer\u0103 Calendarului Aztec valente de horoscop. Astfel, \u00een func\u0163ie de data na\u015fterii, semnul semnul zodiacal poate fi: Ap\u0103 (2-21 februarie), Prim\u0103vara (22 februarie &#8211; 13 martie), Floare (14 martie &#8211; 2 aprilie), C\u00e2mp (3 &#8211; 22 aprilie), Usc\u0103ciune (23 aprilie &#8211; 12 mai), Alimente (13 mai &#8211; 1 iunie), Sare (2 &#8211; 21 iunie), Porumb (22 iunie &#8211; 11 iulie), S\u0103rb\u0103toare (12 &#8211; 31 iulie), Foc (1 august &#8211; 20 august), P\u0103m\u00e2ntul mama (21 august &#8211; 9 septembrie), \u00centoarcerea zeilor (10 &#8211; 29 septembrie), Munte (30 septembrie &#8211; 19 octombrie), V\u00e2n\u0103toare (20 octombrie &#8211; 8 noiembrie), Pene (9 &#8211; 28 noiembrie), Ploaie (29 noiembrie &#8211; 18 decembrie), Astre (19 decembrie &#8211; 7 ianuarie) \u015fi Cre\u015ftere (8 ianuarie &#8211; 1 februarie).<\/p>\n<p>Poporul aztec ofer\u0103 o nou\u0103 viziune asupra vie\u0163ii, care dateaz\u0103 &#8211; paradoxal &#8211; de sute de ani, \u015focant\u0103 poate pentru g\u00e2ndirea modern\u0103, dar care descoper\u0103 un adev\u0103r despre omul care, de-a lungul istoriei, a \u00eencercat mereu s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 r\u0103spunsuri la acelea\u015fi \u00eentreb\u0103ri, la marile enigme ale naturii, ale fiin\u0163ei umane \u015fi ale Divinit\u0103\u0163ii.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Descoperit \u00een 1790, \u00een timpul lucr\u0103rilor de pavare a Pie\u0163ei Mari din ora\u015ful Mexico City, enigmaticul disc de piatr\u0103 este cunoscut acum sub denumirea Calendarul Aztec sau Piatra celui de al Cincilea Soare. Dimensiunile sale sunt impresionante: un diametru de &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"Misteriosul calendar aztec &#8211; opera extraterestrului Quetzalcoatl?\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/secretul-calendarului-aztec\/#more-1486\" aria-label=\"Cite\u0219te mai multe despre Misteriosul calendar aztec &#8211; opera extraterestrului Quetzalcoatl?\">Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":66655,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[55,208,342,1532,489],"class_list":["post-1486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-arheologie","tag-azteci","tag-calendar","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-mayasi"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.3 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Misteriosul calendar aztec - opera extraterestrului Quetzalcoatl? - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/secretul-calendarului-aztec\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Misteriosul calendar aztec - opera extraterestrului Quetzalcoatl?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Descoperit \u00een 1790, \u00een timpul lucr\u0103rilor de pavare a Pie\u0163ei Mari din ora\u015ful Mexico City, enigmaticul disc de piatr\u0103 este cunoscut acum sub denumirea Calendarul Aztec sau Piatra celui de al Cincilea Soare. 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Dimensiunile sale sunt impresionante: un diametru de ... 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