{"id":14363,"date":"2010-09-17T22:13:50","date_gmt":"2010-09-17T19:13:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=14363"},"modified":"2010-09-25T22:03:04","modified_gmt":"2010-09-25T19:03:04","slug":"asasinarea-lui-lev-trotki-inamicul-public-nr-1-al-lui-stalin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/asasinarea-lui-lev-trotki-inamicul-public-nr-1-al-lui-stalin\/","title":{"rendered":"Asasinarea lui Lev Tro\u0163ki, inamicul public nr.1 al lui Stalin"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Tro\u0163ki<\/a>Marelui Stalin \u00eei era fric\u0103 de Tro\u0163ki<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kremlin, august 1939. Cine era cel mai puternic om din Rusia? Bine\u00een\u0163eles c\u0103 Iosif Vissarionovici Stalin. Dictatorul sovietic nu se temea pentru puterea lui. Formidabila poli\u0163ie condus\u0103 de Beria lucra pentru lini\u015ftea sa. Dup\u0103 moartea lui Lenin, adversarii lui fuseser\u0103 elimina\u0163i: asasina\u0163i, deporta\u0163i. Totu\u015fi, nu era satisf\u0103cut. O otrav\u0103 teribil\u0103 \u00eei rodea zi dup\u0103 zi sufletul tenebros. \u00cen ciuda puterii de care dispunea, \u00een ciuda terorii pe care o inspira tuturor, privirea \u00eei r\u0103m\u00e2nea fixat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eencetare asupra unui t\u00e2rgu\u015for din \u00eemprejurimile ora\u015fului Mexico: Coyoacan. De ce? Cine \u00eel \u00eempiedica pe dictator s\u0103 doarm\u0103? Cine s-a dus s\u0103 se ascund\u0103 a\u015fa de departe spre a-i provoca at\u00e2ta fric\u0103?<\/p>\n

Omul care \u00eel nelini\u015ftea pe Stalin era Lev Tro\u0163ki, ultimul supravie\u0163uitor dintre conduc\u0103torii care fuseser\u0103 al\u0103turi de Lenin p\u00e2n\u0103 la moarte. Cel din urm\u0103 \u015fi de asemenea cel mai mare, cel mai important, cel mai primejdios pentru satrapul de la Kremlin. Sigur, for\u0163a lui Tro\u0163ki consta mai \u00eent\u00e2i \u00een ideile lui, apoi \u00een prestigiul s\u0103u interna\u0163ional. Dar, contrar a ceea ce s-ar putea crede, nu \u00een asta consta pericolul esen\u0163ial \u00een ochii lui Stalin: ideile lui Tro\u0163ki nu aveau nicio \u015fans\u0103 s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103, s\u0103 agite Uniunea Sovietic\u0103. Poli\u0163ia veghea. Acea poli\u0163ie devenit\u0103 faimoas\u0103: KGB, GPU sau NVD, sau NKVD.<\/p>\n

Stalin speriat de o simpl\u0103 carte<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nu, Stalin se temea p\u00e2n\u0103 la urm\u0103 mai pu\u0163in de ideile lui Lev Tro\u0163ki \u015fi mai mult de altceva. Acest \u201ealtceva” \u00eel obseda. De ce \u00eei era at\u00e2t fric\u0103 celui pe care \u00eensu\u015fi Tro\u0163ki \u00eel numise \u201e\u015facalul” de la Kremlin? Lui Stalin \u00eei era fric\u0103 de o carte intitulat\u0103 pur \u015fi simplu: Biografia lui Stalin.<\/em> Nu numai c\u0103 cel mai periculos \u015fi cel mai implacabil dintre adversarii lui tr\u0103ia \u00eenc\u0103, ceea ce era, probabil, intolerabil pentru dictator, dar, \u00een loc s\u0103 se consacre unor lucr\u0103ri de teorie, el preg\u0103tea o biografie! O biografie a lui Stalin scris\u0103 de Lev Tro\u0163ki. Ce carte! Tro\u0163ki avea s\u0103 arate lumii \u00eentregi fa\u0163a adev\u0103rat\u0103 a dictatorului, avea s\u0103-l descrie a\u015fa cum era: brutal, perfid, plin de complexe teribile, de o ne\u00eencredere boln\u0103vicioas\u0103 care degenera \u00een acte s\u00e2ngeroase. Da, aceast\u0103 carte \u00eel obseda pe Stalin. Trebuia cu orice pre\u0163 s\u0103-l \u00eempiedice pe autor s-o termine.<\/p>\n

Tro\u0163ki, condamnat la moarte de Stalin<\/strong><\/p>\n

Toate poli\u0163iile secrete din lume manipulate de Kremlin au fost mobilizate \u00een acest scop. De acum \u00eenainte, zilele lui Tro\u0163ki erau num\u0103rate. \u015ei, \u00een ciuda vigilen\u0163ei numero\u015filor lui prieteni, admiratori \u015fi militan\u0163i, \u00een ciuda precau\u0163iilor luate, lupta era inegal\u0103. Lupta pe care Tro\u0163ki o va da \u00eempotriva mor\u0163ii va fi atroce. Cum va veni? \u015ei, mai ales: cine o va incarna? Pe cine va alege destinul s\u0103 \u00eempl\u00e2nte fierul \u00een pieptul \u015fi inima b\u0103tr\u00e2nului revolu\u0163ionar?<\/p>\n

Dar cine era Tro\u0163ki?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tro\u0163ki s-a n\u0103scut \u00een 1879. La nou\u0103sprezece ani, a fost arestat deja pentru activit\u0103\u0163i revolu\u0163ionare \u015fi deportat de \u0163ar \u00een Siberia. Pe atunci purta adev\u0103ratul lui nume: Leiba Bronstein. A fost \u00eenchis trei ani, apoi a evadat cu un pa\u015faport fals sub numele de Lev Tro\u0163ki, nume pe care \u00eel va p\u0103stra.<\/p>\n

Avea dou\u0103zeci \u015fi doi de ani. Trei ani mai t\u00e2rziu, a fost din nou arestat pentru acelea\u015fi motive \u015fi din nou deportat, dar de data aceasta pe via\u0163\u0103. A evadat pentru a doua oar\u0103 \u00een timpul transportului spre Siberia \u015fi s-a ascuns \u00een Finlanda. Apoi la Viena, de unde a fost expulzat. S-a dus la Paris \u015fi a fost expulzat \u015fi de acolo. \u00centre timp, se c\u0103s\u0103torise \u015fi avea un fiu, Lev Sedov. S-a \u00eentors \u00een Rusia \u00een 1917 \u015fi l-a \u00eent\u00e2lnit pe Lenin. Cei doi b\u0103rba\u0163i au \u00eenceput s\u0103 lucreze \u00eempreun\u0103. Din 1918, Tro\u0163ki \u015fi-a folosit toat\u0103 energia pentru a pune bazele viitoarei Armate Ro\u015fii. Lenin avea \u00een el o \u00eencredere absolut\u0103.<\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 moartea lui Lenin, Stalin \u00eel deporteaz\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dup\u0103 moartea acestuia, a fost atacat de Stalin, care pusese m\u00e2na pe aparatul partidului comunist, \u015fi i s-a fixat domiciliul for\u0163at \u00een stepele Asiei Centrale. Apoi a fost exilat \u00een Turcia, \u00een ziua de 20 februarie 1932, Stalin i-a semnat condamnarea \u015fi l-a alungat din URSS. Pe 9 ianuarie 1937, Tro\u0163ki a sosit \u00een Mexic, singura \u0163ar\u0103 care a avut curajul s\u0103-l primeasc\u0103 definitiv, c\u0103ci Stalin exercita presiuni puternice asupra na\u0163iunilor lumii \u015fi puterea lui era de temut. Tro\u0163ki \u015fi-a ales domiciliul \u00een Coyoacan, la zece kilometri de Mexic. Apoi va \u00eencepe lupta dintre gigantul revolu\u0163ionar \u015fi s\u00e2ngerosul uzurpator al testamentului lui Lenin.<\/p>\n

Mama asasinului lui Tro\u0163ki<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd Tro\u0163ki a evadat pentru prima dat\u0103 din Siberia, avea dou\u0103zeci \u015fi doi de ani. \u00cen aceea\u015fi zi, la aceea\u015fi or\u0103, la mii de kilometri de acolo, o feti\u0163\u0103 de nou\u0103 ani juca \u015fotronul \u00een curtea unui pension englezesc deosebit de auster, rezervat copiilor boga\u0163i. Acest pension se nume\u015fte Sacre-Coeur de Jesus. Feti\u0163a: Eustasia Maria Caridad del Rio Hernandez. Familia ei, originar\u0103 din Cuba, se instalase \u00een Catalonia. P\u00e2n\u0103 la optsprezece ani, Caridad fusese dominat\u0103 de mari elanuri mistice. A intrat chiar \u00een m\u0103n\u0103stirea \u201ecarmelitelor descul\u0163e”, unde a devenit novice. Aceast\u0103 fat\u0103 \u00eel va ucide pe Tro\u0163ki, dar, mai precis, ea \u00eel va purta mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een p\u00e2ntece pe asasin. Caridad va fi mama \u015fi complicea b\u0103rbatului care \u00eel va ucide pe Lev Tro\u0163ki.<\/p>\n

Caridad se va c\u0103s\u0103tori cu Pablo Mercader \u00een 1884. Din aceast\u0103 c\u0103s\u0103torie se vor na\u015fte cinci copii, printre care \u015fi Ramon. Caridad \u00ee\u015fi va p\u0103r\u0103si so\u0163ul, va veni \u00een Fran\u0163a \u015fi va \u00eent\u00e2lni la Bordeaux un aviator comunist, care \u00eei va insufla propriul lui fanatism. A devenit o agent\u0103 GPU, sinistra poli\u0163ie secret\u0103 a lui Stalin. Era \u00eenceputul angrenajului, \u00eenceputul unei vie\u0163i teribile pres\u0103rate cu crime.<\/p>\n

\u00cendr\u0103znea\u0163\u0103, energic\u0103, combativ\u0103, Caridad va participa la r\u0103zboiul din Spania, \u015fi nu l\u00e2ng\u0103 foc sau la infirmerie: va conduce personal o brigad\u0103 comunist\u0103 pe frontul Aragonului. A fost r\u0103nit\u0103. Dar a c\u00e2\u015ftigat stima unui anume Pedro, care reprezenta GPU \u00een Catalonia, \u015fi nu era altul dec\u00e2t Gero, viitorul \u015fef al guvernului ungar. Caridad a sf\u00e2r\u015fit, ca to\u0163i marii spioni ai lui Stalin, la Moscova. C\u00e2t prive\u015fte pe fiul ei, acesta disp\u0103ruse brusc din Spania, \u00eentr-o zi a anului 1937. Unde se dusese?<\/p>\n

Logodnicul unei admiratoare a lui Tro\u0163ki…<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen timpul iernii lui 1940, un om sosea la Paris. Se numea Jacques Mornard. Aici s-a \u00eendr\u0103gostit de o t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 femeie \u00eenc\u00e2nt\u0103toare: Silvia Anghelova. Nimic mai natural. Dar aceast\u0103 t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 femeie este o tro\u0163kist\u0103 convins\u0103. A devenit amanta lui Mornard \u015fi acesta i-a promis c\u0103 o va lua de so\u0163ie. Silvia, care trebuia s\u0103 plece \u00een SUA, a l\u0103sat la Paris un logodnic. Nu mic\u0103 i-a fost mirarea v\u0103z\u00e2ndu-l pe acest logodnic f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-\u015fi \u00eentr-o zi apari\u0163ia la New York! De ce? Nu voia s\u0103 participe la r\u0103zboi- zicea el -, deoarece era contrar ideilor lui. \u00ce\u015fi f\u0103cuse un pa\u015faport pe numele de Frank Jackson. \u00cendr\u0103gosti\u0163ii au tr\u0103it o lun\u0103 la New York. Mornard a trebuit s\u0103 plece la Mexico.<\/p>\n

Silvia, ca o bun\u0103 logodnic\u0103, s-a dus \u015fi ea mai t\u00e2rziu dup\u0103 el, \u00een ianuarie 1940. La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul lunii martie, Silvia, care trebuia s\u0103 se \u00eentoarc\u0103 la New York, s-a dus s\u0103-\u015fi ia r\u0103mas-bun de la Tro\u0163ki, pe care \u00eel cuno\u015ftea bine, cu at\u00e2t mai mult cu c\u00e2t sora ei fusese secretara b\u0103tr\u00e2nului revolu\u0163ionar. Jackson-Mornard a \u00eenso\u0163it-o. Nu-l va vedea pe Tro\u0163ki, dar va fi impresionat de \u00eenfl\u0103c\u0103rarea, inteligen\u0163a, credin\u0163a de care era animat anturajul acestuia. De acum \u00eenainte, va studia ideile lui Tro\u0163ki \u015fi, pu\u0163in c\u00e2te pu\u0163in, ca at\u00e2\u0163ia al\u0163ii, va fi sedus de aceste idei pe care \u015fi le-a \u00eensu\u015fit. Admira\u0163ia lui pentru acest lupt\u0103tor ie\u015fit din comun cre\u015ftea. \u00cen scrisorile trimise Silviei, sus\u0163inea acest lucru cu o t\u0103rie din ce \u00een ce mai mare.<\/p>\n

\u00cen noaptea de 23 spre 24, Tro\u0163ki a sc\u0103pat dintr-un atentat. Dispozitivul de securitate a fost \u00eent\u0103rit. Jackson-Mornard era indignat de aceast\u0103 agresiune. A scris c\u00e2teva articole pe care le-a prezentat lui Lev Tro\u0163ki. Fiecare se a\u015ftepta la alte tentative de asasinat. C\u00e2nd? Unde? \u015ei cine? Aceste \u00eentreb\u0103ri aveau s\u0103-\u015fi primeasc\u0103 r\u0103spunsul mar\u0163i 20 august, la ora 17:30.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ziua aceea, Lev Davidovici Tro\u0163ki s-a trezit \u015fi a spus c\u0103 se simte \u00eentr-o form\u0103 excelent\u0103. Ca \u00een fiecare diminea\u0163\u0103, dup\u0103 ce deschidea el \u00eensu\u015fi obloanele blindate, i-a spus so\u0163iei sale: \u201eIa te uit\u0103, vezi, n-am fost omor\u00e2\u0163i \u00een noaptea asta”.<\/em> Apoi s-a dus \u00een curte s\u0103-\u015fi \u00eengrijeasc\u0103 iepurii. Dup\u0103 aceea, a lucrat f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eentrerupere p\u00e2n\u0103 la pr\u00e2nz. Dup\u0103 dejun, a urmat o scurt\u0103 siest\u0103 \u015fi a re\u00eenceput lucrul. La ora cinci dup\u0103-amiaz\u0103, a luat ceaiul. \u00cen acel moment, Natalia Sedova Tro\u0163ki a ie\u015fit pe balcon \u015fi a remarcat faptul c\u0103 so\u0163ul ei nu era singur \u00een fa\u0163a cu\u015ftii iepurilor. \u00cel \u00eenso\u0163ea un b\u0103rbat, care \u015fi-a ridicat p\u0103l\u0103ria c\u00e2nd a z\u0103rit-o. Acest b\u0103rbat era Jackson-Mornard. \u00cei aducea lui Tro\u0163ki un articol pe care acesta trebuia s\u0103-l corecteze. \u00cen urm\u0103 cu dou\u0103 zile, Jackson venise la Tro\u0163ki s\u0103-i arate schi\u0163a articolului.<\/p>\n

Asasinarea lui Tro\u0163ki<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tro\u0163ki a \u00eenchis u\u015fa cote\u0163ului \u015fi \u015fi-a scos m\u0103nu\u015file. Apoi s-a \u00eendreptat \u00eempreun\u0103 cu Jackson spre cas\u0103, \u015fi u\u015fa biroului s-a \u00eenchis \u00een urma lor. Trei minute mai t\u00e2rziu, s-a auzit un urlet teribil. Natalia a venit \u00een fug\u0103. \u00centre sufragerie \u015fi teras\u0103, Lev Davidovici Tro\u0163ki era \u00een picioare, sprijinit de tocul u\u015fii, cu bra\u0163ele at\u00e2rn\u00e2nd. \u00ee\u015fi pusese ochelarii. Avea fa\u0163a plin\u0103 de s\u00e2nge. A rostit un nume: Jackson. Apoi i-a spus so\u0163iei sale: \u201eNata\u015fa, te iubesc.”<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00centre timp, paznicii a pus m\u00e2na pe Jackson. \u201eMai ales s\u0103 nu-l ucide\u0163i, trebuie s\u0103 vorbeasc\u0103”,<\/em> a murmurat u\u015for Tro\u0163ki. R\u0103nitul a fost transportat la o clinic\u0103. Ultimele cuvinte la adresa so\u0163iei au fost: \u201eNu vreau s\u0103 m\u0103 dezbrace ei, a\u015f vrea s-o faci tu”.<\/em> Apoi \u015fi-a dat sufletul, asasinat de Jackson-Mornard cu o lovitur\u0103 de piolet \u00een cap.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Ramon<\/a><\/strong>
Ramon Mercader (1913-1978), asasinul lui Tro\u0163ki<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Asasinul lui Tro\u0163ki. Cine era el?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cine era Jackson- Mornard? Imediat dup\u0103 moartea lui Tro\u0163ki, c\u00e2nd ziari\u015ftii au publicat fotografia uciga\u015fului, mul\u0163i dintre vechii comuni\u015fti catalani l-au recunoscut. Era unul dintre camarazii lor de alt\u0103dat\u0103, care disp\u0103ruse \u00eentr-o zi: Ramon Mercader del Rio, fiul lui Caridad.<\/p>\n

La sf\u00e2r\u015fitul r\u0103zboiului civil spaniol, c\u00e2\u0163iva comuni\u015fti, sever selec\u0163iona\u0163i, au fost trimi\u015fi la Moscova, unde au urmat stagii sub conducerea celor mai \u00eenalte autorit\u0103\u0163i sovietice. Au fost \u00eenv\u0103\u0163a\u0163i s\u0103 spioneze, s\u0103 saboteze, dar \u015fi s\u0103 reprime \u00een ei orice urm\u0103 de generozitate, de omenie, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103-i ucid\u0103 mai u\u015for pe ceilal\u0163i. Au fost \u201efabrica\u0163i” oameni fanatici, lipsi\u0163i de mil\u0103 – robo\u0163i \u00een m\u00e2inile dictatorului de la Kremlin. Toat\u0103 povestea, inclusiv leg\u0103tura dintre Silvia \u015fi Jacques Mornard, a fost pus\u0103 la punct cu minu\u0163iozitate, \u00een mod diabolic.<\/p>\n

Lui Mornard pu\u0163in \u00eei p\u0103sa de Silvia \u015fi de restul. \u00cen ziua \u00een care sosea la Paris, dup\u0103 ce disp\u0103ruse din Spania, \u00eencepuse o misiune, una sigur\u0103: uciderea lui Tro\u0163ki. La mii de kilometri de acolo, Stalin a crezut probabil c\u0103 de acum \u00eenainte va intra \u00een istorie drapat \u00eentr-un giulgiu imaculat. Nimeni nu va cunoa\u015fte vreodat\u0103 meandrele tulburi \u015fi perverse ale \u201et\u0103tucului popoarelor”. Ce oroare! S\u00e2ngele lui Lev Tro\u0163ki curge \u015fi ast\u0103zi, pic\u0103tur\u0103 cu pic\u0103tur\u0103, pe morm\u00e2ntul tiranului ro\u015fu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Marelui Stalin \u00eei era fric\u0103 de Tro\u0163ki Kremlin, august 1939. Cine era cel mai puternic om din Rusia? Bine\u00een\u0163eles c\u0103 Iosif Vissarionovici Stalin. Dictatorul sovietic nu se temea pentru puterea lui. Formidabila poli\u0163ie condus\u0103 de Beria lucra pentru lini\u015ftea sa. … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14364,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[77,81,1532,206,296,764,298],"class_list":["post-14363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-asasinare","tag-comunism","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-mexic","tag-stalin","tag-trotki","tag-urss","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nAsasinarea lui Lev Tro\u0163ki, inamicul public nr.1 al lui Stalin - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/asasinarea-lui-lev-trotki-inamicul-public-nr-1-al-lui-stalin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Asasinarea lui Lev Tro\u0163ki, inamicul public nr.1 al lui Stalin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Marelui Stalin \u00eei era fric\u0103 de Tro\u0163ki Kremlin, august 1939. Cine era cel mai puternic om din Rusia? Bine\u00een\u0163eles c\u0103 Iosif Vissarionovici Stalin. Dictatorul sovietic nu se temea pentru puterea lui. Formidabila poli\u0163ie condus\u0103 de Beria lucra pentru lini\u015ftea sa. ... 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