{"id":13002,"date":"2010-06-10T08:57:17","date_gmt":"2010-06-10T05:57:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=13002"},"modified":"2010-06-11T19:53:12","modified_gmt":"2010-06-11T16:53:12","slug":"misterul-omului-maimuta-din-venezuela","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/misterul-omului-maimuta-din-venezuela\/","title":{"rendered":"Misterul omului-maimu\u0163\u0103 din Venezuela"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"omul<\/a>Omul-maimu\u0163\u0103 din Venezuela se afl\u0103 printre cele mai cunoscute imagini din analele de istorie natural\u0103. A\u015fezat\u0103 pe un butoi de gaz \u015fi sprijinit\u0103 grotesc \u00eentr-un b\u0103\u0163, maimu\u0163a moart\u0103 a fost fotografiat\u0103 \u00eentr-un district de munte, \u00eemp\u0103durit, din Venezuela. Pentru zoologii de la \u00eenceputul secolului al XX-lea, problema era c\u0103 nu se credea \u00een existen\u0163a unui astfel de animal pe continentul american.<\/p>\n

Istoria interesant\u0103 a unei fotografii celebre<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fotografia a fost f\u0103cut\u0103 \u00een preajma anului 1920 de Francois de Loys, geolog elve\u0163ian aflat \u00eentr-o expedi\u0163ie de trei ani pentru a explora r\u00e2urile \u015fi mla\u015ftinile de la sud-vest de lacul Maracaibo. Expedi\u0163ia urm\u0103rea s\u0103 identifice rezervele lucrative de petrol, dar pre\u0163ul pl\u0103tit de Loys \u015fi de oamenii lui a fost incalculabil. Din cei 20 de membri ini\u0163iali ai expedi\u0163iei au supravie\u0163uit numai patru. Ceilal\u0163i au c\u0103zut victime bolilor sau atacurilor triburilor locale.<\/p>\n

\u00cen ultimul an al studiilor, grupul a ridicat tab\u0103ra \u00een apropiere de r\u00e2ul Tarra, c\u00e2nd din p\u0103dure au ie\u015fit dou\u0103 creaturi cu p\u0103rul ro\u015fu \u015fi \u00een\u0103l\u0163imea de aproximativ 1,5 metri, extrem de furioase. La \u00eenceput, de Loys a crezut c\u0103 sunt ur\u015fi, apoi \u015fi-a dat seama c\u0103 erau maimu\u0163e, probabil, un mascul \u015fi o femel\u0103. Animalele urlau, fluturau din bra\u0163e, au rupt ni\u015fte crengi (probabil ca s\u0103 le foloseasc\u0103 drept arme), au defecat \u00een palm\u0103 \u015fi au aruncat apoi excrementele c\u0103tre tab\u0103r\u0103.<\/p>\n

Acest tip de comportament este o reac\u0163ie agresiv\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 \u00een cazul maimu\u0163elor-p\u0103ianjen \u015fi al altora \u015fi sugereaz\u0103 un atac iminent. De Loys a f\u0103cut ceea ce era de a\u015fteptat din partea oric\u0103rui european care se respect\u0103: le-a \u00eempu\u015fcat ca s\u0103 se apere pe sine \u015fi pe oamenii s\u0103i. Femela a murit pe loc, iar masculul, r\u0103nit, a fugit.<\/p>\n

Adun\u00e2ndu-se \u00een jurul cadavrului, to\u0163i au fost de acord c\u0103 este vorba despre o specie foarte interesant\u0103 \u015fi neobi\u015fnuit\u0103. Din p\u0103cate, date fiind \u00eemprejur\u0103rile, nu exista nicio \u015fans\u0103 s\u0103 se poat\u0103 aduce cadavrul \u00een Europa \u00eentr-o stare satisf\u0103c\u0103toare. De Loys a decis s\u0103 fac\u0103 o fotografie ca prob\u0103 documentar\u0103 \u015fi maimu\u0163a a fost imortalizat\u0103 pe pelicul\u0103 de la o distan\u0163\u0103 de aproximativ 3 metri.<\/p>\n

Ce s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat dup\u0103 aceea nu este foarte clar. Potrivit unor relat\u0103ri, maimu\u0163a a fost g\u0103tit\u0103 \u015fi m\u00e2ncat\u0103 de oamenii lui de Loys; al\u0163ii afirm\u0103 c\u0103 trupul a fost par\u0163ial conservat, dar s-a pierdut mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een timpul unei lupte cu tribul motilones. Oricum, c\u00e2nd de Loys s-a \u00eentors \u00een Europa, singura lui dovad\u0103 era fotografia.<\/p>\n

\u00cencep controversele legate de fotografie…<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen mod curios, au mai trecut nou\u0103 ani p\u00e2n\u0103 s\u0103 apar\u0103 la lumin\u0103. \u015ei chiar \u015fi atunci, nu de Loys a fost cel care a prezentat-o lumii \u015ftiin\u0163ifice, ci unul dintre cei mai apropia\u0163i prieteni ai s\u0103i, George Montandon, un antropolog elve\u0163ian, care se pare c\u0103 a dat \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor peste fotografie pe c\u00e2nd cerceta ni\u015fte dosare mai vechi ale lui de Loys. Montandon a publicat-o \u00een Illustrated London News<\/em> \u015fi a numit animalul Ameranthropides Loysi<\/em>, \u00een onoarea celui care l-a \u00eent\u00e2lnit prima dat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cur\u00e2nd dup\u0103 aceea, Academia de \u015etiin\u0163e din Paris s-a reunit pentru a discuta implica\u0163iile acestei descoperiri. Piatra de temelie a teoriei evolu\u0163iei primatelor era c\u0103 maimu\u0163ele superioare \u015fi oamenii au ap\u0103rut numai \u00een Lumea Veche, \u00een Africa. Dar, dac\u0103 erau prezente \u015fi \u00een America, regulile de mult stabilite trebuiau rescrise. Ar fi fost un fel de salt \u00een necunoscut \u015fi nu este de mirare c\u0103 Academia nu s-a ar\u0103tat dispus\u0103 s\u0103-l fac\u0103.<\/p>\n

Oamenii de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 au tras concluzia c\u0103 animalul era un sapajou, o maimu\u0163\u0103 comun\u0103 din Lumea Nou\u0103. \u00cei contraziceau \u00eens\u0103 talia animalului \u015fi lipsa cozii. Evaluarea \u00een\u0103l\u0163imii depindea de descrierea lui de Loys, iar coada poate c\u0103 fusese t\u0103iat\u0103 sau nu se vedea \u00een fotografie.<\/p>\n

Maimu\u0163a-p\u0103ianjen sau un fals?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Teoria maimu\u0163ei a fost din nou pus\u0103 sub semnul \u00eentreb\u0103rii c\u00e2nd \u00een dezbatere au intervenit scepticii. Sir Arthur Keith sus\u0163inea c\u0103 este o maimu\u0163\u0103 p\u0103ianjen, \u00een timp ce al\u0163ii au mers chiar mai departe, acuz\u00e2ndu-l pe de Loys c\u0103 fabricase f\u0103r\u0103 jen\u0103 un fals. Pe tot parcursul secolului al XX-lea s-au pus urm\u0103toarele \u00eentreb\u0103ri: De ce nu a fotografiat de Loys \u015fi un om al\u0103turi de maimu\u0163\u0103 ca s\u0103-i pun\u0103 \u00een eviden\u0163\u0103 talia? De ce a a\u015fezat-o \u00eentr-o pozi\u0163ie at\u00e2t de ciudat\u0103? De ce a a\u015fteptat nou\u0103 ani p\u00e2n\u0103 i-a permis prietenului s\u0103u s\u0103 dezv\u0103luie o descoperire at\u00e2t de important\u0103?<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1996, criptozoologul Loren Coleman a scris \u00een Anomalist Magazine<\/em> \u015fi a afirmat c\u0103 George Montandon avea un program rasist secret. Potrivit acestei teorii, diversele rase s-au tras fiecare din alt\u0103 maimu\u0163\u0103, prin urmare, unele erau superioare altora. P\u00e2n\u0103 la apari\u0163ia omului maimu\u0163\u0103 din Venezuela, Montandon se str\u0103duise s\u0103 explice ce maimu\u0163\u0103 era str\u0103mo\u015ful americanilor nativi.<\/p>\n

\u00cen realitate, falsul argument este destul de volatil. De ce ar fi vrut de Loys, un geolog serios, s\u0103 ri\u015fte s\u0103 st\u00e2rneasc\u0103 m\u00e2nia lumii \u015ftiin\u0163ifice f\u0103c\u00e2nd uz de fals \u00eentr-un domeniu care nu avea nicio tangent\u0103 cu specializarea lui \u015ftiin\u0163ific\u0103? \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, \u00eentr-o expedi\u0163ie marcat\u0103 de boli \u015fi de mor\u0163i violente, cu siguran\u0163\u0103 c\u0103 avea priorit\u0103\u0163i mai importante dec\u00e2t aceasta – cum ar fi, de pild\u0103, s\u0103 ajung\u0103 \u00een via\u0163\u0103 acas\u0103. C\u00e2t despre \u00eent\u00e2rzierea de nou\u0103 ani – poate c\u0103 de Loys nu apreciase la adev\u0103rata sa valoare importan\u0163a descoperirii sale.<\/p>\n

Sus\u0163in\u0103torii lui afirm\u0103 c\u0103, din analiza butoiului de gaz, reiese c\u0103 acesta avea 50 de centimetri \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 fiin\u0163a fotografiat\u0103 de de Loys avea 1,55 metri, aproape exact ceea ce specifica \u015fi el \u00een raportul s\u0103u. Dac\u0103 este a\u015fa, aceasta exclude maimu\u0163a p\u0103ianjen, care are o \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime medie cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 38 \u015fi 68 de centimetri. Al\u0163i cercet\u0103tori spun c\u0103 – \u00een pofida anumitor asem\u0103n\u0103ri cu maimu\u0163a p\u0103ianjen – exist\u0103 \u015fi particularit\u0103\u0163i contradictorii. Printre acestea este forma fe\u0163ei (mai mult oval\u0103 dec\u00e2t triunghiular\u0103) \u015fi lipsa prognatismului (maxilarul inferior ie\u015fit \u00een afar\u0103).<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 Montandon ar fi fost singura persoan\u0103 care a vorbit despre un animal misterios, un om maimu\u0163\u0103 din America, afirma\u0163ia lui putea fi u\u015for respins\u0103. Dar, \u00een realitate, exist\u0103 mai multe relat\u0103ri. O cronic\u0103 scris\u0103 \u00een 1533 de conchistadorul Pedro de Cieza men\u0163ioneaz\u0103 un spaniol care a g\u0103sit un om-maimu\u0163\u0103 mort \u00een p\u0103dure. \u00cen secolul al XVIII-lea, Edward Bancroft, medic, naturalist \u015fi spion britanic, a repovestit legendele nativilor americani referitoare la fiin\u0163a de 1,5 metri \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime care mergea pe picioarele din spate \u015fi era acoperit\u0103 de p\u0103r.<\/p>\n

\u00cen secolul al XIX-lea, omul de \u015ftiin\u0163\u0103 Philip Gosse scria \u00een lucrarea sa, Essay on the Natural History of Guyana<\/em>, despre \u201eun antropoid de talie mare, \u00eenc\u0103 nerecunoscut de zoologi”<\/em>, iar \u00een 1876, exploratorul Charles Barrington Brown a consemnat prezen\u0163a unui animal poreclit \u201eDidi” de nativii din Guyana – \u201eun om s\u0103lbatic puternic, al c\u0103rui corp este acoperit de p\u0103r \u015fi care tr\u0103ie\u015fte \u00een p\u0103dure”<\/em>. Mai de cur\u00e2nd, \u00een 1987, un micolog american pe nume Gary Samuels lucra \u00een Guyana c\u00e2nd a auzit zgomot de pa\u015fi \u015fi s-a \u00eentors: a v\u0103zut un animal biped cam de 1,5 metri \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime, un fel de om-maimu\u0163\u0103, care a urlat la el \u015fi apoi a fugit.<\/p>\n

E u\u015for s\u0103 respingem fotografia lui de de Loys etichet\u00e2nd-o drept fals, poate pentru c\u0103 ne displace ideea c\u0103 o specie at\u00e2t de important\u0103 ar exista f\u0103r\u0103 ca noi s\u0103 \u015ftim de ea. Dar istoria natural\u0103 este plina de astfel de exemple – okapi, dragonul de Komodo \u015fi coelcanth-ul au fost descoperi\u0163i \u00een secolul al XX-lea – \u015fi mai sunt surprinz\u0103tor de multe locuri pe planet\u0103 insuficient explorate. Poate c\u0103 de Loys a fost un \u015farlatan …, dar juriul \u00eenc\u0103 delibereaz\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Omul-maimu\u0163\u0103 din Venezuela se afl\u0103 printre cele mai cunoscute imagini din analele de istorie natural\u0103. A\u015fezat\u0103 pe un butoi de gaz \u015fi sprijinit\u0103 grotesc \u00eentr-un b\u0103\u0163, maimu\u0163a moart\u0103 a fost fotografiat\u0103 \u00eentr-un district de munte, \u00eemp\u0103durit, din Venezuela. Pentru zoologii … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[241,9800,57,3291,2486],"class_list":["post-13002","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-natura-animale","tag-maimuta","tag-natura-animale","tag-oameni","tag-om-maimuta","tag-venezuela","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nMisterul omului-maimu\u0163\u0103 din Venezuela - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/misterul-omului-maimuta-din-venezuela\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Misterul omului-maimu\u0163\u0103 din Venezuela\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Omul-maimu\u0163\u0103 din Venezuela se afl\u0103 printre cele mai cunoscute imagini din analele de istorie natural\u0103. 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