{"id":11242,"date":"2010-02-14T21:57:17","date_gmt":"2010-02-14T19:57:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=11242"},"modified":"2018-02-23T10:10:53","modified_gmt":"2018-02-23T08:10:53","slug":"stefan-cel-mare-a-fost-calugar-de-ce-a-fost-atunci-inmormantat-asemenea-unui-monah","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/stefan-cel-mare-a-fost-calugar-de-ce-a-fost-atunci-inmormantat-asemenea-unui-monah\/","title":{"rendered":"\u015etefan cel Mare a fost c\u0103lug\u0103r? De ce a fost atunci \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat asemenea unui monah?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Stefan<\/a>Citeam \u00een cartea lui Silviu Dragomir „Istorii neelucidate”<\/em> o ipotez\u0103 senza\u0163ional\u0103: \u015fi anume aceea c\u0103 \u015etefan cel Mare s-ar fi c\u0103lug\u0103rit \u00eenainte de moarte. S\u0103-i vedem \u00eempreun\u0103 argumentele sale.<\/p>\n

Deschiderea mormintelor voievodale de la M\u0103n\u0103stirea Putna (unde se afl\u0103 \u00eengropat \u015fi \u015etefan cel Mare) a ridicat de-a lungul timpului o serie de \u00eentreb\u0103ri-capcan\u0103 asupra c\u0103rora istoricii nu s-au pronun\u0163at sau, mai cur\u00e2nd, au evitat s\u0103 se pronun\u0163e. Asta fiindc\u0103 sub privirile \u00eenm\u0103rmurite ale asisten\u0163ei cople\u015fite de emo\u0163ia momentului, cripta marelui voievod – p\u0103rintele Moldovei – a revelat osemintele acestuia depuse… f\u0103r\u0103 sicriu, pe treisprezece bare transversale, din fier, iar craniul a\u015fezat pe un c\u0103p\u0103t\u00e2i din c\u0103r\u0103mizi, special \u00eentocmit pentru o astfel de sprijinire. \u00cenf\u0103\u015furarea cadavrului \u00eentr-o mantie, fie ea \u201econfec\u0163ionat\u0103 dintr-o stof\u0103 grea \u015fi bogat\u0103 „, ne conduce -f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 vrem – la g\u00e2ndul c\u0103 s-au p\u0103strat \u00eentocmai unele ritualuri din \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntarea c\u0103lug\u0103rilor isiha\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Mihai Eminescu \u015ftia c\u0103 \u015etefan cel Mare a fost c\u0103lug\u0103r?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mihai Eminescu are \u00een c\u00e2teva din poeziile sale unele inser\u0163ii cu versuri populare preluate practic f\u0103r\u0103 nicio prelucrare. Printre ele, \u00een prima parte din Doina<\/em>, pies\u0103 publicat\u0103 la 1 iunie 1883 \u00een Convorbiri Literare<\/em>, marele poet practic\u0103 o invocatio av\u00e2nd o rezonan\u0163\u0103 cel pu\u0163in curioas\u0103, ridic\u00e2nd unele nelini\u015ftitoare \u00eentreb\u0103ri:<\/p>\n

„\u015etefane, M\u0103ria Ta, <\/em>
\nTu la Putna nu mai sta,<\/em>
\nLas’ arhimandritului<\/em>
\nToat\u0103 grija schitului,<\/em><\/p>\n

Las\u0103 grija sfin\u0163ilor<\/em>
\n\u00cen sama p\u0103rin\u0163ilor,<\/em>
\nClopotele s\u0103 le trag\u0103<\/em>
\nZiua ‘ntreag\u0103, Noaptea ‘ntreag\u0103…”<\/em><\/p>\n

Pe deasupra versurilor, plutesc parc\u0103 – totu\u015fi – unele nel\u0103muriri, unele \u00eentreb\u0103ri din care \u00eencol\u0163esc mereu altele \u015fi altele… De ce oare Vod\u0103 \u015etefan trebuia s\u0103 lase arhimandritului toat\u0103 grija schitului? De ce tocmai el, marele voievod, trebuia s\u0103 lase grija sfin\u0163ilor \u00een sama p\u0103rin\u0163ilor? Avea cumva el un rol monahal \u00een respectiva m\u0103n\u0103stire? F\u0103cea parte cumva el, domnitorul, din cinul monahal deservent al M\u0103n\u0103stirii Putna?<\/p>\n

Cine se va gr\u0103bi s\u0103 z\u00e2mbeasc\u0103 sub\u0163ire \u015fi atoate\u015ftiutor, lini\u015ftindu-ne c\u0103 aici avem de-a face doar cu simple metafore, ar trebui s\u0103 \u015ftie c\u0103 \u00een folclorul nostru metaforele servesc \u00eentotdeauna numai unor idei majore -, \u015fi c\u0103 poporul rom\u00e2n nu se joac\u0103 \u00een poezia sa, oricum \u015fi oriunde cu aprecieri, constat\u0103ri \u015fi, mai ales, cu figurile de stil precum metafora. Iar tot ca o mare curiozitate apare \u015fi acea omitere a trecerii datelor de deces ale voievodului. Fapt pe care nu l-am mai \u00eent\u00e2lnit pe alte cruci sau morminte.<\/p>\n

Cum se \u00eenmorm\u00e2nteaz\u0103 un domnitor rom\u00e2n?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Este \u00eendeob\u015fte cunoscut faptul c\u0103 la noi, rom\u00e2nii, datinele de la na\u015ftere, nunt\u0103, dar mai cu deosebire datinele de la moarte sunt cele mai bine \u015fi riguros p\u0103strate. S\u0103 vedem cum era \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat domnitorul Matei Basarab:<\/p>\n

„Vod\u0103 z\u0103cea pe o mas\u0103, cu fa\u0163a descoperit\u0103, cum era obiceiul. Era \u00eembr\u0103cat cu haine regale, de scump brocard, bl\u0103ni\u0163e cu samur de mare pre\u0163, \u015fi cu nasturi de aur \u015fi de argint poleit. Avea pe cap un pre\u0163ios calpac de samur. \u00cel acoperea peste tot, de la cap p\u00e2n\u0103 la picioare, un fel de giulgiu de satin alb, pe care era zugr\u0103vit\u0103 o cruce de aur… Patriarhul \u00eel t\u0103m\u00e2ie \u015fi recit\u0103 Rug\u0103ciunea mor\u0163ilor; \u015fi celelalte; apoi \u00eenso\u0163it de noi, cadavrul fiind depus \u00een sicriu, fu transportat \u00een curte, sub pavilion… Mortul fusese a\u015fezat \u00eentr-un sicriu \u00eempodobit ca al unui rege…”<\/em><\/p>\n

\"mormantul<\/a>De ce \u015etefan cel Mare n-avea sicriu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cunoscut este faptul c\u0103 ritualurile de \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntare se p\u0103streaz\u0103 minu\u0163ios acelea\u015fi pentru lungi perioade de timp, iar dac\u0103 Matei Basarab a fost depus \u201e\u00eentr-un sicriu \u00eempodobit ca al unui rege”<\/em> \u015fi \u201e\u00eenve\u015fm\u00e2ntat cu haine regale”<\/em>, \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntarea lui \u015etefan cel Mare trebuia s\u0103 se desf\u0103\u015foare nu neap\u0103rat cu pomp\u0103 mai mare, dar \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintea \u015fi sicriul era imperios destul de normal s\u0103 fi fost m\u0103car pe m\u0103sura rangului \u015fi a pre\u0163uirii avute \u00een via\u0163\u0103.<\/p>\n

Ei bine, din mormintele domne\u015fti de la Putna, voievodul \u015etefan cel Mare nu avea sicriu \u015fi fusese \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat doar \u00eentr-o mantie! P\u00e2n\u0103 \u015fi \u015etef\u0103ni\u0163\u0103-Vod\u0103, fiu al lui Bogdan \u015fi nepotul lui \u015etefan, era \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat \u00een sicriu, de\u015fi – la fel de curios – \u015fi acesta era \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat \u00een \u201eod\u0103jdiile celui mai \u00eenalt cin c\u0103lug\u0103resc”<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Dezgroparea lui \u015etefan cel Mare din 1856<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen 1856 are loc dezgroparea morm\u00e2ntului lui \u015etefan cel Mare. S\u0103 cit\u0103m din raportul original:<\/p>\n

„\u00cen morm\u00e2ntul lui \u015etefan cel Mare, r\u0103m\u0103\u015fi\u0163ele p\u0103m\u00e2nte\u015fti ale sl\u0103vitului erou au fost g\u0103site f\u0103r\u0103 sicriu, a\u015fezate tot pe 13 bare de fier, dispuse transversal \u015fi tot cu c\u0103p\u0103t\u00e2i din c\u0103r\u0103mizi zidite \u00een zona craniului. Tigva se rostogolise de pe acest c\u0103p\u0103t\u00e2i, afl\u00e2ndu-se orientat\u0103 cu orbitele c\u0103tre apus. Comisia a constatat c\u0103 osul frontal se afla p\u0103strat cel mai bine \u015fi c\u0103 statura voievodului era \u00eentr-adev\u0103r scund\u0103, a\u015fa cum o descrie Grigore Ureche. Mantia sa este confec\u0163ionat\u0103 dintr-o „stof\u0103 grea \u015fi bogat\u0103”, av\u00e2nd o cruce de aur brodat\u0103 \u00een dreptul pieptului „care nu se pr\u0103bu\u015fise \u00een sine”. Alte obiecte pre\u0163ioase nu s-au g\u0103sit \u00een morm\u00e2ntul lui \u015etefan cel Mare, deoarece, cum bine \u015ftim acum, ele fuseser\u0103 ridicate cu prilejul deschiderii anterioare, din februarie 1758, fapt constatat la vremea sa \u015fi de comisia austriac\u0103 prin mijlocirea aceleia\u015fi scrisori a lui Iacov Putneanul, citat\u0103 deja”. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00cen curtea bisericii din Densu\u015f – cu siguran\u0163\u0103 anterioar\u0103 secolului al X-lea – a fost descoperit un morm\u00e2nt ce con\u0163inea un schelet \u00eenhumat numai \u00een ras\u0103 \u015fi f\u0103r\u0103 sicriu, iar mortul av\u00e2nd capul sprijinit doar pe o simpl\u0103 lespede! Este probabil ca l\u0103ca\u015ful s\u0103 fi apar\u0163inut la un moment dat unei m\u0103n\u0103stiri. \u00cen orice caz, situa\u0163ia acesta i-a st\u00e2rnit marelui istoric Nicolae Iorga remarca f\u0103cut\u0103 la obiect, anume c\u0103 \u00eengroparea a avut loc \u201easemeni vechilor c\u0103lug\u0103ri”. La fel era \u015fi \u015etefan cel Mare…S-a c\u0103lug\u0103rit oare marele nostru voievod?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Citeam \u00een cartea lui Silviu Dragomir „Istorii neelucidate” o ipotez\u0103 senza\u0163ional\u0103: \u015fi anume aceea c\u0103 \u015etefan cel Mare s-ar fi c\u0103lug\u0103rit \u00eenainte de moarte. S\u0103-i vedem \u00eempreun\u0103 argumentele sale. Deschiderea mormintelor voievodale de la M\u0103n\u0103stirea Putna (unde se afl\u0103 \u00eengropat … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11243,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[892,1428,1532,2961,377,315,544],"class_list":["post-11242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-calugar","tag-domnitor","tag-istorie-si-civilizatii","tag-manastirea-putna","tag-moldova","tag-mormant","tag-stefan-cel-mare","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\n\u015etefan cel Mare a fost c\u0103lug\u0103r? 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