{"id":11036,"date":"2010-02-05T08:47:58","date_gmt":"2010-02-05T06:47:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lovendal.net\/wp52\/?p=11036"},"modified":"2010-02-05T20:18:55","modified_gmt":"2010-02-05T18:18:55","slug":"temponautii-galactici-sau-calatoriile-interstelare-cu-nave-ce-prind-viteza-luminii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/temponautii-galactici-sau-calatoriile-interstelare-cu-nave-ce-prind-viteza-luminii\/","title":{"rendered":"Temponau\u0163ii galactici sau c\u0103l\u0103toriile interstelare cu nave ce prind viteza luminii"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"nava<\/a>De-a lungul timpului, \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte eventuala c\u0103l\u0103toria a omului c\u0103tre stele cu ajutorul navelor spa\u0163iale, s-au f\u0103cut diverse cercet\u0103ri din care s-a reliefat o condi\u0163ie tehnic\u0103 deosebit de preten\u0163ioas\u0103 pentru \u00eentreprinderea de c\u0103l\u0103torii la distan\u0163e mai mari – \u015fi nu doar de c\u00e2\u0163iva ani-lumin\u0103: viteza navelor spa\u0163iale va trebui sporit\u0103 c\u0103tre valori care ast\u0103zi ni se par fantastice, \u015fi anume va fi necesar de fapt s\u0103 se tind\u0103 c\u0103tre viteza-limit\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 acum de \u015ftiin\u0163a terestr\u0103 – aceea a luminii \u00een vid: 300.000 km\/secund\u0103! \u015ei chiar dac\u0103 se va reu\u015fi ob\u0163inerea acestei viteze fantastice (ast\u0103zi), raza de ac\u0163iune a unui echipaj t\u00e2n\u0103r va fi de maxim 25 de ani-lumin\u0103, pentru a se putea re\u00eentoarce acas\u0103 spre „b\u0103tr\u00e2ne\u0163e”… Dar diametrul Galaxiei noastre este de cea 90.000 ani-lumin\u0103 … Deci chiar la aceast\u0103 vitez\u0103-limit\u0103 maxim\u0103, ar \u00eensemna c\u0103 explorarea robotizat\u0103 a \u00eentregii Galaxii ar dura sute de mii, milioane de ani… S-ar putea deduce astfel, c\u0103 \u00een acest context, vizitatorii veni\u0163i din alte lumi aici pe Terra, ar sosi numai din sisteme solare foarte apropiate, de pe o raz\u0103 de numai c\u00e2\u0163iva ani-lumin\u0103? Dar exist\u0103 \u015fi o alt\u0103 posibilitate de a interpreta aceast\u0103 problem\u0103: poate c\u0103 \u00een marele avans \u015ftiin\u0163ific \u015fi tehnic care l-au realizat \u00eentre timp unele civiliza\u0163ii „mai b\u0103tr\u00e2ne”, au descoperit \u015fi st\u0103p\u00e2nesc \u015fi alte legi fizice, care s\u0103 permit\u0103 fie viteze spa\u0163iale cu mult mai mari dec\u00e2t cea a luminii, fie o eventual\u0103 „\u00eenvingere” a timpului prin alte aplica\u0163ii fundamentale…<\/p>\n

Racheta fotonic\u0103, cea care va zbura p\u00e2n\u0103 la viteza luminii<\/strong><\/p>\n

Speciali\u015ftii zborurilor spa\u0163iale au studiat \u00een ultimele decenii \u015fi posibilit\u0103\u0163ile teoretice de realizare a unei nave spa\u0163iale care s\u0103 fie accelerat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la viteza luminii. Aceasta va fi „racheta fotonic\u0103”. \u00centruc\u00e2t jetul propulsiv – fotonic – va rezulta din procesul fizic al anihil\u0103rii particulelor de materie la contactul cu particulele de antimaterie (proces care\u00a0\u00a0 degaj\u0103 cantit\u0103\u0163i extraordinar de mari de energie), desigur c\u0103 realizarea unei astfel de astronave este o problem\u0103 de perspectiv\u0103 mai \u00eendep\u0103rtat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Membrii echipajelor vor vedea altfel culoarea stelelor<\/strong><\/p>\n

O parte foarte interesant\u0103 a studiilor f\u0103cute de diver\u015fi speciali\u015fti privind problemele zborului la extraordinarele viteze luminice, a urm\u0103rit \u015fi modul \u00een care s-ar comporta organismele umane \u00een condi\u0163iile respective. Fa\u0163\u0103 de experien\u0163a acumulat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een prezent prin experimentele biologice efectuate\u00a0 de cosmonau\u0163ii contemporani, \u00een plus a rezultat teoretic \u015fi apari\u0163ia altor fenomene, cu un evident caracter de noutate. Unul dintre efectele cele mai ciudate va fi modificarea treptat\u0103 a modului \u00een care echipajul unei astronave fotonice va vedea astrele de pe bolta cerului,\u00a0 ca urmare a intensului\u00a0 fenomen Doppler (de schimbare aparent\u0103 a lungimii de und\u0103 \u015fi respectiv a frecven\u0163ei radia\u0163iilor luminoase) ce va surveni pe m\u0103sura acceler\u0103rii navei. Astfel, c\u00e2nd se va ajunge la o vitez\u0103 de peste 70.000 km\/sec, stelele din fa\u0163a aparatului zbur\u0103tor terestru, precum \u015fi galaxiile apropiate – Marele Nor al lui Magellan \u015fi Andromeda – nu vor mai fi remarcate \u00een obi\u015fnuita lor culoare galben-argintie, ci \u00eentr-o nuan\u0163\u0103 de albastru-\u00eenchis. \u00cen schimb, pentru membrii echipajului care se vor uita \u00een urm\u0103, radia\u0163ia stelelor de care se \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 va suferi o cre\u015ftere aparent\u0103 a lungimii de und\u0103, corpurile cere\u015fti respective ap\u0103r\u00e2nd cu o str\u0103lucire \u00een ro\u015fu-\u00eenchis (lumina lor suferind acea „deplasare spre ro\u015fu” at\u00e2t de bine cunoscut\u0103 de astronomii care studiaz\u0103 deplasarea \u00een spa\u0163iu a galaxiilor din Univers).<\/p>\n

Dar pe m\u0103sura acceler\u0103rii marelui vehicul spa\u0163ial terestru spre viteza-!imit\u0103, se va ajunge la un moment \u00een care cosmonau\u0163ii nu vor mai vedea pe bolta cereasc\u0103 nicio stea \u015fi nicio galaxie… La viteza de 280.000 km\/sec, frecven\u0163a radia\u0163iilor luminoase emise de corpurile astrale aflate \u00een fa\u0163a navei, va cre\u015fte aparent at\u00e2t de mult, \u00eenc\u00e2t lumina lor se va situa \u00een domeniul spectral al ultravioletului, care nu mai este sesizat de ochiul uman! La r\u00e2ndul lor, razele emise de stelele care r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00een urma astronavei vor suferi o sc\u0103dere aparent\u0103 a frecven\u0163ei undelor \u00eentr-at\u00e2t, \u00eenc\u00e2t se vor situa \u015fi ele \u00een domeniul invizibil – \u015fi anume \u00een domeniul radia\u0163iilor infraro\u015fii…<\/p>\n

Muzica globurilor stelare din Galaxie<\/strong><\/p>\n

La accelerarea maxim\u0103 a navei spa\u0163iale, c\u00e2nd aceasta va avea o deplasare cu o vitez\u0103 aproape egal\u0103 cu cea a luminii, efectul Doppler va produce fenomene aparent dramatice. Razele luminoase ale obiectelor cere\u015fti existente \u00een fa\u0163a direc\u0163iei de zbor vor fi acum din zona spectral\u0103 a razelor X (Roentgen); dac\u0103 \u00een spatele unora dintre membrii echipajului se vor afla ecrane fluorescente, sau dac\u0103 se vor face fotografii de interior, pe acestea vor apare doar… scheletele persoanelor respective – ca la radioscopii \u015fi radiografii. \u00cen schimb, razele stelelor de care astronava se \u00eendep\u0103rteaz\u0103 se transform\u0103 aparent \u00een radia\u0163ii din domeniul undelor radio; o eventual\u0103 recep\u0163ionare a acestora va oferi cea mai stranie audi\u0163ie: muzica globurilor stelare din Galaxie!<\/p>\n

Deplas\u00e2ndu-se cu o astfel de vitez\u0103 fantastic\u0103, ipoteticul vehicul spa\u0163ial plecat de pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt va oferi \u00eens\u0103 echipajului nu numai o „plutire” \u00eentr-un neant aparent golit de orice sclipire luminoas\u0103 a stelelor \u015fi galaxiilor trecute \u00een invizibil. \u00cen acest „hiperspa\u0163iu” ireal se vor produce \u00eentr-adev\u0103r \u015fi alte fenomene fizice fundamentale, care vor conduce la un alt mod de func\u0163ionare a organelor interne ale astronau\u0163ilor afla\u0163i la bord, fa\u0163\u0103 de cel al oamenilor r\u0103ma\u015fi pe planeta Terra.
\nFormulele elaborate de matematicienii H.A. Lorentz \u015fi H. Poincare \u00een cadrul c\u0103rora ace\u015ftia au introdus constanta „c” -viteza luminii – \u00een raportarea timpului la m\u0103surarea spa\u0163iului, c\u00e2t \u015fi ideea sclipitoare a lui H. Minkovski de a concepe spa\u0163iul cuadridimensional, i-au permis lui A. Einstein geniala sintez\u0103 a acestor elemente \u00een cadrul teoriei relativit\u0103\u0163ii.<\/p>\n

\"nava<\/a>Pulsul astronau\u0163ilor ar bate mai \u00eencet…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Postul\u00e2nd viteza luminii ca o limit\u0103 maxim\u0103 a oric\u0103rei mi\u015fc\u0103ri \u00een Universul material cunoscut, \u00een conexiunea ce a f\u0103cut-o asupra deplas\u0103rilor \u00een continuul spa\u0163iu-timp, Einstein a demonstrat matematic \u015fi acel uimitor efect al „dilat\u0103rii timpului” pe m\u0103sura cre\u015fterii vitezei unui corp aflat \u00een mi\u015fcare. Exemplific\u00e2nd cu deplasarea \u00een spa\u0163iu a unui tren (la vremea sa, nu se concepea \u00eenc\u0103 posibilitatea realiz\u0103rii rachetelor), „p\u0103rintele relativit\u0103\u0163ii” ar\u0103ta c\u0103 \u00een interiorul oric\u0103rui vagon – la viteze foarte mari – toate fenomenele fizice se vor desf\u0103\u015fura mai \u00eencet; drept urmare, ceasurile c\u0103l\u0103torilor din ipoteticul tren vor ar\u0103ta mai pu\u0163in dec\u00e2t cele ale unor observatori r\u0103ma\u015fi „pe peron” \u015fi chiar fenomenele vitale – ca de exemplu pulsul c\u0103l\u0103torilor – se vor \u00eencetini, \u00eens\u0103\u015fi inimile acestora urm\u00e2nd s\u0103 bat\u0103 mai rar dec\u00e2t inimile observatorilor…<\/p>\n

Timpul scurs pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt \u015fi \u00een nave<\/strong><\/p>\n

Fa\u0163\u0103 de aceast\u0103 deduc\u0163ie teoretic\u0103, care a fost demonstrat\u0103 experimental \u00een mod foarte precis abia dup\u0103 stingerea din via\u0163\u0103 a lui Einstein, problema c\u0103l\u0103toriilor galactice la viteze foarte mari apare \u00eentr-o lumin\u0103 cu totul diferit\u0103, deosebit de favorabil\u0103; esen\u0163ialul ar r\u0103m\u00e2ne deci \u00een crearea posibilit\u0103\u0163ilor de realizare tehnic\u0103 a unor astfel de astronave capabile s\u0103 dezvolte viteze apropiate de viteza luminii… \u0162in\u00e2ndu-se cont c\u0103 o nav\u0103 fotonic\u0103 s-ar accelera totu\u015fi suficient de \u00eencet p\u00e2n\u0103 la marile viteze necesare (dup\u0103 dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni de la plecare, viteza ob\u0163inut\u0103 ar ajunge „numai”\u00a0\u00a0 la 1.100 km\/sec, specialistul american dr. Dave Froning a calculat urm\u0103toarele „dilat\u0103ri ale timpului” la bordul acesteia:
\n– pentru ca astronava cu echipaj p\u0103m\u00e2ntean s\u0103 ajung\u0103 \u00een sistemul solar al stelei vecine Proxima Centauri – aflat\u0103 la 4,27 ani-lumin\u0103 -, \u0163in\u00e2ndu-se cont de timpul greoaiei acceler\u0103ri ini\u0163iale, coordon\u0103rii de la centrul de control al zborului de la solul terestru vor \u00eenregistra un timp de efectuare a c\u0103l\u0103toriei, de 6 ani; la bord \u00eens\u0103, membrii echipajului vor constata c\u0103 au trecut numai 3 ani!
\n– \u00een cazul unei c\u0103l\u0103torii spre centrul Galaxiei noastre – situat la cea 30.000 ani-lumin\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de Terra -, care s-ar efectua cu o vitez\u0103 apropiat\u0103 de cea a luminii, diferen\u0163a ar fi extraordinar\u0103; \u00een timp ce pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt s-ar perinda mii de genera\u0163ii, astronau\u0163ii de pe nava fotonic\u0103 ar fi \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nit doar cu 19 ani.<\/p>\n

Confirmarea contrac\u0163iei timpului<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prima demonstra\u0163ie practic\u0103 a „dilat\u0103rii timpului” a utilizat patru ceasuri atomice (cu cesiu); dou\u0103 au fost montate la bordul unor turboreactoare care au \u00eenconjurat P\u0103m\u00e2ntul de dou\u0103 ori, zbur\u00e2nd \u00een sens contrar. Dup\u0103 aterizarea avioanelor, s-a constatat foarte precis c\u0103 fa\u0163\u0103 de ceasurile identice r\u0103mase la Observatorul Marinei S.U.A., \u00een avionul care a zburat spre est, ceasul „a \u00eent\u00e2rziat” cu 59 nanosecunde; zbur\u00e2nd contrar rota\u0163iei P\u0103m\u00e2ntului, viteza relativ\u0103 a crescut, conduc\u00e2nd la aceast\u0103 „dilatare a timpului” la bordul s\u0103u. La cel\u0103lalt avion, care s-a deplasat \u00een acela\u015fi sens cu rota\u0163ia globului terestru, fenomenul a fost invers. Acest experiment a fost confirmat \u015fi mai reu\u015fit, mai t\u00e2rziu, prin ceasuri la fel de precise, montate la bordul navelor „Apollo” ce au zburat spre Lun\u0103.<\/p>\n

A\u015fadar, \u00eentr-un astfel de context al relativit\u0103\u0163ii fenomenelor materiale, \u00eentru totul real \u00een cadrul existen\u0163ei noastre cosmice, problema c\u0103l\u0103toriilor galactice va c\u0103p\u0103ta desigur un caracter cu totul diferit de cel pe care \u00eel concepem deocamdat\u0103 \u00een modul actual de a g\u00e2ndi. Nu numai c\u0103 explorarea Galaxiei \u00een care tr\u0103im va deveni direct accesibil\u0103 – put\u00e2ndu-se realiza nu \u00een milioane de ani, ci doar \u00een mii de ani -, dar se vor putea organiza expedi\u0163ii \u015fi \u00een galaxii apropiate; astfel , pentru ca o nav\u0103 fotonic\u0103 s\u0103 ajung\u0103 \u00een galaxia-satelit vecin\u0103, Marele Nor al lui Magellan – situat\u0103 la cea 180.000 ani-lumin\u0103 -, dr. D. Froning a calculat c\u0103 la bordul astronavei s-ar scurge numai 26 de ani!<\/p>\n

Teoria relativit\u0103\u0163ii, descris\u0103 \u00een Biblie<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u015ei parc\u0103 pentru a \u00eent\u0103ri convingerea oamenilor planetei noastre asupra posibilit\u0103\u0163ii de ajungere \u00een acest orizont fantastic ast\u0103zi – \u015fi realizabil „m\u00e2ine”-, mai mul\u0163i autori contemporani au reluat dintr-un text antic un extras, pe care ei \u00eel consider\u0103 drept prima consemnare a „relativit\u0103\u0163ii timpului” \u00een cadrul zborurilor cosmice. \u00cen vechiul text al traducerii slavone a Vedeniei lui Isaia, dup\u0103 re\u00eentoarcerea eroului ce ar fi fost dus „\u00een cer” – \u00een secolul VIII \u00ee.Hr. – acesta a consemnat astfel protestul s\u0103u la aflarea ve\u015ftii revenirii spre P\u0103m\u00e2nt: „Pentru ce a\u015fa cur\u00e2nd? C\u0103ci aici la tine numai dou\u0103 ceasuri am stat!”<\/em> Dar unul dintre „b\u0103rba\u0163ii \u00eenal\u0163i” care l-au chemat s\u0103 mearg\u0103 \u00een voiajul spa\u0163ial, \u00eengerul, i-a r\u0103spuns \u00eens\u0103: „nu dou\u0103 ceasuri ai stat, ci treizeci si doi de ani. Nu te \u00eentrista, tu nu ai \u00eemb\u0103tr\u00e2nit”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Timpul scurs pe navele spa\u0163iale \u015fi pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dar poate c\u0103 cel mai extraordinar fenomen s-ar produce din momentul \u00een care astronava fotonic\u0103 a atins viteza-limit\u0103 a tuturor manifest\u0103rilor materiale: viteza-luminii. \u00cen cadrul unor calcule mai extinse, matematicianul Lewis C. Epstein ar\u0103ta (\u00een cartea sa Teoria relativit\u0103\u0163ii explicat\u0103 \u00een mod intuitiv<\/em>) urm\u0103toarea scurgere a timpului la bordul navei care s-a accelerat \u00eentr-at\u00e2t \u00eenc\u00e2t se apropie de atingerea vitezei luminii, raportat\u0103 la o or\u0103 \u00eenregistrat\u0103 de ceasornicele de pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt:
\n–\u00a0 17 minute – la o vitez\u0103 de 96% din viteza luminii;
\n–\u00a0 12 minute – la 97% din viteza-limit\u0103;
\n–\u00a0 6 minute – la 99% din viteza razelor luminoase;
\n–\u00a0 0 minute – la 100% – deci la atingerea vitezei luminii!<\/p>\n

A\u015fadar, ajung\u00e2ndu-se la pragul maxim al vitezelor posibile \u00een lumea materiei, timpul „se opre\u015fte”! Dar astronau\u0163ii nu sesizeaz\u0103 acest fapt! Deci ei vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne ve\u015fnic tineri at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t c\u0103l\u0103toresc cu viteza luminii \u00een „hiperspa\u0163iu”! Rup\u00e2ndu-se \u00eens\u0103 cu totul de ceea ce au l\u0103sat \u00een urm\u0103 pe Terra, ace\u015fti p\u0103m\u00e2nteni trimi\u015fi la mari dep\u0103rt\u0103ri cosmice devenind „temponau\u0163i” mereu tineri, desigur c\u0103 vor g\u00e2ndi via\u0163a total altfel dec\u00e2t cei r\u0103ma\u015fi pe P\u0103m\u00e2nt, vor avea o alt\u0103 filozofie.<\/p>\n

(Material de Florin Gheorghi\u0163\u0103)<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De-a lungul timpului, \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte eventuala c\u0103l\u0103toria a omului c\u0103tre stele cu ajutorul navelor spa\u0163iale, s-au f\u0103cut diverse cercet\u0103ri din care s-a reliefat o condi\u0163ie tehnic\u0103 deosebit de preten\u0163ioas\u0103 pentru \u00eentreprinderea de c\u0103l\u0103torii la distan\u0163e mai mari – … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[102,60,610,51,348,433,1324,1635,9803,1104,2916],"class_list":["post-11036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-stiinta","tag-astronomie","tag-biblie","tag-einstein","tag-extraterestri","tag-fizica","tag-galaxie","tag-nava-spatiala","tag-racheta","tag-stiinta","tag-teoria-relativitatii","tag-viteza-luminii","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nTemponau\u0163ii galactici sau c\u0103l\u0103toriile interstelare cu nave ce prind viteza luminii - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/temponautii-galactici-sau-calatoriile-interstelare-cu-nave-ce-prind-viteza-luminii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Temponau\u0163ii galactici sau c\u0103l\u0103toriile interstelare cu nave ce prind viteza luminii\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"De-a lungul timpului, \u00een ceea ce prive\u015fte eventuala c\u0103l\u0103toria a omului c\u0103tre stele cu ajutorul navelor spa\u0163iale, s-au f\u0103cut diverse cercet\u0103ri din care s-a reliefat o condi\u0163ie tehnic\u0103 deosebit de preten\u0163ioas\u0103 pentru \u00eentreprinderea de c\u0103l\u0103torii la distan\u0163e mai mari – ... 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