{"id":103233,"date":"2026-08-27T12:20:31","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T09:20:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/?p=103233"},"modified":"2026-08-27T12:20:31","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T09:20:31","slug":"a-fost-einstein-un-sarlatan-el-s-a-folosit-de-lucrari-anterioare-ale-lui-lorentz-poincare-si-michelson-morley-atribuindu-si-in-mod-incorect-titlul-de-parintele-relativitatii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/a-fost-einstein-un-sarlatan-el-s-a-folosit-de-lucrari-anterioare-ale-lui-lorentz-poincare-si-michelson-morley-atribuindu-si-in-mod-incorect-titlul-de-parintele-relativitatii\/","title":{"rendered":"A fost Einstein un \u015farlatan? El s-a folosit de lucr\u0103ri anterioare (ale lui Lorentz, Poincare \u015fi Michelson-Morley), atribuindu-\u015fi \u00een mod incorect titlul de „p\u0103rintele relativit\u0103\u0163ii”"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Imagine:<\/strong> generata de Google Gemini<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Faimoasa lucrare a lui Einstein<\/strong> din 1905, „Despre electrodinamica corpurilor \u00een mi\u0219care”<\/em><\/strong>, \u00ee\u015fi \u00eencepe ra\u021bionamentul cu dou\u0103 postulate: (1) \u201ePrincipiul relativit\u0103\u021bii\u201d<\/strong> respinge un sistem de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een repaus absolut \u0219i impune ca „acelea\u0219i legi ale electrodinamicii \u0219i opticii s\u0103 fie valabile pentru toate sistemele de referin\u021b\u0103”<\/em> \u015fi (2) Viteza luminii (c) \u00een vid<\/strong> va fi \u00eentotdeauna aceea\u0219i, indiferent de „starea de mi\u0219care a corpului emi\u021b\u0103tor”. Aceasta este cunoscut\u0103 ast\u0103zi ca invarian\u021ba vitezei luminii.<\/p>\n

Dar, aceste postulate au fost chiar descoperite de Einstein? Sau „genialul” fizician s-a bazat pe lucr\u0103rile matematicianului \u015fi fizicianului olandez Hendrik Lorentz <\/strong>\u0219i a fizicianului \u015fi matematicianului francez Henri Poincar\u00e9<\/strong>, care au ajuns la concluziile lor \u00eenainte de Einstein? Munca relativist\u0103 a lui Lorentz a \u00eenceput cu concluziile dificile ale experimentului Michelson-Morley<\/strong>. Experimentul lor a reprezentat un obstacol pentru modelele fizice existente ale propag\u0103rii luminii, determin\u00e2ndu-l pe Lorentz s\u0103 emit\u0103 ipoteza contrac\u021biei lungimii, ca o extensie a modelului s\u0103u eteric. Aceast\u0103 ipotez\u0103 a contrac\u021biei lungimii a necesitat ulterior crearea „dilat\u0103rii timpului”<\/em> sau a ceea ce Lorentz a numit „timp local”<\/em> sau t\u2032<\/em>. Aceast\u0103 modificare a fost necesar\u0103 pentru a satisface cerin\u021bele ecua\u021biilor lui Maxwell<\/strong>. Dup\u0103 ce acest lucru a fost stabilit, Poincar\u00e9, care a fost implicat \u00eendeaproape \u00een critica \u0219i extinderea lucr\u0103rii lui Lorentz, a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 munca lui Lorentz a condus la ceea ce el a numit „principiul relativit\u0103\u021bii”<\/em>. V\u0103 sun\u0103 familiar?<\/p>\n

Poincar\u00e9 s-a referit pentru prima dat\u0103 la acest concept ca „principiul mi\u0219c\u0103rii relative”<\/em>, dar exist\u0103 prelegeri \u00eenc\u0103 din 1904, unde \u00eel nume\u0219te „principiul relativit\u0103\u021bii”<\/em> ad litteram. \u00cen 1902, Poincar\u00e9 a scris: „Mi\u0219carea oric\u0103rui sistem trebuie s\u0103 respecte acelea\u0219i legi, indiferent dac\u0103 se refer\u0103 la axe fixe sau la axele mobile care sunt implicate \u00een mi\u0219carea uniform\u0103 \u00een linie dreapt\u0103. Acesta este principiul mi\u0219c\u0103rii relative”<\/em>. \u00cen 1904, Poincar\u00e9 a afirmat \u00een prelegerile sale: „Principiul relativit\u0103\u021bii, conform c\u0103ruia legile fenomenelor fizice trebuie s\u0103 fie acelea\u0219i pentru un observator sta\u021bionar ca \u0219i pentru un observator purtat \u00eentr-o mi\u0219care uniform\u0103 de transla\u021bie; astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t nu avem \u0219i nu putem avea niciun mijloc de a discerne dac\u0103 suntem sau nu purta\u021bi \u00eentr-o astfel de mi\u0219care”<\/em>. Poincar\u00e9 a folosit chiar \u0219i un experiment mental \u00een care observatorii \u0219i-au sincronizat ceasurile folosind fascicule de lumin\u0103, a\u0219a cum a f\u0103cut Einstein. Un admirator al lui Einstein a recunoscut chiar c\u0103 „asem\u0103narea dintre experimentul mental al lui Poincar\u00e9 \u0219i al lui Einstein este izbitoare.”<\/em><\/p>\n

Ni se spune c\u0103 Einstein a publicat apoi lucrarea din 1905 care prezenta relativitatea special\u0103, o teorie complet nou\u0103 ce confirma independent munca lui Lorentz \u0219i Poincar\u00e9. Aceast\u0103 iluzie de independen\u021b\u0103 provenea din faptul c\u0103 nicio lucrare nu a fost citat\u0103 \u00een scrierile lui Einstein. \u00cen primele pagini, el face o referire general\u0103 la electrodinamica lui Maxwell \u0219i la „\u00eencerc\u0103rile nereu\u0219ite de a descoperi orice mi\u0219care a P\u0103m\u00e2ntului \u00een raport cu \u00abmediul luminos\u00bb”<\/em> pentru a-\u0219i justifica postulatul relativit\u0103\u021bii, dar nu \u015fi altceva.<\/p>\n

Lorentz a \u00eembr\u0103\u021bi\u0219at teoria relativit\u0103\u021bii a lui Einstein ca pe un corpus de lucr\u0103ri independent de a sa. Cu motive con\u0219tiente pe care le presupun autentice, Lorentz a afirmat: „Nu exist\u0103 nicio \u00eendoial\u0103 c\u0103 Einstein ar fi conceput-o chiar dac\u0103 munca tuturor predecesorilor s\u0103i \u00een teoria acestui domeniu nu ar fi fost realizat\u0103 deloc. Munca sa este, \u00een acest sens, independent\u0103 de teoriile anterioare”.<\/em> Aceast\u0103 confirmare pare s\u0103 fi satisf\u0103cut majoritatea istoricilor, \u00een timp ce t\u0103cerea lui Poincar\u00e9 pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 este \u00een mare parte ignorat\u0103.<\/p>\n

Cea mai logic\u0103 explica\u021bie pentru misterioasa lucrare a lui Einstein din 1905 este c\u0103, \u00een loc s\u0103 evoce postulate utile de la care s\u0103 se bazeze pe un izvor de geniu profetic, Einstein a descifrat lucr\u0103rile existente ale lui Lorentz \u0219i Poincar\u00e9. Lorentz a \u00eenceput cu contrac\u021bia lungimii ca postulat, iar ra\u021bionamentul lui Einstein s-a \u00eencheiat cu contrac\u021bia lungimii ca concluzie. Munca lui Einstein a \u00eenceput cu principiul relativit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i invarian\u021ba lui c<\/em> ca postulate, dar munca lui Lorentz \u0219i Poincar\u00e9 le con\u021bine ca concluzii. Folosind ambele concluzii ca principii c\u0103l\u0103uzitoare, Einstein a lucrat invers pentru a ob\u021bine dilatarea timpului \u0219i, \u00een final, contrac\u021bia lungimii, \u00een timp ce contrac\u021bia lungimii a lui Lorentz este cea care l-a condus la descoperirea dilat\u0103rii timpului (timpul local, t’<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u00cen ciuda faptului c\u0103 un concept de relativitate este \u00een mod clar inspirat de experimente precum Michelson-Morley, Einstein a sus\u021binut \u00eentr-un interviu c\u0103 nu avea cuno\u0219tin\u021be despre Michelson-Morley \u00eenainte de 1905: „C\u00e2nd l-am \u00eentrebat pe Einstein cum a aflat despre experimentul Michelson-Morley, mi-a spus c\u0103 a devenit con\u0219tient de el prin scrierile lui H.A. Lorentz, dar abia dup\u0103 1905 i-a atras aten\u021bia! \u00abAltfel\u00bb, a spus el, \u00abl-a\u0219 fi men\u021bionat \u00een lucrarea mea\u00bb”<\/em>. Totu\u015fi, av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere c\u0103 aceste dou\u0103 postulate ale lui Einstein nu erau adev\u0103ruri larg acceptate, omiterea cit\u0103rii este foarte nefireasc\u0103. Dac\u0103 cineva argumenteaz\u0103 pe baza unor postulate p\u00e2n\u0103 acum pu\u021bin cunoscute, orice om de \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 responsabil ar cita experimentele specifice care au condus la aceste afirma\u021bii. Chiar dac\u0103 nu ar fi Michelson-Morley sau Lorentz, o alt\u0103 citare ar fi justificat\u0103. De fapt, vedem chiar \u0219i numele lui Lorentz men\u021bionat, dar numai \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu anumite ecua\u021bii mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een lucrare. Deci, el folose\u0219te matematica lui Lorentz, dar nu este familiarizat cu importanta sa lucrare referitoare la Michelson-Morley? \u0218i de ce ar alege \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103tor un om familiarizat cu munca lui Lorentz un principiu de plecare derivat din aceea\u0219i lucrare?<\/p>\n

E posibil ca Poincar\u00e9 s\u0103 fi observat acest lucru mai devreme, ceea ce a dus la t\u0103cerea sa notorie pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103. Pune\u0163i-v\u0103 \u00een pielea lui \u0219i imagina\u0163i-v\u0103 c\u0103 cineva scrie o lucrare la c\u00e2\u0163iva ani dup\u0103 dvs., folosind postulate despre care a\u0163i scris \u015fi dvs., dar f\u0103r\u0103 nicio citare din scrierile dvs. sau ale colegilor vo\u015ftri. El folose\u0219te chiar acela\u0219i nume pentru principiu (relativitatea) \u0219i un experiment mental aproape identic pentru ra\u021bionament \u00een lucrarea sa. Cu toate acestea, acestea sunt \u00eenc\u0103 dovezi circumstan\u021biale prezentate p\u00e2n\u0103 acum \u0219i poate c\u0103 nu sunt un argument suficient de puternic pentru unii. Se pare, \u00eens\u0103, c\u0103 avem dovezi mai explicite c\u0103 Einstein \u00een\u0219ela lumea.<\/p>\n

Minciunile lui Einstein sunt pe deplin expuse atunci c\u00e2nd compar\u0103m interviurile sale publice cu scrisorile sale private. Dup\u0103 cum am men\u021bionat anterior, Einstein a negat public c\u0103 ar avea vreo cuno\u0219tin\u021b\u0103 despre lucr\u0103rile lui Michelson-Morley sau Lorentz referitoare la acel experiment. Dac\u0103 ar fi \u0219tiut, l-ar fi men\u021bionat – a spus el. Din p\u0103cate pentru el, scrisorile c\u0103tre so\u021bia sa au ie\u0219it ulterior la iveal\u0103, dovedind exact contrariul. Einstein i-a scris so\u021biei sale, Mileva, \u00een decembrie 1901: „Vreau s\u0103 m\u0103 apuc de treab\u0103 acum \u0219i s\u0103 citesc ce au scris Lorentz \u0219i Drude despre electrodinamica corpurilor \u00een mi\u0219care\u201d<\/em>. Hector Munera<\/strong> explic\u0103 importan\u021ba acestei recunoa\u0219teri astfel: „Aceste c\u0103r\u021bi erau teoria lui Lorentz din 1895 \u0219i cartea de optic\u0103 din 1900 a lui Drude. Baza empiric\u0103 a lucr\u0103rii lui Lorentz a fost interpretarea \u201enegativ\u0103\u201d a experimentului Michelson-Morley. \u00centr-adev\u0103r, Lorentz a urm\u0103rit \u00eendeaproape lucr\u0103rile lui Michelson \u00eenc\u0103 de la \u00eenceput \u0219i i-a trimis o corec\u021bie la experimentul din 1881”<\/em>. Drude rezuma \u0219i interpreta lucr\u0103rile lui Lorentz \u0219i Poincar\u00e9, inclusiv unul dintre celebrele postulate ale lui Einstein. Munera explic\u0103: „Din munca lui Drude, Einstein a aflat despre constan\u021ba vitezei bidirec\u021bionale a luminii \u00een ianuarie 1902”.<\/em><\/p>\n

Aceste scrisori arat\u0103 c\u0103 Einstein nu numai c\u0103 era la curent cu lucr\u0103rile lui Michelson-Morley \u0219i Lorentz\/Poincar\u00e9 pe aceast\u0103 tem\u0103 cu ani \u00eenainte de 1905, dar le studia intens \u00een scopul propriilor sale scrieri viitoare. Nu poate exista alt motiv pentru a min\u021bi at\u00e2t de flagrant dec\u00e2t acela de a mu\u0219amaliza ceea ce am men\u021bionat p\u00e2n\u0103 acum. Ra\u021bionamentul din spatele acestei \u00een\u0219el\u0103ciuni pare clar. Dac\u0103 materialul surs\u0103 pe care \u0219i-a construit presupunerea ar fi fost admis, lucrarea lui Einstein ar fi avut un impact mult mai mic. Simpla inginerie invers\u0103 a unui lan\u021b de descoperiri \u0219tiin\u021bifice nu este deloc o descoperire \u0219i este departe de a fi o confirmare independent\u0103. \u00cen plus, logica \u0219i concluziile pe care le aduce relativitatea special\u0103 nu rezist\u0103 examin\u0103rii atente \u0219i sunt inferioare lucr\u0103rii originale a lui Lorentz \u0219i Poincar\u00e9. Un astfel de exemplu este faptul c\u0103 toate calculele de dilatare a timpului pentru GPS utilizeaz\u0103 ecua\u0163iile lui Lorentz \u0219i nu relativitatea special\u0103, deoarece au un cadru de referin\u021b\u0103 preferat pe care relativitatea special\u0103, dac\u0103 este aplicat\u0103 corect, \u00eel interzice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Faimoasa lucrare a lui Einstein din 1905, „Despre electrodinamica corpurilor \u00een mi\u0219care”, \u00ee\u015fi \u00eencepe ra\u021bionamentul cu dou\u0103 postulate: (1) \u201ePrincipiul relativit\u0103\u021bii\u201d respinge un sistem de referin\u021b\u0103 \u00een repaus absolut \u0219i impune ca „acelea\u0219i legi ale electrodinamicii \u0219i opticii s\u0103 fie … <\/p>\n

Cititi mai multe<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":103234,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11042],"tags":[610,11043,2048,4234,20663,679,3393,4333,611,1104,2916],"class_list":["post-103233","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fizica-chimie","tag-einstein","tag-fizica-chimie","tag-fizician","tag-gps","tag-lorentz","tag-matematician","tag-michelson-morley","tag-poincare","tag-scrisoare","tag-teoria-relativitatii","tag-viteza-luminii","resize-featured-image"],"yoast_head":"\nA fost Einstein un \u015farlatan? El s-a folosit de lucr\u0103ri anterioare (ale lui Lorentz, Poincare \u015fi Michelson-Morley), atribuindu-\u015fi \u00een mod incorect titlul de "p\u0103rintele relativit\u0103\u0163ii" - Secretele lui Lovendal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.lovendal.ro\/wp52\/a-fost-einstein-un-sarlatan-el-s-a-folosit-de-lucrari-anterioare-ale-lui-lorentz-poincare-si-michelson-morley-atribuindu-si-in-mod-incorect-titlul-de-parintele-relativitatii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A fost Einstein un \u015farlatan? 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